System Analysis and Design

This study material provides a comprehensive understanding of system analysis and design. It covers topics such as context diagrams, data flow diagrams, entity relationship diagrams, storage of data in file systems and databases, and the process of normalization in database design. It is suitable for students studying system analysis and design. Available at Desklib.

System analysis and design
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Contents
INTRODUCTION...........................................................................................................................4
TASK 1............................................................................................................................................4
TASK 2............................................................................................................................................5
TASK 3............................................................................................................................................6
TASK 4............................................................................................................................................6
TASK 5..........................................................................................................................................10
TASK 6..........................................................................................................................................10
CONCLUSION..............................................................................................................................12
REFERENCES..............................................................................................................................13
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INTRODUCTION
Student enrolment system will bring a lot of impact on the education industry where it has
large number of population, its use registration system manually, its primary aim is to automate
system of student admission, select an appropriate course. The system is mainly divided into
different parts: back ground information of student, campus. The online system provide better
quality of facilities to student where they can easily access information through system. in order
to establish interaction with faculty members and build understanding towards particular subject.
The report will describe about the context diagram, data flow which mainly representing as high
level of process and also establish relationship between them. Furthermore, it will identify the
non-trivial processes from level 0-DFD which automatically decompose each process into
explicit one level. However, it will create an entity relationship diagram that shows as relation
among different entities.
TASK 1
Create and document a context diagram for system.
A context diagram is defined as process where it will be divided into different level, in
order to show boundaries of enrolment system. In this way, it can be identified the flow of
information between system as well as external entities. The while system support, shown into
single process. In another way, context diagram is primarily display that how system
interoperates at high level, interact with logical manner (Akbulut-Bailey, 2019). The student
enrolment system, context diagram help for developing an important baseline which
automatically interact with system and actors.
Figure 1 Context Diagram
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TASK 2
Develop and design level of 0 data flow diagram, identify that how should contain high level
processes of system and established the relationship.
A data flow diagram is an interactive way of representing the flow of information or data
in a process within enrolment system. DFD provide the information about the specific input as
well as output of each entities. It has no specific control flow that control overall processing.
There are no specific decision loops, rules.
0-Level data flow diagram
This level of DFD have been elaborated with the high level process of student enrolment
system. In this way, it can easily explain the basic overview of entire system or process.
Sometimes. It useful for analysed or modelled according to requirement of users (Davis and Yen,
2019). It is designed to be interactive way to show authentication, student login which mainly
representing as single high level process, with its develop relationship to external entities that
applicable within student enrolment system. Therefore, it become easier to understand the
people, including course, subject and enrolment. The Zero level data flow diagram has described
high level flow of system.
High level process flow within system:
 Managing login details
 Managing and controlling student information
 Handle tuition fees payment process
 Managing course
 Managing subject, authentication
Login account accept request
Successful login provide response
Search detail record
Select class response
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Student Student Enrollment
System
Admin
Staff member Student Enrollment
system
Student

TASK 3
Select the three major and non-trivial processes from level 0 DFD, decompose each process into
explicit level 1 DFD.
First level Data flow diagram of student enrolment system representing that how system
can be divided into sub process, each one participate to deal with one or more data flow from
external agent (Davis and Yen, 2019). It provide the overall functionality of system as consider
the whole project to acquire information. Furthermore, it can also identifies the internal data
stores through authentication. Fees, courses, subject. In order to perform different task between
different entities. In this way, DFD 1 shows the detail about the functionality and highlight flow
of information.
 Entities and maintain flow if information within DFD level-1:
 Processing to record enrolment and also generate report
 Collect information about student and categorised as per subject
 Processing course record and generate documentation report
 Processing login to identify authorised person.
 Processing the fees record and generate output.
Registration
Search course
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Student Verifying availability
of classes
Enroll student
Confirm registration
Course
Staff
Accept/ reject
Registration done successfully
Update
Course enrollment
Confirmation letter

TASK 4
Identify the entities and relationship of system.
As per give case study, it has identified the different entities and relationship with another
one.
Entity: It is a type of component or object of particular data which mainly represented in the
form of ER model. It consists of various entities that plays important role for categorising into
specific manner.
 Student
 Course
 Classes
 Student Enrolment officer
 Staff member
These are different entities that can represent within Entity relationship diagram. Each and every
entities are established the significant relationship with another one.
Create and document an ERD for system.
An entity relationship diagram is mainly described about the interrelated things of interest
which consists of specific domain and their knowledge (La, Geng and Li, 2019). ER model is
composed of various entities type, specify their unique relationship that can exist between
entities. In term of enrolment system, it is commonly formed to show overall business things that
need to perform various operation and function. In another words, ER model is consider as
abstraction data model which defined the information and implemented in the relational database
design purpose. Usually, it is helping for analysis process in area of enterprise and represent as
data schema.
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Figure 2 Entity Relationship Diagram
Data dictionary
Entities Attributes
Student  Student_id (PK)
 Name
 Email_id
 PhoneNo

