Analysis of Future Trends in Tourism Industry

The assignment requires a thorough analysis of the future trends in the tourism industry, focusing on the impact of online Word-of-Mouth (WOM) on destination trust and intention to travel. The report should also include an examination of the travel marketing, tourism economics, and airline product. Additionally, the assignment asks students to discuss the role of technology in the tourism industry, including smart tourism technologies and their influence on travel planning.

Table of Contents
INTRODUCTION...........................................................................................................................2
The development of the travel and tourism industry, and they have shaped the travel and
tourism.........................................................................................................................................3
industry........................................................................................................................................3
The different factors that affect Tourism behaviour....................................................................5
Models of motivation and how they influence the consumer decision-making process............6
The emerging patterns and trends in the international travel and tourism industry....................7
The factors affecting the popularity of range of global destinations...........................................8
CONCLUSION................................................................................................................................9
REFERENCES..............................................................................................................................10

INTRODUCTION
The project report will explain the development of the travel and tourism industry and will
explicate how it is shapes the industry. It will identify the various elements of tourism and travel
and will define its interrelationship to create the tourist experience. The study will define the
factors driving tourist behaviour and will elaborate the models of motivation which influence the
decision-making process of the consumers. Furthermore, it will evaluate the current patterns
and key trends in travel and tourism industry. Lastly, it will determine the factors affecting the
current levels of popularity of different global destinations.
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The development of the travel and tourism industry, and they have shaped the travel and
tourism
industry
The travel and tourism is one of the fastest growing industries in the United Kingdom. It
also influences the overall economy of the country.
Milestone in Travel and Tourism Industry
Dates Development/Milestone
4850 B.C.
to 715 B.C.
At the starting of the human evolution the concept of the travel and tourism is used
to take as the sense of the adventure and curiosity for the society. The Egyptians
started travelling in the centralized locations.
1760 B.C.
to 1075
B.C.
The Shang Dynasty established trade routes for the distant.
1100 BC. to
8000 B.C.
The Phoenician has developed a sailing fleets for travel and trade within their
Empire.
900 B.C. to
200 B.C.
The Greeks has developed the currency and languages as a result the services
emerged as the City states which becomes destinations (Prebežac, Schott and
Sheldon, 2016).
500 B.C. to
300 A.D.
The Romans has improved the roads and legal system which further leads to travel
for commerce pleasure and adventure.
A.D 1096
to A.D
1295
The European has travelled to take the Beatified lands from the Muslims control.
A.D 1275
to A.D.
1295
The Macro Polo's travelled to Far East which has created interest in the trade and
travel among the people.
By 14th to
16th
centuries
The trade routes has being developed as a growing merchants into territories.
In 18th and
19th
centuries
There is industrial revolution which give rise to the technological advances, For
making the trade and travel comparatively more efficient and for expanding the
markets. For increasing the personal incomes it is necessity of the business and for
creating the leisure activity.
In the 1841 The Thomas cook Group has conduct the first tour for the tourist in the England.
Thomas Cook Group is the Hospitality and tourism company (Bowen and Whalen,
2017). The Company is established in the year 2007 on 19 June. It is founded by
the Thomas Cook. It is the first one who took concept of travel and tourism both
together.
Later on,
in the year
1903
Wright Brothers has developed a new era of flight by flying their first handmade
aircraft.
In the year
1913
The Westinghouse Corporation institutes started paying the holiday tours to the
workers as a compensative benefit.
In the year
1914
The Henry ford has started producing the Model T. In the year 1919 the scheduled
airline is flight between the London and Paris.
In the year
1950
The Diners Club has introduced the first Credit card which provoke the tourist to
make payments of the hotel rooms and restaurants and this further benefits to the
Travel and Tourism sector.
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In the year
1952
the Jet passenger service travel between London and Johannesburg in the South
Africa. There is rapid expansion of the Motel and Hotel chains in the year 1952, In
the year 1984 the Hong Kong and Macao tour is approved by the state council of
the china.
2000 Trip advisers and Travel agencies are founded in the year 2000 which promote
travel and tourism industry (Abubakar and Ilkan, 2016). Another development is
being done in Travel and Tourism industry when a person named Dennis Tito has
launches space tourism by paying $20 million as for the 80 days a holiday trip in the
International Space Station.
In the year
2002
The Euro currency is being introduced which provide liberalisation to the members
in order to travel within European Union. When Mark Zuckerberg has introduced the
Facebook the another aspect of the Travel and tourism has developed as the
people are able to connected more with one another through using social media.
2011 Lastly in the year 2011 the Google has developed an online flight booking services
whose name is Google Flights.
