The Systemic Sexually Transmitted Infection
Added on 2020-04-13
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Disease and DisordersPublic and Global HealthHealthcare and Research
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Running head: CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY 1Clinical Microbiology Name Institution
CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY 2CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY1) SYPHILISa. EpidemiologySyphilis is the systemic sexually-transmitted infection. Its etiologic agent is called Treponemapallidum. It is a chronic disease in absence of treatment. It develops in phases marred with activeillness episodes interrupted by latent infections episodes. The duration for incubation isapproximated to range between ten and ninety days (3-weeks on average). It has often beenknown as “the great imitator” since much of its symptoms and signs could be quite challengingto differentiate from the ones of illnesses (Smolak et al. 2017). Early clinical display (primaryand secondary phases) mainly encompass mucosal and skin surfaces, albeit secondary illness is asystemic. Latent illness lacks clinical symptoms or signs. Delayed display might impact nearlyall organ systems. Neurosyphilis is able to take place irrespective of syphilis’ stage. The primarytransmission routes include vertical (in utero from infected expectant female to her fetus viahematogenous) and sexual. The ill person is mainly transmissible to sex associates in the courseof both secondary and primary infection phases. Here, infectious lesions or rash remainavailable. Syphilis is increasing especially amongst bisexual, gay and other men who have sexwith men.b. PathogenesisTreponema pallidum is the syphilis’ etiologic agent with subspecies being pallidum. This is acorkscrew-shaped. It is a motile microaerophilic bacterium. It can never be cultured in vitro. It isas thin as 0.10 to 0.180 micrometers in diameter. It is a bit longer (6 to 20 micrometers) thandiameter of white blood cells (WBCs). T. pallidum can never be viewed by ordinary lightmicroscopy.
CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY 3In terms of penetration, it getts into human body via skin alongside muccous membrane throuhabrasions macroscopically and microscopically in the course of sexual intercouse. It can furtherbe transplacentally trasnmitted to fetus from mother in course of pregnancy. In respect ofdissemination, T. palidum access circulatory system (regional lymph nodes and lymphaticsystem) before clinical signs/symptoms appear (first hours to days of infection). Central nervioussystem’s inverson can ensue in the course of any phase of syphilis. c. Diagnosis
CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY 4Physical Examination: A comprehensive exam entails checking oral cavity, skin of torso,lymph nodes, genitalia/perianal area, soles and palms for infection signs. Examination of pelvicneeds to be undertaken on female patients (Newman et al., 2013). A neurologic examinationneeds to be completed with concentration on cranial nerves. Such nerves include optic (II),oculomotor (III), facial (VI, VII) and auditory (VIII). Examination of abdomen is done fortenderness of liver. Lab: Early syphilis diagnoses are done through darkfield microscopy test forlesion tissue of exudate. Here, T. pallidum is identified with its spiral shape.d. TreatmentPenicillin G is administered parenterally as the favored drug treatment for each syphilis’ stage.Preparation (s) aqueous procaine, aqueous crystalline or benzathine; dosage, alongside treatmentduration rely on phase and clinical manifestations of syphilis.
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