System Analysis and Design: Methodologies and Design Approaches

SYSTEM ANALYSIS AND DESIGN 1
System Analysis and Design
Student Name
Institutional Affiliation

SYSTEM ANALYSIS AND DESIGN 2
Table of Contents
Question 1: Essay............................................................................................................................3
Adaptive System Development....................................................................................................3
Extreme Programming Methodology:.........................................................................................4
Rapid Application Development..................................................................................................5
Agile Software Development Methodology................................................................................6
Waterfall Model...........................................................................................................................6
Spiral Model.................................................................................................................................7
Dynamic System Development Methodology.............................................................................9
Justification of the Methodology for the Case Study...................................................................9
Question 2: Memo.........................................................................................................................11
Question 3: Use Case Modelling...................................................................................................14
Event Table................................................................................................................................14
Use Case Diagram......................................................................................................................15
Use Case Description.................................................................................................................15
Question 4: Domain Modelling.....................................................................................................17
Domain Model Class Diagram...................................................................................................17
Design Class Diagram................................................................................................................17
Reference List................................................................................................................................18

SYSTEM ANALYSIS AND DESIGN 3
Question 1: Essay
Adaptive System Development
The current system requirements require employment of more adaptive and predictive
methodologies because of the changes in business processes (James, 2013). Where high value
results are required adaptive approaches to system development can be considered where rapid
prototypes are developed rather than focusing on enhancement techniques to improve the system
already in place. Highsmith (2013) have supported the ideology that system adaptability id more
essential that system optimization. In predictive approach, the outcome or the final product is
already known and thus, the development team is task with ensuring that the projected result is
met. With adaptive methodology, the end result is not known.
System Development Methodologies refers to the approach in implementing the system
development cycle. Analysis, planning, design and implementation are the basic steps in of
System development. In the planning phase, it identifies why the system would be build and the
process of its creation. Through studying the existing nature and identifying the risks, the team
conceptualizes the new system, in design phase, members finalizes how the system operates.
(Dennis et. al 2009)
General advantages of Adaptive system methodology include: it allows in-depth engagement
of the key stakeholders before the project is started. Secondly, because of continuous
engagement between the clients and the development team, the project is more transparent (Peter
and Jain, 2016). Thirdly, regular meeting between the stakeholders ensures that the project
objectives are met on time and within the budget. One key benefit od adaptive methodology is
the fact that the development is more focused on the user which ensures that all the user
requirements have been captured which eventually leads to development of a high-quality
software product (Pradeep, 2017).
However, this approach is faced with some setbacks like continuous and regular engagement
with the client consumes a lot of time and may lead to the client getting bored. In the course of
engagement, new requirements may emerge which may delay the delivery of the software
product or may lead to development of a totally different software that was not intended (John,

SYSTEM ANALYSIS AND DESIGN 4
2016). Abrahamson, Warsta, Siponnen and Ronkainen (2013) have argued that testing the
solution extensively may lead to failure of the project and may cause the client to incur loses
because of the resources that had been dedicated to the project.
The various methodologies of adaptive system development, their advantages and
disadvantages are discussed below. According to Rising and Janoff (2010), agile techniques are
recommended for adaptive methodology while waterfall approach is recommended for predictive
methodology.
Extreme Programming Methodology:
This is a software development design that tries or aims at improving the speed, quality and
response to the dynamic requisites of the client or the customer. It allows flexibility within the
design process and it is a software build within an unstable environment. It can be grouped into
categories which include; fine- scale feedback- this is a test-driven development and it entails
planning game and pair programming (John, 2015). Secondly is Shared understanding, it
includes software language and coding standards or conventions, a collective code ownership
etc.
Some of the advantages of using this approach is that it creates rational schedules and plans,
lays concentration of client involvement, more commitment to the project by the development
team, and the team is equipped with more enhanced skills to deliver a quality product. However,
this approach has some disadvantages for instance, regular meeting is required thus time
wastage, development changes are many, the end result is not known, and it’s the people
involved that determines the usefulness of the end product.
Rapid Application Development
RAD is a system development approach where solutions are developed rapidly with the
intention of offering the quality software quickly. Most online business employ the use of this
methodology as it is also convenient to use and not complex (Rihanis and Geyor, 2011, p. 241).
This approach is focused on improving the overall functionality of the software development
process with emphasis on the active user participation.