This document discusses the impact of tariff and quota in a small country. It explains the changes in surplus, deadweight loss, and government revenue. It also explores the concept of Tariff Rate Quota (TRQ) and its effects on imports. Additionally, it discusses the benefits and drawbacks of TRQ for foreign producers.
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Running head:TARIFF AND QUOTA IN A SMALL COUNTRY Tariff and Quota in a Small Country Name of the Student: Name of the University: Author Note:
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1TARIFF AND QUOTA IN A SMALL COUNTRY Table of Contents Answer 4.a..................................................................................................................................2 Answer 4.b.................................................................................................................................2 Answer 5.a..................................................................................................................................3 Answer 5.b.................................................................................................................................4 Answer 5.c..................................................................................................................................4 Reference....................................................................................................................................5
2TARIFF AND QUOTA IN A SMALL COUNTRY PW*+ TPW * S2+X2 S1+X 1D 1 D2 S2 S 1Q PW * PW*+T P D S S+X a b c d e Answer 4.a Figure 1: Import Tariff on Single Country In the above figure, D represents the demand curve, S represents domestic supply, X represents the availability of imports from non-tariffed countries, S+X represents the total supply curve. Pw*is the world price set by the exporting country, (Pw*+t) is the world price after tariff (t), M1= D1-(S1+X1) = imports from tariffed country before imposing tariff, M2= D2-(S2+X2) = imports from tariffed country after imposing tariff, X1= imports from non- tariffed countries andX2represents the amount of import that is not tariffed. Answer 4.b The area “a” represents increase in surplus to the domestic producer, “b” & “e” represents the deadweight loss, “c” represents the surplus of non-tariffed countries producers which is equal to (X2*t) and “d” represents the government revenue which is equal to (t*M2). The area “a” is same for both normal tariff and discriminatory tariff. That means there is no
3TARIFF AND QUOTA IN A SMALL COUNTRY PW * PW*+ t PQ P Import Demand C Imports Import Supply BA Quota Rent In-Quota Tariff Revenue Over-Quota Tariff Revenue M’MT D change in the surplus of domestic producers due to increase in the price because of tariff. The dead weight loss is also same for both kind of tariffs. The impact is seen in case of government revenue and the producer surplus to the producer of non-tariffed country which are represented by the area “d” and “c”. In case of, non-discriminatory tariff there was no producer surplus for the foreign producer while the discriminating tariff encourages the producers of non-tariffed countries to export by providing them producer’s surplus by the amount of area represented by “c” (Nguyen and Kinnucan 2019). Answer 5.a Figure 1: Tariff Rate Quota on Import The above figure shows the result of TRQ on a certain amount of imports. The horizontal axis presents the imports and the vertical axis presents the price of import. The world price Pw*, after tariff the world price become Pw*+t, PQis the price of import after imposing quota, M’ is the amount of import after which quota is imposed and the MTis the amount of total import depending on the price after imposition of TRQ. The import supply curve is ABCD and the demand for the import is downward sloping curve.
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4TARIFF AND QUOTA IN A SMALL COUNTRY Answer 5.b The quota rent and tariff revenue is labelled by using different colours. The quota rents go to the importer or the buyer of the good at Pw*and sell at price PQ. The larger part of the over-quota tariff revenue goes to the foreign producers and the smaller part which comes from the tariff part goes to the domestic government. In-quota tariff revenue goes to the domestic producers (Nagurney and Dong 2019). Answer 5.c The TRQ is beneficial for the foreign producers as it gives them a chance to earn more than a normal tariff. If the foreign producers sell more than the quota barrier, they will gain a huge amount of surplus.
5TARIFF AND QUOTA IN A SMALL COUNTRY Reference Nagurney, A., Besik, D. and Dong, J., 2019. Tariffs and quotas in world trade: A unified variationalinequalityframework.EuropeanJournalofOperationalResearch,275(1), pp.347-360. Nguyen, L. and Kinnucan, H.W., 2019. The US solar panel anti-dumping duties versus uniform tariff.Energy Policy,127, pp.523-532.