Light Rail Transit System Analysis

The provided text consists of a collection of research papers and articles focused on the topic of light rail transit (LRT) systems. The papers explore diverse facets of LRT, such as resilient concrete crosstie designs, energy implications of electric-powered rail systems, design considerations for light track switches, public perception and framing of LRT projects, human factors in intelligent transportation systems, property value impacts, hybrid architectures for energy storage in diesel-driven rail, large-scale project performance analysis, long-term upgrade strategies, performance assessment of bus rapid transit systems, contractual arrangements for urban light rail, energy management in battery-supercapacitor based LRT vehicles, and resident preferences for different transportation investments.

Running head: SYSTEM ENGINEERING AND ANALYSIS
System Engineering and Analysis
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1SYSTEM ENGINEERING AND ANALYSIS
Executive Summary
The network of light rail transit is needed assessment for preparing the project of the report as
well as the issues that arise at the time of development of the network. It has been assessed for
developing the network assessed for growth of the framework. The system development life
cycle model has been followed for development of the infrastructure, which is explained in the
report. The tracks utilized to those LRT will be required should a chance to be joined together for
the metro and the overwhelming rail track to diminishing those improvement cosset. In addition,
fitting oversaw economy of the movement may be obliged with be connected such-and-such
lanes and the crossings are not blocked that is discussed in the report.

2SYSTEM ENGINEERING AND ANALYSIS
Table of Contents
1. Introduction..................................................................................................................................3
2. Preliminary design.......................................................................................................................3
3. Detailed design and development................................................................................................5
3.1 System design............................................................................................................................5
3.2 Development of the design........................................................................................................6
4. System testing, assessment, validation and optimization............................................................7
4.1 System testing............................................................................................................................7
4.2 Evaluation of the project............................................................................................................8
4.3 Validation and optimization......................................................................................................8
5. Conclusion...................................................................................................................................9
6. References..................................................................................................................................10

3SYSTEM ENGINEERING AND ANALYSIS
1. Introduction
The light rail framework has been designed in order to increase efficiency of
transportation system as well as minimize traffic congestion in the particular city. The conceptual
design of light rail framework has been designed as well as details of the framework are properly
analyzed in order to develop the solution. The areas are needed covered by utilizing the light rail
project along with other infrastructure needed for supporting the LRT, which has been assessed
for the project deployment.
The preliminary design has been created for development of the framework as well as
attached with the report. In this perspective, the details design of the methodology has been
followed for growth of the infrastructure that is discussed in the present report. The final rail
transit framework is tested in order to find errors, which are produced at the time of
implementing the system. The errors have been resolved to optimize the system as well as
continue with the overall growth of the framework. In addition, the system development life
cycle model has been deployed for development of the system along project management
schedule, which is needed to create for managing the module along with tracing the progress for
the particular project in order to increase efficiency of the project development procedure.
2. Preliminary design
The primary design of the light rail framework includes overhead electricity lines as well
as layout of the particular track. It is covering vital parts of the city along with the model of light
rail transit framework (Dewobroto et al., 2017). In this perspective, track of the light railway
framework has been effectively designed like commuters feel safe as well as easy journey with

4SYSTEM ENGINEERING AND ANALYSIS
minimizing vibration as well as jerks. The motor that are utilized to run the engine of light
railway framework is needed to the powerful that the particular steps as well as the cliffs are
easily transmitted. In addition, the project deployment of the light railway framework can get
success whether primary design encounters the needs of the city as well as provide advantages to
the city.
Greene (2015) stated that the overhead lines in the city will be required with be secured
Also control station is required with make deployed after An sure hole to transfer of the control
and supply those base for boundless energy. That pace of the light rail system may be required
with a chance to be controlled for distinctive routes and gps following gadget cam wood a
chance to be introduced in the light rails to getting every last one of constant overhaul of the
present area and the separation secured toward those LRT.
In the congested ranges those tracks would required should be intended such-and-such
those street approaches might a chance to be utilized to establishing the track Also offering it
with the opposite vehicles running on the streets (Csenge et al. 2016). Those clamor of the
motors may be Additionally needed to be diminished with the utilization for best possible
encasing What's more keeping the lodge quiet Furthermore enhance those nature of the
transportation. The convey limit of the Travelers may be required should a chance to be
expanded with change in the current plan and the requisition of the framework improvement
lifecycle model assists on improvement of the schema for decreasing those errors created
Throughout the improvement of the framework. An extension may be obliged to be produced
then afterward (Chaturvedi & Kim, 2015). A preliminary examination on the prerequisite for the
improvement of a light rail travel system. An arrangement examination may be likewise required
on a chance to be aggravated to getting those issues connected with the advancement of the

