The Syrian Civil War

Running head: SYRIAN CIVIL WAR
SYRIAN CIVIL WAR
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The Syrian Civil War has been a continuing and multi-sided War nbrawled between
Ba'athist Syrian Arab Republic led by Bashar al-Assad, the Syrian president and numerous
domestic forces. Both of these oppositions have their supporters in domestic regions and get
foreign support to combat in varying combinations. This particular civil war is currently one of
the most deadliest of wars in the 21st century. Listen rest of Syria is a part of wide wave of 2011
of Arab Spring protests (Bakke and Kuypers 2016). this raised out of the displeasure of the
Syrian government which is related to the armed conflict after the protest against removal of
Assad was violently suppressed. This particular civil war was started in 15 March of 2011 due to
a key unrest in Aleppo and Damascus. This was fought by different factions like Syrian armed
forces and their foreign Alliance, Sunni opposition rebel group that included free Syrian Army,
the mixed Kurdish Arab Syrian democratic forces, Salafi jihadist groups and Islamic state of Iraq
and levant with different countries directly or indirectly benefited by this civil war in Syria.
The Siberian Arab Republic and Syrian Armed Force military were supported by Iran,
Hezbollah and Russia. Here Russia conducted air strikes as well as other military operations in
2015 September on the other hand the international coalition led by America was established in
2014 which declared the purpose of opposing ISIL (Bakke and Kuypers 2016). The US Army
conducted a strikes against heat and some of the government opposing and pro-government
targets.
During this civil war, 250,000 people of Siberia were killed and in this war and armed conflict
has led to devastated situation in the economy and Society of this country. This was begin with
the anti-government protest and intensified into a civil war. 11 million people during the Civil
War had been pressurized to stay away from their houses as the forces trustworthy to the
president were fighting against the jihadi militants for the so called Islamic state (Wu 2018). This

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particular civil war can be critical to the growth of humanitarian economy and Society creating
barrier for development in this Middle Eastern Country.
The uprising had transformed into violence and civil war which is marked by the pro-
democracy protest that erupted in 2011 in the southern city of Deraa. During this visit the youths
who were writing Revolutionary slogans on their school were arrested. After the security forces
had open fired on the demonstrators and murdered several people gathered into the street. This
particular unrest had triggered a nationwide protests in which the people were demanding
resignation of the president Assad. In order to prevent this Syrian unrest question the ultimate
authority of the country the government used Force for crashing this dissent could harden the
resolve process of the protestors (Weiss 2017). By 2011 July, This small protest and the
operation of the government led thousands of people to come down to Street across the country
and protest against the Regime of the president Assad. From this year protest gave the other
positions extra leverage to work against the presidential Regime in Syria. As stated Howard and
Stark (2018) the opposition groups therefore started to take their arms up and defend themselves
from the operation of the government. Towards the later part of the same year, arms were used to
expel the security force from the local area.
In the second phase of these civil war violence was skeleton and this country Syria had
descended into the civil war situation. This is due to the fact that the Rebel brigades had been
forming to war the government force and gain device of their cities, country sides and towns
(Unit and Aston-Ward 2017). This forces where increasing as different opposition parties who
wanted to dethrone the president supporting these protestors and a huge amount of arms were
imported to be supplied in these areas. From the small cities countryside and towns the war
reached the capital of Damascus and the second city Aleppo in 2012.

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According to the reports published in United Nations more than 90 thousand people
where killed by June 2013 in this particular conflict and within 2 years this particular number
had climbed up to 250,000 as referred to by the activists and the United Nations (Steed 2016).
The conflicts are now Morgan just battle against the president but required a secretary and
overtones and pitching of the majority of the country against Shia Alawite sect opposition. Is this
protest took the size of national uprising the international forces came into front. The world
powers like America, Russia and many others took part in this particular civil war inside and
invested a lot to meet their own interests in the Middle East. together with foreign supporters the
Islamic state jihadist group had added further dimension and give this political problem to a
religious quotation.
In the third phase of this civil war was the war crimes. According to the United Nations
commission of enquiry all the parties in Syria had taken part to this particular conflict and
committed a large portion in the work crimes. The work rhymes here include killing people,
murdering, torturing, raping, enforced disappearances and many more (Seliktar and Rezaei
2020). These parties were also so been accused for using the path of civilian sufferings like
blocking the access to food, health services, transportation through different siege system which
is the technique of War. The United Nations Security Council had required that all the parties
Mast in the discrimination by using the arms in the occupied areas. However the civilians had
continuing to die. Many of them had no choice to take any side nor did they want to stay within
this civil war system. There had no connection with power politics but only need of food water
and Employment from the government. This is the reason why the United Nations Security
Council reminded all the parties to come into one solution and. this civil war. No response to this
demands however was granted and many civilians had been murdered with barrel bombs

