Kinds of health problems faced by old age people

This research project aims to analyze the different types of health problems faced by old age people and their impact on personal life. It will also explore the reasons behind these issues and recommend ways to reduce them. The study will cover topics such as arthritis, hypertension, dementia, heart disease, osteoporosis, and depression. The research will provide valuable insights into the challenges faced by older individuals and help improve their quality of life.

Systematic Research

Table of Contents
Title - “Kinds of health problems that are suffered by old age people in old age stages.”..............1
Introduction......................................................................................................................................1
Background..................................................................................................................................1
Problem and Justification............................................................................................................2
Rationale of study........................................................................................................................2
Aims and objectives of research..................................................................................................2
Hypothesis...................................................................................................................................3
Literature Review.............................................................................................................................4
Types of health problems faced by old age people......................................................................4
Impact of health problems on personal life of older people........................................................5
Reasons behind occurrence of health issues among old age people............................................7
Ways in which health problems within older age people can be reduced...................................8
Research Methodology..................................................................................................................12
Types of investigation method...................................................................................................12
Research design.........................................................................................................................13
Data collection methods............................................................................................................13
Research approach.....................................................................................................................14
Research Philosophy..................................................................................................................14
Timescale for proposed plan (GANTT chart)...........................................................................15
Feasibility of the project............................................................................................................17
Ethical considerations................................................................................................................17
Possible Outcomes/ Result.............................................................................................................18
Conclusion.....................................................................................................................................19
REFERENCES..............................................................................................................................20

Title - “Kinds of health problems that are suffered by old age people in old
age stages.”
Introduction
There are different types of age problem that occur to people who belong to old age. Old age can
be described as the age which is nearing or surpassing the life expectancy of human being (Bauld
and et. al., 2018). In the life cycle age of human being, old age is the last age which and these
people are also called senior citizens. This can be frustrating for older person who is suffering
from old age problems along with this is affect other family member also (Ahnlund and et. al.,
2020). In this research project different types of health problems or issues through which old age
person suffer is identified as well as analysed properly. This research project will include proper
study of health issues and along with this, different health problems are also identified. This
research project will also cover different sources of data collection that will assist in gather
accurate data regarding research topic.
Background
Getting older one of the major issues of human being as it lead to bring any health and
mental issues. There are various kinds of problems and issues that is faced by person of old age
group (Torres, 2019). Old age is seem as daunting as it leads to greying of hair, wrinkles as well
as forgetting different things. It is very important to understand and determine different types of
issues and problem that is faced by people at older age (Wu and et. al., 2020). There are various
prevention measures that can be placed for loved one in order to path them for health age. These
preventions will support old age person to deal with issues as well as overcome old age problem.
This will support in health and better life of person at old age.
1

Problem and Justification
This research is developed in order to analyse as well as understand the various issues that
old age person have to deal with. There are many types of problems and challenges of health that
is faced person. The major health issues are related to chronic health conditions, cognitive health,
mental health, physical injury, malnutrition, sensory impairments, Oral health, bladder control or
constipation and many more. These are the major issues that affect he living style as well as
standards of people at old age. This research will support in identifying these problems as well
as the challenges that is faced by person at older age.
Rationale of study
It is very important to understand the different types of problems that which affect old age
person as well as their living habits. This study will help in identifying various issues and
problems in order to evaluate the solution to these problems (Frisby-Osman and Wood, 2020).
Through these aspects, researchers will be able to analyse the most common medical problems
and condition. It is very challenges for an old age person to live in these issues as well as manage
their day to day activities. it is crucial to analyse and identify the issues and challenges of old age
problems and along with this, different ways will be evaluated that assist in preventing illness
and issues.
Aims and objectives of research
Aim:
The main aim of this research proposal is “To analyse different kinds of health problems
that are suffered by old age people.”
Objectives:
Main objectives of this research proposal are as follows:
2