5SYSTEM ENGINEERING AND ANALYSIS
system. After that an arrangement configuration will be recommended including every last one
of detail to the Regard of the undertaking. Those framework outline ought further bolstering
comprise about every last one of offers Also determination that would required will a chance to
be incorporated in the project for settling on it a triumph. For the headway of the undertaking
those next stage will be arrived at with respect to fruition of the past phase and the errors created
Throughout the headway of the one task will be required should make determined for proceeding
(Sarmiento-Carnevali et al. 2017). If a lapse will be identifier in the following stage of the
improvement transform the designer may be needed will come back of the past stage to the
correction of the slip and proceeding with whatever remains of the task.
The probability that a framework or item will fulfill its assigned mission in a tasteful way
or, particularly, the reliability that the element will perform in an acceptable way for a given
period when utilized under indicated working conditions.
A few vital ideas inside this definition: probability, satisfactory performances. Typically
expressed in quantitative terms as speaking to a part or rate indicating the quantity of times that
one can anticipate that an occasion will happen in an aggregate number of trials.For illustration,
an announcement that the likelihood of survival of a substance working 80 hours is 0.75 (or
75%). This demonstrates one can anticipate that it will work appropriately for no less than 80
hours 75 times out of 100.
Then again, Maintainability might be characterized on the premise of a mix of elements,
for example, the accompanying: A normal for outline and establishment that is communicated as
the likelihood that: a thing will be held in or reestablished to a predefined condition inside a

6SYSTEM ENGINEERING AND ANALYSIS
given time of time. Maintenance won't be required more than x times in a given period when
framework is operated. The support cost for a framework won't surpass y dollars per assigned
period when the framework is being worked that is maintained in the project.
3. Detailed design and development
3.1 System design
Olesen (2014) stated that the advancement of the light rail infrastructure to a city that
foundation furthermore objective of the venture will be required to a chance to be broke down
What's more beginning those development of those building infrastructures for example, those
platforms and the spans needed for those sending of the light rail travel skeleton. The present
actuality of the city movement and the ranges obliged on be secured by those light rail organize
is also needed will a chance to be viewed as for the advancement of the configuration. The
extension for change accessible and the structures that could a chance to be executed for the
diminishment of the generally speaking cosset of the system could also included in the plan to
expanding the effectiveness of the system (Barfield et al. 2014). The technique chose for the
advancement of the light rail schema may be needed will a chance to be affirmed and adjusted to
the improvement of the light rail travel skeleton.
Most framework are conveyed and afterward work in conditions that change over the
long haul. A changing domain can prompt insecurity unless control activity is connected.
Control of a part or the greater part of a framework can help keep up framework execution inside
indicated resiliencies or can build the value of framework yield. In this address, we focus on the
control of venture exercises utilizing basic way technique (CPM). A tangible gadget of technique
for measuring the trademark or condition, a control gadget that will contrast measured execution

7SYSTEM ENGINEERING AND ANALYSIS
and arranged execution, an initiating gadget that will adjust the framework to achieve an
adjustment in the yield trademark or condition being controlled demonstrates the relationship
among the four components of a control framework.
The preliminary design is required with be assessed Furthermore life cycle expense of the
preliminary outline of the schema is likewise obliged to make acknowledged for the
improvement of the skeleton. Those expressway improvement What's more oversaw economy of
the light rail will be needed should make created and the budgetary backing accessible for the
one task may be likewise acknowledged What's more provision of the way office Also
configuration those phase to real development of the undertaking. The post configuration stage
and the expense bookkeeping will be needed to a chance to be conveyed out and upkeep of the
life cycle of the undertaking (Dziauddin, Powe & Alvanides, 2015). Project system device
around will be obliged to a chance to be utilized to the production of venture plan What's more
screen those framework improvement lifecycle is required on be included in the improvement
period to improvement of the skeleton.
3.2 Development of the design
The breakdown structure is obliged to be made and the undertaking will be required to a
chance to be produced as stated by it. The one task supervisor may be mindful should relegate
the assets will every of the action incurred in the separate stages for project improvement
(Meinert et al. 2015). The plan of the project cam wood make computed from the task plan
Furthermore legitimate estimation of the plan and in the pre configuration period length of the
track and the scope range is needed with be recognized to estimation of the expense from
claiming design of the track. In the post configuration stage a exact Investigation will be needed
with a chance to be made Furthermore every last one of points of the system structure may be