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released by the government in self from aircraft on the meetings in the Rebel held areas (Mehta
and al-Assad 2017). This attacks constituted massacres but no government agents took measures
to limit their exercise of power. The United Nations has accused Islamic States to play an
important role in waging campaign of terror in Syria. The criticality of this civil war lies within
the fact that the Islamic state had been campaigning to transform this political unrest to a
religious campaigning. This had imposed sentences severely upon those who refused to receive
the rules set by the Islamic States. This had included thousands of public executions as well as
amputations. These agents of Islamic states had no fear of government to be punished but took
the path of terror to exercise their power to curb the protestors or the common people. Hundreds
of children were killed despite the fact that they had no connection with the politics in their
country and women where raped and kept imprisoned to act as sex objects (Lesch 2018). The
fighters in support of Islamic state had carried out mass killing of the Rival groups and the
religious minorities. Along with them the members of security forces and several westerners
were accused to take part in the Civil War therefore were beheaded hostages.
The cruelty of this war was increasing and new technologies for mass killing were
utilised. In this respect the utilisation of chemical weapons and importance. Thousands of people
were killed in 2013 August after several Rockets filled with nerve agent Sarin had been fired at
different suburbs of the capital Damascus. According to the American powers this can be carried
out only by the government in power but the Syrian government had accused the rebel forces to
take part in this hateful war crime (Kozak 2017). However later it has been found out that with
the prospect of military invention from the US the president Assad headache decided to whole
removal as well as obliteration of the chemical weapons Arsenal of Siberia. This process has
completed within a year but to prohibit the chemical arms head found out that UK Government

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continued to use chemical toxins in the conflict. The investigators had found that a toxic
chemical name of chlorine was used repeatedly and systematically in the Lethal attacks on the
dissident held areas in 2014. In this phase also the importance of the Islamic state is not reduced.
It has been found that the Islamic state agents had been using homemade chemical weapon that
include sulphur mustard the administration for the Prohibition of Chemical Weapons stated that
the blister agent was also used in this attack on the different parts of the country for killing
children and women.
The fifth phase of this civil war in Syria leads to the humanitarian crisis. According to the data
published by United Nations more than millions people had played the nation since the civil war
ongoing. These people taking shelter to the Never countries like Jordan, Turkey, Lebanon and
others. They have started to cope with the largest Refugee exodus of the recent times. Nearly
10% of the Syrian refugees who had financial support food find safety in different parts of
Europe. As pointed out by Ibrahim (2017), this lead to develop political divisions because these
countries the people were taking shelter in had been argued over the sharing of burden of people
of Syria. 6.5 million People had inside displaced within the country Syria as well as 1.2 million
had escaped from their homes alone in 2015. According to the data published by the United
Nations this will need more or less $3.2 billion to help these 13.5 million people (Bakke and
Kuypers 2016). In this total population 6 million children who needed definite forms of
humanitarian assistance within the country in 2016. 2 million children are out of school. More
than 70% of population do not get any access to the adequate food and drinking water. one of the
three people in this country after civil war are unable to arrange for their basic food needs and
four out of five people are living in poverty-stricken situation. The parties taking part in the
world have compound it all the problems after the civil war as they had refused any humanitarian

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agency in getting access to the civilians in need. 4.5 million People in Syria are living in
inaccessible areas and more than 400,000 people in the 15 besieged locations having no access to
the lifesaving aids.
In the sixth phase, the armed rebellion was evolving greatly since Inception. The secular
moderates where now outnumber by the jihadists and Islamists in this country who have brutal
tactics to bring people under their power. These people in power are causing global outrage
operating from the countries they are grabbing by power. These Islamic state has capitalised the
issues and taken great control of the large parts of Syria as well as Iraq. Here they are
proclaiming the formation of Caliphates in 2014 June. Many of the distant fighters are getting
involved in this world with the war within war concept of Syria. They are fighting Rebels and the
Rival jihadists from the government and Kurdish forces along with the al-Qaeda affiliated Nusra
front. In 2014 September the America led coalition had launched airstrike within the country in
an initiative to degrade as well as ultimately destroy the execution of Islamic States. This
coalition had avoided attacks which might be benefiting for the president’s forces. This enraged
Russia as no other international power was taking part so directly in this Syrian Civil War.
Russia begin it’s their campaigning to target the terrorists in the country within a year. However
the researchers and critics have found out that these air strikes are mainly targeted the Western
backed Rebels as well as civilians. The criticality therefore lies with the fact that the American
and Russian Armies where fighting among themselves in the name of Syrian Civil War. This had
become a place in which two superpowers in the world where executing their own political
strength. In this particular political Arena the oppositions where divided with the rival alliances
fighting for supremacy. Among these the most protruding was the national partnership for
Siberian Revolutionary and hostility forces. This particular Organisation was supported by