 To analyse types of health problems faced by old age people.
 To evaluate impact of health problems on personal life of older people.
 To analyse reasons because of which health issues occur among old age people.
 To recommend ways in which health problems within older age people can be reduced.
Hypothesis
Null hypothesis (HO): simulation has no impact on health problem on personal life of
older people.
Alternative hypothesis (H1): simulation highly impact on health problem on personal life
of older people.
3

Literature Review
Types of health problems faced by old age people
As per the view point of John (2020), it has been determined that there are different types of
health problems that is faced by old age people. It is crucial to identify and analyse these issues
as this will help in identifying the solution in order to resolve these problems (Cai and et. al.,
2020). Different types of health issues through which old age people have deal with.
Arthritis – This health problem refers as the breakdown of tissues inside the joints. Arthritis
health problem lead to cause pain, restrict movement of body, inflammation as well as weakness
(20 MOST COMMON MEDICAL CONDITIONS AFFECTING OLDER PEOPLE, 2020). It has
been identified that there are two types of Arthritis such as Osteoarthritis and Rheumatoid
Arthritis. This health problem is very common in older person.
Hypertension – This health problem is very long term health condition and in this blood
pressure is constantly elevated in arteries (Buffel, 2018). Hypertension will lead to put lots of
strain on blood vessels, heart as well as other organs of human body such as kidneys, this
medical condition is life threatening as in increase the chances of heath diseases, heart attacks,
Kidney disease, strokes and heart failure.
Dementia – This health problem can be describing as the issues of brain’s memory capacity.
This problem majorly occurs at old age people and in this issue person forget as well as find it
difficult to remember anything (Evans and et. al., 2020). Symptoms of dementia consist of
problems of conversation as in this person find it difficult to find right word. In this person will
find it difficult in judging the distance and along with this they forget where they are or what is
the date.
4

Heart Disease – According to the WHO report, heart disease is one of the most concerning
problem faced by old-age people. Adults over the age of 65, accounting for maximum deaths as
compared to other old-age. The chronic condition arises due to heart stroke affects men more
than adult women, as per survey conducted on Aging-Related Statistics by Federal Interagency
Forum (Torres, 2019). With growing people age, risk factors that put threat for people’s life also
increasing day by day, such risks include high blood pressure, high cholesterol, obesities and
more, which increases chances of heart stroke, development of heart related issues etc.
Osteoporosis – As age is increasing, the bone density of people lessens and may sometimes
reach at a point, where doing a simple action like standing up, sitting down and more, can cause
a severe fracture (Bauld and et. al., 2018). This may usually happen with adult people after
eighties or nineties which is known as osteoporosis. It has been estimated that half of the
population of old-age group (above age 70) are suffered due to this disease.
Depression – According to NHS Report, neat about 15 to 20 percent of people over age 65
years, have experienced high level of stress and depressive stage. This threat for senior health,
leads to lower immunity power of them, which compromise their ability to fight with spreading
infections (Wells and et. al., 2020). Depression is one of the frequently issue that might affect
almost all older people, due to feeling of loneliness, death of spouse, jobless and more other
situations. High stress and depressive stage also arise mental disorders among people at old age.
Impact of health problems on personal life of older people
According to viewpoint of Wells and et. al. (2020), it has been analysed that growing age
brings a lot of difficulties and health issues for people. As per National Council on Ageing, near
about 92% of adults today having at least one or more chronic issues. It includes heart disease,
diabetes, dementia, depression and more, which leads to cause 2/3rd death of adults each year.
5

