Wireless Sensor Networks: A Literature Review of Target Tracking

This literature review focuses on target tracking within wireless sensor networks (WSNs). It highlights the significance of target tracking for monitoring mobile targets and its relevance to current technologies. The review explores various research papers and categorizes them into groups based on their approaches to energy conservation, reliable wireless communication, and intelligent sensor placement. It identifies limitations in existing methods, such as the dependence of network lifetime on active nodes, challenges in tracking multiple targets in real-time, inaccuracies in object detection, and unreliability in tracking slow-moving objects. The review emphasizes the importance of energy efficiency and reliable communication for maximizing network lifetime and ensuring quality of service in WSN applications.

Running head: TARGET TRACKING IN WIRELESS SENSOR NETWORKS
Target tracking in wireless sensor networks
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1TARGET TRACKING IN WIRELESS SENSOR NETWORKS
1. Title: Target tracking in wireless sensor networks
2. Significance:
Target tracking is the matter of concern for the current era as it is helpful to detect and
monitor the motion of mobile targets. The sensor nodes consist of intelligence, where data can be
processes while it flows across the network. Sensor networks comprise of current technologies such
as power supply sub-system, sensing subsystem, a communication subsystem and computing
subsystem [1]. Target tracking is an application of WSN where sensor nodes control and report
positions of moving elements of users with minimum latency. Thus it develops communication,
production and quality of life [8]. It saves more lives, fuel, energies, resources and money though its
real-life implementations in battlefield surveillance, gas leakage, wildlife monitoring, fire spread and
detection of illegal border-crossing [2].
3. Literature review:
Arnold, Shaw and Pasternack (2008) showed that open researches for applications of target
tracking include dealing with varying speeds and direction changes of moving of moving objects.
Further, the technology is useful to recover energy effective missing target track, comparison of the
performance of dynamic and target track [9] [12]. Moreover, it is useful to find a relationship
between consumption of energy with forming cluster and tracking, provisioning and predicting
accuracy [4]. Target tracking is also applicable foe designing well organized nominal and
computing transmission of messages instead of degradation of performance since transmission of
message consumes lots of energy as discussed by Li and Jilkov (2003). Lastly, the sensor nodes are
helpful for fault detection.

2TARGET TRACKING IN WIRELESS SENSOR NETWORKS
As seen from the above approaches, it can be deduced that energy conservation maximizes
the network lifetime and is addressed via effective, dependable wireless communication [3] [14].
Hence, Blackman (2004) highlighted the presence of intelligent placement of sensors for gaining
sufficient coverage, security and smart storage management [10] [13]. This is done through data
compression and data aggregation. The approaches are meant for satisfying energy constraint and
provide quality of service for those applications [6]. As per as reliable communications are
concerned, Mazor (2007) reveals that services like packet-loss recovery, acknowledgements, active
buffer monitoring and congestion control are needed to ensure guaranteed packet delivery [5].
However, energy consumption is a primary concern under target tracking protocols.
Vermaak, Godsill and Perez (2005) analyzed that while the sensor nodes face energy depletion, it
dies and gets disconnected from networks significantly affecting the application and the performance
[15]. Some of the limitations reviewed by Bar-Shalom and Birmiwal (2002) and Zhang and Cao
(2004) are listed hereafter [7] [11].
 A lifetime of sensor networks depends on the number of active nodes and network
connectivity of the net. Hence, energy should be utilized for maximizing the lifetime of the
network.
 Further, it is unable to track targets smart as the number of goals become huge. Besides,
target tracking needs modifications in real time.
 Detected object is larger than the actual size. Various holes are present in the results of
detection.
 While the objects move slowly, the motion is unreliable.
 Huge blocks fail to match the real motion sequence.

3TARGET TRACKING IN WIRELESS SENSOR NETWORKS
4. References:
[1]"Efficient target tracking using dynamic programming - IEEE Journals &
Magazine", Ieeexplore.ieee.org, 2018. [Online]. Available:
https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/abstract/document/249112/. [Accessed: 12- Apr- 2018].
[2]"Survey of maneuvering target tracking. Part I. Dynamic models - IEEE Journals &
Magazine", Ieeexplore.ieee.org, 2018. [Online]. Available:
https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/abstract/document/1261132/. [Accessed: 12- Apr- 2018].
[3]"Multiple hypothesis tracking for multiple target tracking - IEEE Journals &
Magazine", Ieeexplore.ieee.org, 2018. [Online]. Available:
https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/abstract/document/1263228/. [Accessed: 12- Apr- 2018].
[4]"Interacting multiple model methods in target tracking: a survey - IEEE Journals &
Magazine", Ieeexplore.ieee.org, 2018. [Online]. Available:
https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/abstract/document/640267/. [Accessed: 12- Apr- 2018].
[5]"Moving target classification and tracking from real-time video - IEEE Conference
Publication", Ieeexplore.ieee.org, 2018. [Online]. Available:
http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/abstract/document/732851/. [Accessed: 12- Apr- 2018].
[6]"Variable Dimension Filter for Maneuvering Target Tracking - IEEE Journals &
Magazine", Ieeexplore.ieee.org, 2018. [Online]. Available:
https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/abstract/document/4102704/. [Accessed: 12- Apr- 2018].

4TARGET TRACKING IN WIRELESS SENSOR NETWORKS
[7]"DCTC: dynamic convoy tree-based collaboration for target tracking in sensor networks - IEEE
Journals & Magazine", Ieeexplore.ieee.org, 2018. [Online]. Available:
https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/abstract/document/1343904/. [Accessed: 12- Apr- 2018].
[8]"Dynamic clustering for acoustic target tracking in wireless sensor networks - IEEE Journals &
Magazine", Ieeexplore.ieee.org, 2018. [Online]. Available:
https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/abstract/document/1318595/. [Accessed: 12- Apr- 2018].
[9]"Survey of maneuvering target tracking. Part V. Multiple-model methods - IEEE Journals &
Magazine", Ieeexplore.ieee.org, 2018. [Online]. Available:
https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/abstract/document/1561886/. [Accessed: 12- Apr- 2018].
[10]"Sequential Monte Carlo methods for multiple target tracking and data fusion - IEEE Journals &
Magazine", Ieeexplore.ieee.org, 2018. [Online]. Available:
https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/abstract/document/978386/. [Accessed: 12- Apr- 2018].
[11]"Stable multi-target tracking in real-time surveillance video - IEEE Conference
Publication", Ieeexplore.ieee.org, 2018. [Online]. Available:
https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/abstract/document/5995667/. [Accessed: 12- Apr- 2018].
[12]"You'll never walk alone: Modeling social behavior for multi-target tracking - IEEE Conference
Publication", Ieeexplore.ieee.org, 2018. [Online]. Available:
https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/abstract/document/5459260/. [Accessed: 12- Apr- 2018].
[13]"Distributed fusion architectures and algorithms for target tracking - IEEE Journals &
Magazine", Ieeexplore.ieee.org, 2018. [Online]. Available:
https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/abstract/document/554211/. [Accessed: 12- Apr- 2018].

5TARGET TRACKING IN WIRELESS SENSOR NETWORKS
[14]"Observability of target tracking with bearings-only measurements - IEEE Journals &
Magazine", Ieeexplore.ieee.org, 2018. [Online]. Available:
https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/abstract/document/543868/. [Accessed: 12- Apr- 2018].
[15]"Multi-target tracking using joint probabilistic data association - IEEE Conference
Publication", Ieeexplore.ieee.org, 2018. [Online]. Available:
http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/abstract/document/4046781/. [Accessed: 12- Apr- 2018].