Different elements of the travel and tourism industry, and they are interrelated to create tourist
experience
The elements of the travel and tourism industry are as follows -
 Transportation - Modes of transportation include air, sea and land. As it is accessible
and convenient for the tourists (Csikszentmihalyi and Coffey, 2016). The Transportation
is crucial from the perspective of the tourist who live overseas if they don't have any
mode of transportation, vehicle or facilities available they cannot come to visit the tourist
destination. Mode of transportation makes convenient to the customers to travel
overseas. Thus, this creates a new scope for the travel agencies.
 Attractions – It means anything that create desire for the tourists. It is of three types
Human made, Natural and Cultural.
Human Made It generally comes under historic places where human creations is involved. The
people who are more trendy to explore the historic places or who has fine desire
in the sculptures, monuments, forts, architecture and incident paintings create
an opportunity for the historical paradigms to set a course of tourist destination.
Natural The attractions which are made by its own comes under Natural. As weather is
pleasant in the destination it will definitely attract the tourists towards it.
Fortunately, it is helpful in creating the everlasting experience on the tourists
mind as the favoured weather conditions are offered to them (Components &
Elements of Tourism, 2019). Travelling becomes easier for them. For example if
there is summer the people will definitely not like to travel the destinations which
have already hot weather. As people who are looking for Sea beaches as a fine
weather. Thus, the Spas and resorts are come into existence.
Cultures The Culture refers to the heritage, customs, values and rituals of the country.
The customers which are impressed or well affiliated with anyone's culture than
they prefer to visit those places (Lean and Staiff, 2016). This creates a traveller
engagement with the particular country or the region as they started liking their
lifestyle.
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 Accommodation – Tourists can take accommodation by Hotel, Motel, guesthouse and
Heritage homes as per their convenience and paying capacity. The rates of the
accommodation services also various from customer to customer. As the customer of
high income group can afford 5 star hotels. Thus, they have given special facilitates and
highly comfort level in this hotel rooms. The customers who cannot afford such hotels
have facilitates to take accommodation in the guesthouse in considerably lesser price. It
cannot be ignored in tourist destination. As people come far away from the overseas
they need a place for getting relax. For exploring the places in the countries the
continuous travelling is not possible a sense of home environment is needed. Thus, it
creates another opportunity for travel and tourism industry to generate income by
providing tourists accommodation services.
 Travel Organisers – Tourists take help of the travel agencies or organisers who
facilitates them with discounting packages. They prefer to take advice from these
organizers before planning any trip (Du, Lew and Ng, 2016). This creates new era for
generating income which gives potential benefits to the UK economy. For an example,
the Thomas Cook Group becomes number one preference for the people as a travel and
tourism agency. Thus, tourism industry is somehow interlinked with the transportation.
The different factors that affect Tourism behaviour
Factors that affects the tourism behaviour is of two type first one is generating country
which is push factor and second one is destination factors which is pull factors.
Push factors:
 Personal Factors – It relates to the internal factor of the tourists. The consumer budget
also affects the travel and tourism industry. If the customers doesn't have capacity to pay
they will not prefer to travel or visit any place (Gmelch and Kaul, 2018),
 Psychological Factors – The psychological factors also highly influence the customers
as there hobby is to travel, and they love to do adventure they seek for the travel
agencies and this also create scope for the travel and tourism industry (Edgell Sr,
2015).
 Cultural Factors – If the traveller get highly affiliated with a country or region culture, it
will surely prefer to come back to those destinations (Gretzel, Sigala and Koo, 2015).
 Social Factors – The social factors may include the religious importance of any
destinations. As places of the worship or religious importance always flooded with the
tourists. It is also affiliated with the economic factors. For example if the economy of the
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country is downward and people are facing the unemployment issues, the progress sofa
tourism get stucked.
Destination Factors:
 Amenities – These facilities are crucial from the view point of the tourists. As the tourist
who love adventure and want some sort of amusement, they have offered various
facilitates such as swimming, boating, yachting in the resorts and hotels (Edgell Sr,
2016). To attract large number of customers there and make profit out of it. This is
helpful in creating an everlasting experience on tourist mind.
 Scenic Attractions - Attractions can be Human made, Natural and Cultural. It could be
Landmarks, mountains and seas (Huang, Goo and Yoo, 2017). It refers to the attractive
place which tourist came to visit. This is typically associated with the natural beauty,
amusement and leisure.
 Accessibility- It is another crucial element for the tourist industry. The tourist
destinations should be accessible, customers should find convenience for get through it.
For this there is invention of the travel agencies takes place.
 Ambiance (Safety and Security) – Tourists visits those destinations which have the
safe and secure environment. Travelling and visiting destinations can be pleasurable
only when the tourist mindset is carefree, when they feel that there is no need to be
worry about the security. Safety and security also defines the reputation of the country.
The tourist will only visit a destination again when they feel that there safety is taken
care off.
Models of motivation and how they influence the consumer decision-making process
Maslow theory of motivation
This theory is developed by the Abraham Maslow (1943). Maslow stated that motivation
is achieved by fulling the needs of the consumer. Firstly physiological need of the consumers
get to fulfil. This is related with the adequate water, food and basic needs. The safety needs
include secure and safe working environment. Love and belongings needs of the consumers is
related to the sense of attention and connection.