Such diseases also put a severe health impact on their personal life as well (Anderson, Dabelko-
Schoeny and Fields, 2018). For example – As most of the adult people might face obesity as
growing problem, so, it creates difficulties for them to do daily routine works normally. Having
excessive weight encounters older people with other issues also like high cholesterol,
hypertension, diabetes, heart issues and more. Obesity causes sometime serious health
complications of older people also which resulting into morbidity (Chung, Seo and Lee, 2018).
In this regard, prevalence of such medical complications, includes increasing sugar level in body
that causes diabetes, hypertension, arthritis, cardiovascular disease, urinary incontinence, and
various types of cancers, is associated with obesity in advancing age Along with this, it also
leads to raise physical disabilities among people also, by severely affecting their joints. The
another main health issue that arise among adult over age 65, is dementia which includes
symptoms like loss of memory, lack of ability for making normal decisions, changes in
personality, mental disorders, problems with socialising with others and more (Evans and et. al.,
2020). So, this disease highly impacts the personal life of older.
Heart issues is another main problem which people after age of 65 usually face, that may
cause disability, limited more physical and mental work, eroding their quality of life and more.
So, when older people found to have heart-related problems, then a number of restrictions put on
their personal life (Rosa and et. al., 2018). They get advice to not to do more physical work,
minimize their cholesterol level by avoiding fatty and oily foods, etc. because all these things
increase high blood pressure as well as other risk factors, which includes increase risk of
developing atherosclerosis. So, they are forced to live rest of the life with more restriction, in
order to stay live for longer period (Verbeek and et. al., 2018). All such causes arise feeling of
6

loneliness among them also. People at old age who live alone and haven’t much time to spend
with friends and more, then social distancing in such manner, overwhelm loneliness in them.
Reasons behind occurrence of health issues among old age people
As per theoretical perspectives of Cai and et. al. (2020), it has been analysed that there are
number of reasons present that arise health problems for adults. It includes lack of attention
towards consuming health and nutritional food, poor lifestyle, addiction of alcohol, less of
physical exercise, lack of family’s attention and affection etc. (Robinson and et. al., 2019). All
such things lead to reduces metabolism and immunity power of them, which generates health
problems like heart-issues, obesity and more. Since healthy ageing considers as a lifelong
process, where patterns of some harmful behavior like smoking, alcohol consumption and more
at early stage of life, can reduce life quality. This would sometime result in early or premature
death. Along with this, factors that causes non-communicable diseases among older people
includes, poor diet or nutritional food, lack of physical activity, consumption of tobacco,
smoking and alcoholic drinks (Meyer and et. al., 2018). All these factors contribute in terms of
development of the chronic conditions. It includes diabetes, cancer, cardiovascular diseases,
arthritis, chronic respiratory diseases, dementia or mental disorders, which are accounted for an
estimated of over 86% of older people’s deaths within European Region (Risk factors of ill
health among older people, 2020). So, it has been evaluated that the most disadvantaged groups
i.e. people having poor lifestyle (unhealthy eating) are at great risk of this burden.
However, smoking, lack of physical exercise, seem to have long-term effects, therefore,
changing in these aspects prove beneficial for people at any age. The risk related to premature
death or occurrence of non-communicable diseases among people, actually increases by 50% if
start smoking at early age (Burholt and et. al., 2019). As per WHO report, physical activity,
7

intake of healthy food, morning walk and other good activities, evidence the contribution of
better quality of like. While lack of these activities, results to cause chronic health issues among
adults that aged over 65 years and above. Less active individuals, that both men and women are
at higher risk of increase rates of factors, blood pressure, causing mortality, breast cancer in
woman, coronary heart disease, brain stroke, diabetes (type 2), colon cancer, cardiorespiratory as
well as muscular fitness, etc.
Social factors related issues also significantly impact on people’s life in both physical and
mental level (Barnes, Gahagan and Ward, 2018). Some of the factors that are considered as
major contributors for increasing social or psychological problems under people of old age
includes – Loneliness after losing the spouse, relatives or loved ones; Lack of ability to manage
regular activities of live independently or at own level; Difficulty in coping with physical
changes during aging like wrinkles, grey hair or more; Frustration from ongoing medical health
problems or facing restrictions to take oily and unhealthy food; Social isolation when children
after adult age spend less time with them; Boredom after retirement from jobs, feeling unable to
do routine activities appropriately; and Stressed life due to financial issues etc. (King and et. al.,
2018). All these aspects impact directly on physical and mental state of people, which ultimately
increase risk of old-age problems.
Ways in which health problems within older age people can be reduced
According to Cherrill Hicks (2020), it has been determined that ailments in people at older
age may seem unavoidable. But if some actions will be taken with growing age, then they keep
their healthy state more longer (How to avoid age-related illness, 2020). It also boosts chance of
their healthy old age as well as able them to live more longer. However, some diseases like
cancer, diabetes and other genetic issues can be inherited from parents to their offsprings. But
8

