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Systematic Review Assignment PDF

   

Added on  2021-06-14

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Running head: SYSTEMATIC REVIEW 1Factors Associated with Non-Adherence to Postpartum Diabetes Screening Name:Institutional Affiliation:

SYSTEMATIC REVIEW 2Articles Chosen for ReviewHunt, K. J., & Conway, D. L. (2008). Who returns for postpartum glucose screening following gestational diabetes mellitus?. American Journal of Obstetrics & Gynecology, 198(4), 404-e1.Lawrence, J. M., Black, M. H., Hsu, J. W., Chen, W., & Sacks, D. A. (2010). Prevalence and timing of postpartum glucose testing and sustained glucose dysregulation after gestationaldiabetes mellitus. Diabetes Care, 33(3), 569-576.McCloskey, L., Bernstein, J., Winter, M., Iverson, R., & Lee-Parritz, A. (2014). Follow-up of gestational diabetes mellitus in an urban safety net hospital: missed opportunities to launch preventive care for women. Journal of Women's Health, 23(4), 327-334.McGovern, A., Butler, L., Jones, S., van Vlymen, J., Sadek, K., Munro, N., ... & de Lusignan, S. (2014). Diabetes screening after gestational diabetes in England: a quantitative retrospective cohort study. Br J Gen Pract, 64(618), e17-e23.AbstractGestational Diabetes Mellitus (GDM) for a very long period has been perceived as a complication during pregnancy that resolves itself after childbirth. On the contrary, studies have established that the disease can affect lifetime health complications if not diagnosed and treated during its early stages of development. More specifically, women who have been diagnosed withGMD have a potential risk of developing type 2 diabetes mellitus. As a result, type 2 diabetes mellitus should be screened to provide the diabetic status of the patient. Particularly, the screening is important since type 2 diabetes mellitus has a long symptomatic period in which the condition can be detected. Despite the international availability of international guidelines

SYSTEMATIC REVIEW 3available for postpartum diabetes screening, the adherence to these guidelines is still very poor. The objective of this review was to synthesize the factors associated with non-adherence to postpartum diabetes screening. A retrospective study was performed on a cohort of patients with gestational diabetes mellitus from January 2008 to January 2018. The diagnosis was based on theIADPSG criteria. On the other hand, the diagnosis of type 2 diabetes mellitus was based on ADA’s criteria designed in 2016. The women selected for this cohort were given appointments, which were scheduled between 6 and 12 weeks postpartum. Of the 148 of the women studied, only 20 returned for postpartum screening. The results indicated that 45% of those who came back for postpartum screening had history of diabetes. There is no significance for clinical and demographic variables such as ethnicity, smoking, and age. A significant majority of women showed non-adherence to postpartum screening guidelines. The factors that contributed to this non-adherence were patient’s views relating to postpartum follow-up, obstetric, and socio-demographic factors.Keywords: Gestational Diabetes Mellitus, postpartum, type 2 diabetes, screening, variables.BackgroundGestational Diabetes Mellitus is diagnosed during the late second or early third trimester of pregnancy that is associated with type 2 diabetes mellitus. The condition is caused by dysglycemia as articulated by American Diabetes Association Standards of Diabetes Care (2017).Gestational Diabetes Mellitus is a potential risk factor for the development of type 2 diabetes mellitus during the postpartum period. In particular, patients with Gestational Diabetes Mellitus normally develop the type 2 diabetes mellitus after a period of 5 to 16 years. The time taken for the patients diagnosed with Gestational Diabetes Mellitus to show type 2 diabetes

SYSTEMATIC REVIEW 4mellitus is influenced by the population studied (Nabuko et al, 2016) and the screening methods employed for a particular study (Grant, 2016). The level of glucose tolerance varies from 11% to 42% for type 2 diabetes mellitus patients and impaired fasting glycemia respectively (Carson, Frank, & Keely, 2013).According to Association of Brazil (2017), the increase in the number of case of women reported to have Gestational Diabetes Mellitus is attributed to increase in cases of obesity. Specifically, the cases of obese women have increased by over 11% since 2003 particularly for women aged 20 and above. This increase has proven to be a risk factor for Gestational Diabetes Mellitus. Further, International Association of Diabetes and Pregnancy Study shows Gestational Diabetes Mellitus women aged over 20 years have a prevalence of 18% (Trujillo, 2015). As highlighted by National Collaborating Centre for Women’s and Children’s Health (2015), the risk factors of Gestational Diabetes Mellitus include advanced age of maternity, history of diabetes among family members, obesity, and history of polycystic ovary syndrome. Additionally, Parlea & Feig (2014) indicates that in vitro fertilization as well as low levels of vitamin D is also potential risk factors for the development of Gestational Diabetes Mellitus. The increase in the number of cases of obese women negatively affects the diagnosis of type 2 diabetes. Studies indicate that the number of women who are not diagnosed with type 2 diabetes mellitus is related to obesity (Lawrence & Contresas, 2015). For this reason, it is recommended that all women be tested for type 2 diabetes mellitus during their first pregnancy visits (International Diabetes Federation, 2015). Postpartum diagnosis is a vital process that all women should consider participate in such programs. As highlighted earlier, Gestational Diabetes Mellitus is a risk factor for type 2 diabetes mellitus (Buchanan & Xiang’, 2015). The postpartum screening provides a route for assessing the women who could benefit when

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