8SYSTEM ENGINEERING AND ANALYSIS
obliged should be incorporated fir expanding the correctness of the figuring of the cosset of the
venture. Those support expense is additionally required will a chance to be included in the post
configuration dissection and reimbursement cosset of the present structure, restoration
Furthermore supplanting of the skeleton may be additionally incorporated in the support
expense. The framework of the framework will be made coating the predesigned stage and the
post plan period for the fruition of the outline advancement of the light rail travel skeleton.
The improvement condition of the undertaking relies on the accessibility of the specialists
and the help of the neighborhood Group to that task requirement. An arrangement dissection is
carried on the present system of the light rail schema of the city and the change that could a
chance to be committed is included to execution of the new outline result of the LRT (Patanakul
et al. 2016). The structure of the framework may be needed on a chance to be subdivided under
diverse Classes to assessment of the framework Furthermore outline those structure as stated by
those prerequisite of the task.
Human factors are also important for developing a project. Vision or sight, in accordance
with framework configuration, is typically restricted to the coveted vertical and flat fields.
Hearing: the designer needs to address both the prerequisites for oral interchanges and the parts
of commotion. Noise is for the most part viewed as a distracter and obstacle while considering
effectiveness of work achievement. The feeling of smell turns into a noteworthy issue in shut
spaces with poor ventilation. The feeling is essential in the outline of workstations. Just like the
feeling of adjust to forestall encounters like nausea and queasiness.

9SYSTEM ENGINEERING AND ANALYSIS
4. System testing, assessment, validation and optimization
4.1 System testing
An effective system design is required to a chance to be performed on the current schema
of the light rail travel. An system design building methodology may be oblige with a chance to
be connected on the testing technique to arranging of the steps required will make connected for
testing the base. Those arranging may be obliged on a chance to be illustrated for the creation of
a best possible configuration of the skeleton. Furthermore test the framework for assessment of
the ability of the light rail travel framework (Walter & Fellendorf, 2015). Those enter beginning
stage of the project may be needed with a chance to be chosen as stated by the framework
building approach and the highest point level execution of the venture is required to be assessed
to gathering the prerequisite of the task. A test successor will be obliged should make formed to
the assessment of the prerequisite. A combined redesign of the models will be needed should be
evaluated for the performing a post organization test Furthermore expand the effectiveness of the
improvement of the framework (Currie & Delbosc, 2014). The distinctive models accessible for
that organization of the light rail skeleton will be needed on make assessed for that assessment of
the present schema with the great model. Those tests confronted Eventually Tom's perusing the
fruitful model may be broke down and compared for the accessible models for deploying it
effectively and make the undertaking a triumph.
4.2 Evaluation of the project
The acceptance of the project is needed with make made after those thinking about those
venture with those fruitful tasks and a benchmark may be obliged to make situated to meeting the
personal satisfaction of the venture also run the test as stated by it (Cruz, Marques & Pereira,
2014). The hazard connected with the organization of the framework will be required should

10SYSTEM ENGINEERING AND ANALYSIS
make broke down as stated by the schema Furthermore it will be needed on make optimized as
stated by those cosset and management of the task will be likewise obliged on a chance to be
viewed as for the fruition of the one task. The disappointment modes and the impacts of the
examination is also needed on make figured out how to acceptance of the one task and
assessment of the hazard connected with the improvement of the venture.
4.3 Validation and optimization
The rationale might make connected and the information will be obliged with be
assembled to framework trying. The provision of the conceptualizing procedure is included in
the process (Herrera et al. 2015). Furthermore qualitative and quantitative Investigation might
make connected for the improvement of the current schema of the association. Those hazard of
the project is needed on make prioritized In view of those kind and the center and the yield of the
framework will be also needed should make controlled for controlling those procedure.. The
questionable matter and the reaction of the framework for those meaning of the plan and
proposition of the base need examination of the similarity of the project (Hensher, Ho & Mulley,
2015). The agreeability of the parts utilized for those advancement of the design and utilization
of the administration for examination of the reason and the schema of the venture to those
improvement of the task as stated by those framework improvement life cycle model.
5. Conclusion
From the above report card it might be finished up that that provision of the framework
improvement life cycle model in the improvement of the project will be imperative for that
triumph of the project. A preliminary plan will be obliged to make made for those task. The point
by point configuration comprised every last one of functionalities that would obliged with make