taking following steps minimise risk of such harmful diseases and prevent them against chronic
health conditions –
Maintain a healthy weight: If people are overweight (at the age of 40 or above), then
structured type of weight loss programme, diet chart, regular exercise and more, especially under
guidance of health professional, may help them in maintaining body weight index (Evans and et.
al., 2020). Controlling the increased weight is enough for reducing chance of chronic issues like
heart-problems, obesity, arthritis and more. For this purpose, to timely aware of weight
increasing type of issues, people are needed to regularly take waist measurement – for men 94cm
and above and for women 80cm and above indicates health risk.
Stop smoking: Consuming tobacco or smoking causes a number of risk factors like damage
the arteries, respiratory issues, lung cancer and more (Czaja and et. al., 2019). Along with this, it
increases mouth causing problems, risk of stomach, cervical cancer and so on. Therefore, people
at any age are needed to not only stop smoking but also avoid to live within smoky atmosphere.
While at adult stage to quit smoking they may take help of health professionals also.
Drink less alcohol: Intake of alcohol in excessive amount causes risk factor for numerous
cancers, digestive problem, heart issues and more (Ahnlund and et. al., 2020). In addition to this,
it also impacts on nervous system which further bring risks like mental disorders also. Therefore,
it is essential for people especially after 40, needs to consumer less or alcoholic free drinks. If
adult people are already addicted to consume alcoholic drinks, they are required to consult
doctors to overcome from the same.
Eat a healthy diet: People at all stages of age must include daily portions of health foods
like fruit and vegetables (reduces risk of cancer), plenty of cereals and wholegrain bread and
cereals (minimize risk of bowel cancer), less amount of saturated fat (cut risk to breast cancer)
9

etc. They need to avoid eating less red or processed meat because such foods increase risk factor
for stomach and bowel cancer (Frisby-Osman and Wood, 2020). Furthermore, reducing amount
of salt in food will lead them to control high BP issues, while eating less fatty or junk foods
reduce risk of heart causing problems.
Exercise regularly: Doing flexibility and balance exercise regularly, morning walk,
meditations, swimming, cycling, resistance and strength training etc., support people at all age to
keep their body fit. It also helps in improving and increasing quality of life, with minimising risk
of obesity, maintaining BMI (Body Mass Index) and more, for longer period of time (Harvey and
et. al., 2018).
Furthermore, as per opinion of Anderson, Dabelko-Schoeny and Fields (2018), it has been
analysed that good quality of life is highly important for people at their old age, especially those
who are facing chronic health conditions as well as other life challenges. Therefore, to help them
to deal with these issues, it is essential for care takers or service providers to provide positive
view of life for them to reduce their level of stress and prevent them for further cognitive decline
(Wildenbos, Peute and Jaspers, 2018). For this purpose, a number of ways can be adopted to help
older adults for improving their quality of life. It includes treating depressive stage of old age
population, where more than 6.5 millions of people above 65 are facing mental health issues. So,
depression due to socially distraction, detachment from family members, losing the spouse and
any other factor, could increase stressful life (Rosa and et. al., 2018). It also causes medical
issues like cardiovascular disease, dementia and more. Therefore, consulting with psychologist
after recognizing any sign of depression, would help in improving life-quality of them. Engaging
older in game and fun loving activities like clipping coupons, organizing drawers, folding
laundry, opening mail, trimming vegetables, etc. would help in turning negative attitude of them
10

towards positive way, for improving life-expectancy (Chung, Seo and Lee, 2018). Along with
this, encouraging the regular physical activities, also improve lower blood pressure, boost
immune system, improves sleep apnea problems, relives from anxiety and more. It also improves
strength and stamina of old people, which further leads to overcome from physical barriers also,
with improvement in physical and mental functionalities as well.
11