Course  Course_id (PK)
 Course_name
 Course_type
Student enrolment officer  Student_enrollment_officer_id (PK)
 Name
 phoneNo
 email
 age
Classes  Class_id (PK)
 Time
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 Date
Staff member  Staff_id (PK)
 S_name
 S_phoneNo
 S_email
 S_address
Schedule
Table: 1
TASK 5
Understand that how data should be stored in file system or database. Justify the answer.
Data is based on the raw information that contain within data sets in the database system.
Data can be stored in both qualitative as well as quantitative. If it require to select an appropriate
way for uploading file on server. It can be possible when store data within database.
The database has ACID properties so that it maintain and control large number of
information. This property will help for update, manipulate delete, and insert data within system.
In this way, user can easily access information from database if they have authority to search
data set effectively (Saeed, 2019). File will be sync within database so it can easily established
connection between two tables. It give proper upper hand tracking experience during transaction.
In global marketplace, there are maximum use of database system in different field because it
maintain proper security and privacy in proper manner. In database, it will be performed the task
by using structure query language. It always support for resolve different solution. If application
will not demand on large number of file from users.
On the other hand, File system is another type of process for collecting information. Various
operations relational mapping, it means that there is no guarantee, it has chances to delete file
from the location. It might be known whether the exits into particular folders. The data will be
stored within database in the form tables. Each and every table contain information about entities
and their specific attributes. As per discussion, it has been justified that overall database system
help for supporting overall entities and relationship between them.
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TASK 6
Translate Entity relationship diagram into physical relational database design, document
database table and also design normalization.
Entity relationship diagram can be representing flow of information that’s why, it plays
important role in the physical relational database design. ER model provide brief overview about
the each and every process whereas how they can handle entire functionality in proper manner.
In some situation, ER model give instruction to create boundaries outside field so that they can
perform significant task through Query. During design approach, ER model has performed
significant task for acquiring data or information of student record enrolment system.
Physical relational database design:
The physical ER model can be developed from logical structure of ER, usually develop
as an instantiated in database. Therefore, it become easier to contain the enough details which
mainly produced the database. The physical model is not enough so that implement logical
manner. In another way, it said that physical model create the structure metadata as connect with
relationship objects. It mainly including database tables, unique key indexes, and constraints
such as foreign key.
Figure 3 Physical design model
When designing the student enrolment system that mainly used model at the time of
requirement analysis. In order to describe the requirement and need of information. Afterwards,
it will be stored in the database in proper manner. The data modelling technique is explaining the
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ontology for certain area of interest. If design of information that become suitable for database
system.
Normalization
It is based on the database schema technique which mainly used for designing purpose while
modified the existing schema to minimize the dependency as well as redundancy. This process
will be splitting the large table into smaller one. In order to define the relationship between them
to improve clarity of organise information or data effectively and efficiently. Normalization can
be categorised into different groups:
First Normal Form (1NF)
According to specific rule when first normal form create, there are some attribute exists
in the table which cannot hold multiple values.
Second Normal Form (2NF)
This type of normal form contain specific condition which mainly holding table is in
1NF, there are non-prime attribute which become dependent on the proper subset. The part of
attributes is not containing key which is known as non-prime attribute.
Third Normal Form (3NF)
3NF has consists of different condition where table must be exist in second normal form,
it also removed the super within non-prime attribute and doesn’t exist transitive functional
dependency.
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CONCLUSION
From above discussion, it has summarised about the Student enrolment system that help for
improving overall campus operations. It provide the better facilities to student where they can
easily choose particular course of study purpose. It directly impact on the university where it has
large number of population, its use enrolment system manually. The system is mainly divided
into different parts: back ground information of student, campus. It has summarised about the
context diagram, data flow which mainly representing as high level of process and also establish
relationship between them. Furthermore, it can be identified the non-trivial processes from level
0DFD which automatically decompose each process into explicit one level. However, it is also
creating an entity relationship diagram that shows as relation among different entities.
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REFERENCES
Book and Journals
Akbulut-Bailey, A., 2019. Improving IS enrollment choices: the role of social support. Journal of
Information Systems Education. 23(3).p.2.
Davis, W.S. and Yen, D.C. eds., 2019. The information system consultant's handbook: Systems
analysis and design. CRC press.
Davis, W.S. and Yen, D.C. eds., 2019. The information system consultant's handbook: Systems
analysis and design. CRC press.
Law, K.M., Geng, S. and Li, T., 2019. Student enrollment, motivation and learning performance
in a blended learning environment: The mediating effects of social, teaching, and
cognitive presence. Computers & Education. 136. pp.1-12.
Saeed, K., 2019. Towards sustainable development: Essays on system analysis of national
policy. Routledge.
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