This quiz covers topics such as compound keys, DDL, distinct keyword, character and string data types, and more in Systems Analysis and Database Design.
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Systems Analysis and Database Design: Quiz 3 Name Institution Professor Course Date
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Question Two A compound key in the database is used to uniquely identify data occurrence with more than one attribute or columns. Ideally, composite keys are used when there are non-composite candidate keys. The use of composite keys is dependent on the personal need of any database developer. It can be used when the developer wants the primary key in a given table has to achieve a predefined purpose (Asha, Kumar & Kumar 2014, pp. 2232). With the use of compound keys, it has been possible to normalize data which cannot be achieved with just a single primary key entity attribute. Finally, DDL is used to strengthen referential integrity to the data. In cases where data tables have many records, use of single entity in the database does not guarantee strong entity keys. Question Six Data Definition Language (DDL) is a computer and database based language which is used by database administrators to interact and modify database objects. In this case, database objects can be table views, indexes, and schemas. In Structured Query Language (SQL), some of the commonly used DDL’s are create, drop and alter commands (Meijer & Bierman 2011, pp. 30). Through the use of DDL, it has been possible to interact and manipulate database through the use of Data Manipulation Language (DML). Important to note is that without DDL, it is not possible to have DML. Therefore, DDL server as the basis of all database operations and manipulations such as DML and TCL. Question Seven The distinct keyword is used in conjunction with other data manipulation language such as select. The distinct keyword is used in the structured query language (SQL) to eliminate
tables’ duplicates records (Akomolafe, Timothy & Ofere 2014, pp. 318). The main goal of using distinct keyword help in fetching that exact number of records instead of retrieving unnecessary data. An example of the use of distinct keyword select records from table gam by correlating the attribute acid from another table named dtd. In this case, the acid attribute has been used as the primary key on table gam and as the primary key in a table named dtd. select distinct foracid, acid, clr_bal_amt from tbaadm.gam where acid in (select acid from tbaadm.dtd where acid='00108484'); Question Eight Character and string data types can broadly be classified into; char, varchar (max), text, and varchar types. With these different data string types, they are used to store various types of data into database tables. The data accepted in these columns are unique in such a way that a mix of data attributes cannot be accepted in the database (Asha, Kumar & Kumar 2014, pp. 2232). The char string type offers a fixed storage size in the specified column. The length of the string can extend up to 8,000 characters, and when a less short string is assigned to the data type, trailing spaces are appended to fill the required length. Next, varchar type can store a variable size of up to 8,000 characters but does not append the trailing spaces. Additionally, text data types are used to store a large amount of data. Finally, varchar (max) is almost similar to standard varchar types, but it has different internal structure and functionality as it is much closer to text data types.
Question Nine The “like” operator would be able to match all attributes with some characters at the left side and followed by character “a” and are in the range of m-p and q-t with subjected attributes starting with specified character values (Kohler, Link & Zhou 2015, pp. 1119). An example can be from string “data” would be selected if it is between m-p and q-t provided it has character “a” as the predecessor character. Question Ten The SQL keyword “is” mainly used in circumstances where a certain attribute is believed to have a “null” value. In database language, null attributes mean the data instance is unknown or not applicable. In cases where data attribute is believed to be null, other operators such as “=, > and <" are not applicable during the data retrieval process. The “is” keyword is different from assignment operator “=” in that it is used to search for none-applicable data attributes (Varga, Janosi & Kalman 2016, pp. 232). On the same note, "=" is used to assign values to variables in SQL but not in Oracle which use ":=" as the assignment operator.
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Bibliography Akomolafe, D.T., Timothy, N. and Ofere, F., 2014. Using a database management system to develop and implement an automated motor vehicle management system.European Scientific Journal, ESJ,10(24), pp. 313-322. Asha, N., Kumar, M.V. and Kumar, C.B., 2014. Construction of Database Design-A Reverse Engineering Process.International Journal of Computer Science and Information Technologies, Vol. 5 (2), 2231-2234 Kohler, H., Link, S. and Zhou, X., 2015. Possible and certain SQL keys.Proceedings of the VLDB Endowment,8(11), pp.1118-1129. Letkowski, J., 2014. Doing database design with MySQL.Journal of Technology Research,6(1), pp.1-15. Meijer,E. and Bierman,G., 2011. Aco-relationalmodelof datafor largeshareddata banks.Queue,9(3), p.30. Varga, V., Janosi, K.T. and Kalman, B., 2016. Conceptual design of document NoSQL database with formal concept analysis.Acta Polytech. Hungarica,13(2), pp.229-248.