Systematic Mistreatments of People Assignment

Social Policy
Student’s Name
University

Question one: Explain how the individuals of the Field of Practice/Population that you have
selected may or may not be Institutionally Oppressed.
The institution is defined by the systematic mistreatments of people within a social identity
group like for example healthcare which is normally supported and enforced by the society and
the social institutions. For example, in America, racism has defined the difference between
blacks and whites in the country for a long time to the extent that they have been institutionally
oppressed in access to healthcare (Kelly & Varghese, 2018). Through racism, individuals are
categorized based on their skin color, ethnicity or culture in a way that disadvantages their access
to healthcare. This means that through structural racism, there are patterns and practices within
the healthcare environment that penalize and exploit people in a racial way. Hardeman, Medina,
& Katy B. Kozhimannil (2016) argue that this is because the system affects attitudes, behaviors
and even beliefs that people within the healthcare environment to have towards others which
leads to oppression. The oppression creates inequalities in access which in turn leads to the
creation of racial health disparities within the population.
Question 2: Explain how Social Injustice is negatively impacting the lives of the individuals
of your selected Field of Practice/Population. Explain how Social Justice can improve their
lives.
Healthcare is a field of practice that requires the public to fund themselves through the
healthcare insurance plan. This means that the higher the investment, the higher the services that
one can receive. Social injustice in healthcare has been defined through discrimination where
some groups within the society are mistreated or sometimes denied access to certain services due
to the social criteria that have been defined by another person (Williams & Toni D. Rucker,
2012). In most cases, the social injustices in healthcare arise from the stereotypes that have been

formed against a certain segment of society. To address these challenges, social justice can be
used as a way of addressing the problem in healthcare through the development of diverse
healthcare delivery models. This ensures that the varying needs of the different populations
within the healthcare system are catered for.
Question3: Explain the Pros and Cons of both Models of Social Welfare: Institutional
(Universal) and Residual (Selective) in the United States of America.
The universal system of healthcare is based on providing healthcare services to all citizens which
are offered to all citizens regardless of their pay. This system is the best since it lowers the
healthcare costs for the population through government negotiated regulation (Okech &
Lelegwe, 2015). To meet this healthcare, the universal system of healthcare also leads to the
creation of a healthcare workforce that meets the public demands of patients since all of them are
funded by the government. However, the system has several disadvantages like the fact that it
places a high burden of health care to the government which leads to increased taxes in the
country. There is also the challenge of the quality of the services provided. Sometimes, the
healthcare costs may overwhelm the government budget thus leading to poor care delivery of
healthcare services.
The residual model of healthcare is based on the ability of the government to support the well-
being of people through safety net programs. The residual system focusses on ensuring that the
poor people can meet their healthcare needs through funding thus making it easy for them to
meet the healthcare needs of the population. In this case, it means that the role of the government
is to support the lower gradient of the population (Yang & Chen, 2017). The advantage of this
system is the fact that it assists poor people to access healthcare through reduced costs that are