According to Gong and Tung (2017), physiological needs of the tourists get to be fulfilled
in order retain the tourists. This highly influence the consumer decision-making in travel and
tourism industry. Thus, the accommodation services are provided by the travel and tourism
industry to attract the tourists. Hospitality services includes the food and place to stay which is
beneficial for the tourist who came from the overseas.
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According to Holden, (2016), it is stated that Safety needs of the tourist is also impacted
their decision making. If they feel that environment is safe in a country they will prefer to travel
and visit it. They need security in terms of physical and monetary both. If their money get theft
by anyone the tourism industry have facilitated to report such activities and take strict actions
against such elements.
Holden (2016) stated thst safety needs of tourist is also impacted their decision making. If they
feel that environment is safe in a country they will prefer to travel and visit it. They need security
in terms of physical and monetary both. If their money get theft by anyone the tourism industry
have facilitated to report such activities and take strict actions against such elements.
According to Crotti and Misrahi (2015), love and belongingness is another expectation of
the tourists. If the tourist came to visit any destination, region or country. If they are greeted by
the people or feel honoured then they will definitely want to prefer that place again in the future,
Thus, the travel and tourism industry also focused on welcoming their guests who came from
overseas. They give them respect and try to treat them well as much they can.
The emerging patterns and trends in the international travel and tourism industry
Emerging trends and patterns in international tourism and travel industry are as follows:
Adventure Tourism – As today's generation the adrenaline activities are rapidly growing. The
people who are fun-loving and adventurous attain such tours. This people are the ones who are
fearless and love amusement (Tan, Habibullah and Choon, 2017). The travel and tourism
industry arrange special tours for such tourists. This includes adventures sports such as Bungee
Jumping, Scuba Diving, Paragliding and Mounting Diving.
Cultural Tourism – This is evergreen trend of the tourists. As some people are interested in
someone's culture or highly affected by the customs or religion of the particular community
comes to visit such places. They generally prefer to do walking tours in which they fortunately
meet with somehow and get highly affiliated with their culture (Future trends in the tourism
industry, 2015). As people which came to visit places from various countries and regions
together or in group get connected with one another culture.
Educational Tourism – The Educational Tourism is also in trend. The People love to do
ecological tours. These tours are conducted for doing ecological projects or for studying the
habitat restoration of animals or birds. The children also do such tours for the educational
purpose (Camilleri, 2018). These tours are also conducted by the educational institutes. The
Travel and Tourism Industry gives discounting offers as they purchase tickets in bulk. Thus, this
leads to increase the customer satisfaction towards these tourist agencies.
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Low Carbon Tourism – Green Tourism is also popular nowadays. It is continuously growing as
traveller are aware about the negative implications of the tourism on the environment. Traveller
take care of the environment and try not to put rubbish anywhere they go for the visit. They take
care of the sustainability (Lean and Staiff, 2016). Thus, the Traveller agencies are generally
offers the mode of transpirations to the tourist that consist of the Low Carbon emissions.
The factors affecting the popularity of range of global destinations
MICRO (4AS)
Destinations Accessibility Attractions Amenities Ambience
London, UK It has main
international
airport.
Tower of London,
Big Ben and
Tower Bridge.
They have
attractive hotel
chains.
Busy and noisy city.
City ambience
soundscape. There is
good atmosphere in
the city. Climate of the
London is also
favourable for the
tourist to have a
memorable holiday.
Agra, India Mode of
Transportation
available such as
Bus, Train and
Flight.
Culture and
Heritage, Taj
Mahal.
Lake view and
forts.
Agra is an Exotic city.
Exotic packages for
the hotel rooms and
restaurants is being
offered to the tourist.
MACRO (PESTLE ANALYSIS)
Destinations Political Factors Economic Socio-cultural Technological
London, UK Political stability in
country's
economy.
The Employment
rate is high.
Generally
expensive for the
Foreign Tourists.
Advanced
technology.
Agra, India Government
supports travel
and tourism
industry.
Unemployment
rate is high
(Unemployment :
The Crisis Of
Jobs, 2019).
Generally
affordable by the
tourists.
Improving the
technology.
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CONCLUSION
It has been concluded from the above project report that travel and tourism sector is
growing in the United Kingdom. The tourism and travel industry provides the hospitality services
to the tourists which are away from their home environment and came to visit the tourist's
destination from the overseas.
It has been summarized from the above study that different elements of the travel and
tourism industry are the transportation, attractions and accommodation. The different factors
which affects the tourism behaviour are the push factors and destination factors. It has been
determined that motivational factors also affects the consumer decision-making process in
travel and tourism industry. It has been identified that current trends in international travel and
tourism industry are the adventure tourism, cultural tourism, educational tourism and low carbon
tourism.
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