Research Methodology
Types of investigation method
For conducting a research, it is the foremost step of researchers to take decisions about
methodologies which helps in investigating the work more efficient (Harvey and et. al., 2018).
This would help in developing numerous strategies, along with measuring feasibility of each, to
evaluate which could be applied for carrying out the whole study in specific manner. In this
regard, before making ideas about which method i.e. either qualitative or quantitative fit with
objectives in a better way, it is imperative for project makers to evaluate concept of both first.
Giving priority to evaluate concept of these two investigation methods, aid them to assist
particular work efficiently (Anderson, Dabelko-Schoeny and Fields, 2018). Qualitative research
technique, mainly incorporates in a project when objectives are needed to be addressed only by
theoretical analysis. For this purpose, investigation could be done by collection information from
authentic sources like numerous articles, books and journals, etc., after then summarise the same
to meet research objectives. In contrast to this methodology, quantitative research is done
completely in opposite way. Instead of taking secondary sources, primary investigation is mainly
done in this method, where researchers prepare a proper template to get feedback or perception
of a targeted population, by randomly or non-randomly selected the small sample of respondents
from the same (Chung, Seo and Lee, 2018). After collecting the information, mathematical or
statistical tools and techniques are applied on primary data, to conclude desired results.
In context with present research, since topic is based on particular segment of healthcare
sector i.e. problems faced by people with growing age (above 65), so, qualitative research
technique is chosen to investigate the work. Because it is a vast topic with a large population
(older-age group of people), therefore, primary techniques cannot be applied on the same.
12

Research design
It is another main section of research after selection of investigation method, which entails
the overall strategy going to carry out for work. Designing research states about actions and
plans required for employing numerous tools and techniques, with different components into the
project activities (Verbeek and et. al., 2018). Such research designs that could be employed
within a project are include descriptive and inferential. With respect to present report,
researchers have chosen to apply descriptive research design for conducting investigation into
qualitative manner.
Data collection methods
After selection of investigation methods and designing overall strategy of research, next
step for researchers is to apply suitable data collection methods, for carrying the work ahead.
Data collection method is one of the important part of research, which entails a number of
techniques that could be used for collecting, analysing, interpreting and obtaining the result. It
includes primary and secondary collection methods (Rosa and et. al., 2018). As per name
suggests, primary data collection helps in conducting primary survey on a targeted population,
via self-questionnaire, open and closed ended interviews, group discussion and more. While on
contrast, secondary method includes published or non-published sources for collecting
information. Such sources include online and scholarly articles, books, journals, government
census report, public authorised data and more, which provide a large platform to collect relevant
information about chosen topic (Robinson and et. al., 2019). It is recognised as the key
consideration for carrying out study, that helps investigators to carry out research more
13

specifically. In this regard, among these two methods, researchers have chosen to apply
secondary sources only, for collecting secondary information on health issues faced by adults at
above age 65.
Research approach
Similar to above described methodologies, it is required by investigators to understand the
importance of research also (Meyer and et. al., 2018). It entails plan and specific procedure that
could be employed to execute each chosen methodology or techniques in a right manner.
Basically, two main types of approach could be applied into investigation work as - inductive
and deductive. The inductive approach focused only on specific pattern of study, by observing,
applying detailed theories on chosen area and so on. Therefore, doesn’t rely on gathering past
information to prove hypothesis via theoretical perspectives (Burholt and et. al., 2019). While on
other hand, another main approach is deductive one, which involves hypothesis exploration
through designing the specific hypothetical test. Under the present research, to address the
objectives, inductive approach has been applied.
Research Philosophy
This section of research also covers its own importance in terms of gathering,
accumulating as well as analysing the information. Research philosophy like Interpretivism,
positivism and more, helps in designing each chosen methodology in proper way. Hereby,
positivism philosophy aid to determine the research problem in terms of objective analysis
(Barnes, Gahagan and Ward, 2018). But on contrast, Interpretivism emphasis more with
evaluation of qualitative gathered information. As qualitative research approach is chosen for
investigating the present report, therefore, Interpretivism research philosophy to analyse health
issues faced by old-age population has been employed.
14