11SYSTEM ENGINEERING AND ANALYSIS
included and the procedure that is obliged to be chosen to the Advance of the task. The
acceptance of the task will be required on a chance to be chosen and the project will be required
should make tried different times to those acceptance of the purpose of the one task for the
degree of the improvement. The one task will be obliged will meet the targets situated to the
prosperity of the one task. The undertaking administration faculty may be required should have
the ability with meet to utilize separate venture administration instruments to the correct
estimation of the plan and the plan of the project Also screen those Advance of the one task as
stated by those prerequisite. That framework may be required to be tried as stated by the made
calendar and the plan of the one task will be. Additionally needed should a chance to be assessed
for the advancement of the project.
6. References
Dewobroto, W., Imran, I., Johan, E., & Yanto, S. (2017). Design and Construction of Steel–
Concrete Hybrid Piers for a Light Rail Transit System in Palembang, Indonesia. Practice
Periodical on Structural Design and Construction, 22(3), 05017002.
Greene, R. (2015, March). Vibration Control Design for Light Rail Transit: A Single Project
With the Full Rainbow of Vibration Control Features: Case Study. In 2015 Joint Rail
Conference (pp. V001T01A003-V001T01A003). American Society of Mechanical
Engineers.
Csenge, M. V., Qian, Y., Dersch, M. S., & Edwards, J. R. (2016). Resilient Concrete Crosstie
and Fastening System Designs for Light Rail, Heavy Rail, and Commuter Rail Transit
Infrastructure. In Proceedings: 11th World Congress on Railway Research.

12SYSTEM ENGINEERING AND ANALYSIS
Chaturvedi, V., & Kim, S. H. (2015). Long term energy and emission implications of a global
shift to electricity-based public rail transportation system. Energy Policy, 81, 176-185.
Sarmiento-Carnevali, M. L., Harrison, T. J., Dutta, S., Bemment, S. D., Ward, C. P., & Dixon, R.
(2017). Design, construction, deployment and testing of a full-scale Repoint Light track
switch (I).
Olesen, M. (2014). Framing light rail projects–Case studies from Bergen, Angers and Bern. Case
Studies on Transport Policy, 2(1), 10-19.
Barfield, W., & Dingus, T. A. (2014). Human factors in intelligent transportation systems.
Psychology Press.
Dziauddin, M. F., Powe, N., & Alvanides, S. (2015). Estimating the effects of light rail transit
(LRT) system on residential property values using geographically weighted regression
(GWR). Applied Spatial Analysis and Policy, 8(1), 1-25.
Meinert, M., Prenleloup, P., Schmid, S., & Palacin, R. (2015). Energy storage technologies and
hybrid architectures for specific diesel-driven rail duty cycles: Design and system
integration aspects. Applied Energy, 157, 619-629.
Patanakul, P., Kwak, Y. H., Zwikael, O., & Liu, M. (2016). What impacts the performance of
large-scale government projects?. International Journal of Project Management, 34(3),
452-466.
Walter, S., & Fellendorf, M. (2015). Long-Term Upgrade Strategy for Light Rail and Regional
Rail: Robust Methodological Approach. Transportation Research Record: Journal of the
Transportation Research Board, (2534), 38-47.

13SYSTEM ENGINEERING AND ANALYSIS
Currie, G., & Delbosc, A. (2014). Assessing bus rapid transit system performance in
Australasia. Research in Transportation Economics, 48, 142-151.
Cruz, C. O., Marques, R. C., & Pereira, I. (2014). Alternative contractual arrangements for
Urban light rail systems: Lessons from two case studies. Journal of Construction
Engineering and Management, 141(3), 05014017.
Herrera, V. I., Gaztañaga, H., Milo, A., Saez-de-Ibarra, A., Etxeberria-Otadui, I., & Nieva, T.
(2015, September). Optimal energy management of a battery-supercapacitor based light
rail vehicle using genetic algorithms. In Energy Conversion Congress and Exposition
(ECCE), 2015 IEEE (pp. 1359-1366). IEEE.
Hensher, D. A., Ho, C., & Mulley, C. (2015). Identifying resident preferences for bus-based and
rail-based investments as a complementary buy in perspective to inform project planning
prioritisation. Journal of Transport Geography, 46, 1-9.