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several Western countries as well as Gulf Arab States. The exile group had very little influence
on this background of Syrian Civil War and the primacy of these groups where is affected by
many of the opponents of the president Mr. Assad.
However after the civil war ended and to Supreme powers of the world executed their political
and military powers peace efforts was taken. With no sides capable to inflict a conclusive defeat
on their oppositions, the international public mentioned that only a political answer can in this
particular civil war in Syria. The United Nations Security Council called for perfect application
of 2012 Geneva communique. It envisions 1 transitional political body having full executive
power that is formed based on the mutual understanding. In early 2014 the meeting referred to as
Geneva II, had clarified that it is blaming the Syrian government to refills for discussion among
the opposition demands (Gissi 2019). The successor named Staffan de Mistura focused on the
establishment of series of local ceasefire to create freeze zone in Aleppo that was ultimately
overturned. However in this peace meeting 3 year long Siege of Homs suburb was ended
successfully in 2015. At this same time the conflict with Islamic state give a fresh impetus to the
search of restoring peace in Syria. In this case both Russia and America had initiated efforts to
get their representative of Government and hostility for attending closeness talks in January
2016. they need to discuss Security Council’s road map for the peace that included ceasefire as
well as provisional periods ending with election (Casagrande, Kozak and Cafarella 2016).
The final phase of Syrian Civil War was the proxy war. This begin as another Arab Spring battle
started against and oppressive ruler was seen. This had drawn many regional as well as world
powers. Both Russia and Iran had propped up the Alwait led government to increase their
support. The country like the Harry in had been believing to be spending dollars to bolster Mr
Assad again. They had provided military advice and subsidized different weapons to increase the

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power of the former President in regaining the power. The Syrian government had also so gain
support from Shia Islamist Hezbollah movement of Lebanon. This finally LED the proxy war to
get political and religious reasons to fight. In 2015 the entire situation were diminished as many
of these opposition’s were abandoned from the region.

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Bakke, P.C. and Kuypers, J.A., 2016. The Syrian Civil War, International Outreach, and a Clash
of Worldviews. KB Journal, 11(2).
Bakke, P.C. and Kuypers, J.A., 2016. The Syrian Civil War, International Outreach, and a Clash
of Worldviews. KB Journal, 11(2).
Bbc.com, 2020. Syria: The Story Of The Conflict. [online] BBC News. Available at:
<https://www.bbc.com/news/world-middle-east-26116868> [Accessed 16 April 2020].
Casagrande, G., Kozak, C. and Cafarella, J., 2016. Syria 90-day Forecast: The Assad Regime
and Allies in Northern Syria. Institute for the Study of War, 24(2), p.16.
Gissi, A., 2019. ‘What Does the Term Refugee Mean to You?’: Perspectives from Syrian
Refugee Women in Lebanon. Journal of Refugee Studies, 32(4), pp.539-561.
Howard, L.M. and Stark, A., 2018. Why Civil Wars Are Lasting Longer. Foreign Affairs, 27.
Ibrahim, A., 2017. Ending the Syrian civil war: Is there a federal solution?. Geopolitics, History,
and International Relations, 9(2), pp.141-166.
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Lesch, D.W., 2018. Anatomy of an uprising: Bashar al-Assad’s fateful choices that launched a
civil war. In The Arab Spring (pp. 91-112). Routledge.
Mehta, K. and al-Assad, B., 2017. Understanding India’s response to the Syrian civil
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Seliktar, O. and Rezaei, F., 2020. Rescuing the Assad Regime and Turning Syria into a Client
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Wu, T., 2018. Landpower, Time, and Terrorism: A Strategy of Lightness in the Counter-ISIS
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