Timescale for proposed plan (GANTT chart)
For completion of a project in given period of time, it would be essential for project
makers to allocate proper duration to each activity first (King and et. al., 2018). For attainment of
this purpose, methods like Gantt Chart technique can be used, for framing each and every task in
a fixed duration of time, which further leads to maintain efficiency and feasibility of entire work.
In this context, to meet project deadline of present research, activities and time-period of each is
set through Gantt Chart method is mentioned as beneath –
ACTIVITES WEEK 1
WEEK
2
WEEK
3
WEEK
4
WEEK
5
WEEK
6
WEEK
7
WEEK
8
WEEK
9
Submission
of research
proposal
Complete
background
information
for research
project
Collect
secondary
sources of
information
for research
15

project
Complete research
methodology and
collect primary and
secondary sources of
information
Complete
collecting
data for study
and present
the result
Determining
Budget
Data
Interpretation
and analysis
Evaluating
results and
findings
Complete the
report and
submit the
final report
16

Feasibility of the project
This section also considers as equally important as other research methods, that helps
researchers to underpin the key drives that increase success variability of their project (Buffel,
2018). For this purpose, five main steps could be applied to check feasibility of research. It
includes determining the project drivers like IT system, budget constraints and more (Czaja and
et. al., 2019). Then identify alternative solutions which could be employed to make investigation
of work as compared with chosen methodologies more efficient. After then, check feasibility of
each alternative solution that will help in maintaining efficient and ethics of research, so that
better choice can be made for increasing success of project deliverables.
Ethical considerations
As effectiveness of research outcomes can only be measured by considering the way of
conducting the investigation work (Wildenbos, Peute and Jaspers, 2018). Therefore, for this
purpose, it is foremost duty of researchers to analyse importance of ethics and way of collecting
the information. In this regard, to maintain ethics, data is gathered only from authenticate
sources, whose copyright is given to summarise the information.
17

Possible Outcomes/ Result
From all over discussion, it has been interpreted that with the growing aging process,
problems like age-related functional, sensory disabilities and physical harness are mainly
affected the people of aged over 65. With decreased visual and aural acuity, loss of balance,
difficulty in terms of mobility, fine dexterity and more, people of old-age population highly face
complexities. Therefore, under such conditions, due to physical limitation and result of
disabilities, adult people of age above 65, could no longer live alone at their homes. They need
extra and appropriate care to live rest of life. With growing age, people face difficulties in social
gathering, so, it increases feeling of isolation under them, which further increases problems like
dementia, mental disorder and other issues. Along with this, increased level of stress also results
in arising cardiovascular problems among the old-age populations. Therefore, considering all
these facts that shows factors which causes growing age problems and reduces life-expectancy of
people, it is expected that this research would help health-care service providers and care-takers
to develop better policies, for improving well-being state of people. For this purpose, methods
like aging-simulation as new pedagogical device can be used, to identify the experience faced by
old-age population due to functional and sensory limitations. By deeply analysing the effects of
aging-simulation experience, professionals and care-takers can apply better approaches to meet
unmet needs of older populations.
18

Conclusion
It has been concluded from all over research that due to poor life-style, smoking and alcohol
addiction conditions, people with growing age especially after 65, faces a number of health
problems. This would raise difficulties like physical limitations, for such population to live rest
of the life without support of others. Along with this, it also reduces life-expectancy of people
belong to old-age population. Therefore, it is essential for health-care professionals, service
providers or public authorities to prepare community health assessment assessments, to analyse
their problems and make plans for increasing life-expectancy of people.
19

