SYSTEM ANALYSIS AND DESIGN

The assignment content is about system analysis and design, which includes PART A: QUESTIONS, PART B: CASE STUDY, and REFERENCES. The questions cover topics such as the role of a system analyst, main components of an information system, types of system development tools and methods, and phases of SDLC (Software Development Life Cycle) waterfall model. The case study discusses different levels of organization, examples of retailers, the meaning of empowerment, and types of information systems.

SYSTEM ANALYSIS AND DESIGN
HOMEWORK EXERCISE
CHAPTER 1

Table of Contents
PART A: QUESTIONS...................................................................................................................1
1. The reason why system analyst has to act as a translator........................................................1
2. Main components of the information system..........................................................................1
3. Types of system development tools as well as methods..........................................................1
4. Phases of SDLC (Software development life cycle) waterfall model.....................................2
PART B: CASE STUDY.................................................................................................................2
1. Levels of organization.............................................................................................................2
2. Example of retailers.................................................................................................................3
3. Meaning of empowerment.......................................................................................................3
4. Types of information system...................................................................................................3
REFERENCE..................................................................................................................................5

PART A: QUESTIONS
1. The reason why system analyst has to act as a translator
A system analyst has to act as the translator because it translates technical information in
a simple form so that non-technical people can easily understand it. Further, they are involved in
the process of planning and recommending the system as well as software. It is with the help of
them only communication is being held between programmer and business people. It is the
reason why they act as a translator. All the people (From top to bottom) who are involved in the
operation will be considered as a group. Thus, operation employee, middle manager, and
supervisor are some groups that are involved in the same.
2. Main components of the information system
An information system consists of different types of components that are being used for
the purpose to collect data, process data and delivering the information. The main components of
the information system are software, hardware, databases, human resources and the procedure
that is related to the same (Davis & Yen, 2018). Apart from this, other components of the
information system include inventory controlling, sales information system and purchasing
information system. However, critical mission system is basically a device which is if fail then
all the operation of the organization will also be affected.
3. Types of system development tools as well as methods
System development tools are given below:
 Modeling: This tool is used for the purpose to convert process and concept in the
graphical form. This will enable the system developer to test and modify the
information.
 Prototyping: It tests the system concept as well as it also offers an opportunity to assess
input, output and the user interface before reaching on to any kind of final decision.
 Computer-aided system engineering: It uses very powerful software that provides
assistance to the system analyst for the purpose to maintain as well as develop an
information system.
System development methods are given below:
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 Structured analysis: It is being regarded as a traditional system development method in
which a series of phases are used with an aim to plan, design, implement and give
support to the information system.
 Object-oriented analysis: It is the process that basically the group that items which
interacts with each another typically in the form of behavior and class with an aim to
create a model that effectively represent the main purpose of the whole system.
 Agile method: It is the type of software development methodology that is being centered
on the idea of iterative development in which both requirements, as well as solutions,
evolve through the collaboration that happens between the self-organizing cross-
functional team (Land, 2018).
4. Phases of SDLC (Software development life cycle) waterfall model
The phases are depicted below:
 Planning: The decision is taken about the scope of project. Cost estimation, project
schedule, and project plans are the output of the planning.
 Requirement: Here, the IT team will get the requirement in relation to project from
stakeholders.
 Design and prototyping: As per the requirement of the project, the designing of software
is done and a sample is being prepared.
 Software development: In this phase, the final software will be developed as per the
specified requirement.
 Testing: Here, code and unit testing are performed with an aim to assess the quality of
developed software.
 Deployment: Here, the final software is being released.
 Operation and maintenance: Here, the work of monitoring is done with an aim to take
instant action towards the defect that is being assessed in the software.
PART B: CASE STUDY
1. Levels of organization
 Top management: This includes people like CEO and Director of the company that
makes long term plans.
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 Middle management: These managers basically delegate the responsibility to the
supervisor and lower-level employees.
 Lower management: This includes leaders and supervisors and they will oversee the day
to day operations which are being carried out in firm.
 Operational management: They are responsible for whatever work which is being
assigned by the lower as well as other level managers (Kasemsap, 2018).
2. Example of retailers
The examples of retailers are given below:
 Walmart: This is a retail firm in America that offers variety of products.
 Tesco: It is UK based retail firm.
 Sainsbury: It is also the United Kingdom based retail firm.
Among these, I find Tesco as the best because the organization gives various offers in its
products. Further, it runs different types of discounts schemes also. It is the reason why I like the
firm very much.
3. Meaning of empowerment
Empowerment is being regarded as the activity of giving degree of autonomy as well as
self-determination in the people and in the community with an aim to represent their interest in a
responsible manner. In other words, it can also be said that it is the task of delegating some
authority and power to the employees of firm. For example, if the firm will give its lower-level
employee an opportunity to participate in the decision-making process then it is called as
empowerment. Further, suppose there is a male-dominated industry and if here some women are
given authority to make decision about the activities that are related to the women then it is
called by the name of empowerment.
4. Types of information system
There are different types of an information system that might be used by the large firms and
these are depicted below:
 Office information system
 Management information system
 Decision support system (Davis & Yen, 2018)
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 Executive support system.
No, same system would not be found in the small organization. This is because the cost of
implementing these systems is very high and thus it cannot be afforded by small firms.
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REFERENCE
Davis, W. S., & Yen, D. C. (2018). The information system consultant's handbook: Systems
analysis and design. CRC press.
Kasemsap, K. (2018). The role of information system within enterprise architecture and their
impact on business performance. In Global Business Expansion: Concepts,
Methodologies, Tools, and Applications (pp. 1078-1102). IGI Global.
Land, F. (2018). Social aspects of information systems. In Management Information Systems:
The Technology Challenge(pp. 11-57). Routledge.
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