REFERENCES
Books and Journal
Ahnlund, P. and et. al., 2020. Prevalence and correlates of sexual, physical, and psychological
violence against women and men of 60 to 74 years in Sweden. Journal of interpersonal
violence. 35(5-6). pp.1539-1561.
Anderson, K., Dabelko-Schoeny, H. and Fields, N. L., 2018. Home-and community-based
services for older adults: Aging in context. Columbia University Press.
Barnes, M., Gahagan, B. and Ward, L., 2018. Re-imagining old age: Wellbeing, care and
participation. Vernon Press.
Bauld, L. and et. al., 2018. Caring for older people: an assessment of community care in the
1990s. Routledge.
Buffel, T., 2018. Social research and co-production with older people: Developing age-friendly
communities. Journal of aging studies. 44. pp.52-60.
Burholt, V. and et. al., 2019. A critical review and development of a conceptual model of
exclusion from social relations for older people. European Journal of Ageing, pp.1-17.
Cai, W. and et. al., 2020. Predictors of mortality in people with late-life depression: A
retrospective cohort study. Journal of Affective Disorders.
Chung, J., Seo, J. Y. and Lee, J., 2018. Using the socioecological model to explore factors
affecting health‐seeking behaviours of older Korean immigrants. International journal of
older people nursing. 13(2). p.e12179.
Czaja, S. J. and et. al., 2019. Designing for older adults: Principles and creative human factors
approaches. CRC press.
Evans, K. and et. al., 2020. Psychiatric and Mental Health Nursing in the Uk, E-Book. Elsevier.
20

Frisby-Osman, S. and Wood, J. L., 2020. Rethinking How We View Gang Members: An
Examination into Affective, Behavioral, and Mental Health Predictors of UK Gang-
Involved Youth. Youth Justice, p.1473225419893779.
Harvey, G. and et. al., 2018. Achieving integrated care for older people: shuffling the deckchairs
or making the system watertight for the future?. International journal of health policy
and management. 7(4). p.290.
King, L. and et. al., 2018. A mixed methods thematic review: Health‐related decision‐making by
the older person. Journal of clinical nursing. 27(7-8). pp.e1327-e1343.
Meyer, C. and et. al., 2018. ‘Falls not a priority’: insights on discharging older people, admitted
to hospital for a fall, back to the community. Australian journal of primary health. 24(1).
pp.66-73.
Robinson, M. and et. al., 2019. Extending the comfort zone: building resilience in older people
with long-term conditions. Journal of Applied Gerontology. 38(6). pp.825-848.
Rosa, F. and et. al., 2018. Experiences of older people following an acute exacerbation of
chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: a phenomenological study. Journal of clinical
nursing. 27(5-6). pp.e1110-e1119.
Torres, S., 2019. Aging alone, gossiping together: Older adults’ talk as social glue. The Journals
of Gerontology: Series B. 74(8). pp.1474-1482.
van Zaalen. and et. al., 2018. Technology implementation in delivery of healthcare to older
people: how can the least voiced in society be heard?. Journal of Enabling Technologies.
Verbeek, H. and et. al., 2018. Community mental health teams for older people in England:
Variations in ways of working. International journal of geriatric psychiatry. 33(3).
pp.475-481.
21

Wells, J. and et. al., 2020. The experiences of older adults with a diagnosed functional mental
illness, their carers and healthcare professionals in relation to mental health service
delivery: An integrative review. Journal of clinical nursing, 29(1-2), pp.31-52.
Wildenbos, G. A., Peute, L. and Jaspers, M., 2018. Aging barriers influencing mobile health
usability for older adults: A literature based framework (MOLD-US). International
journal of medical informatics, 114, pp.66-75.
Wu, C.Y. and et. al., 2020. Utilization of healthcare and psychotropic medication in elderly and
non-elderly people with first self-poisoning episodes: A nationwide population-based
cohort study. The European Journal of Psychiatry.
Online
20 MOST COMMON MEDICAL CONDITIONS AFFECTING OLDER PEOPLE. 2020.
[Online]. Available through:< https://www.lifeline24.co.uk/medical-conditions/>.
Risk factors of ill health among older people. 2020. [Online]. Available through:
<http://www.euro.who.int/en/health-topics/Life-stages/healthy-ageing/data-and-
statistics/risk-factors-of-ill-health-among-older-people>.
How to avoid age-related illness. 2020. [Online]. Available through:<
https://www.theguardian.com/lifeandstyle/2009/jun/02/how-to-avoid-age-related-
illnesses >.
22

23