Fleetwood Corporation Financial Analysis

This assignment requires a thorough analysis of Fleetwood Corporation's financial statements. Students need to examine the provided income statement (profit and loss statement), consolidated financial statement, statement of changes in equity, and consolidated statement of cash flow. The analysis should focus on understanding the company's financial performance, position, and cash flows. Additionally, the assignment prompts students to discuss the impact of R&D tax credits on the company's financial decisions and consider the ethical implications of corporate tax avoidance.

Running head: TAX
Tax
Name of the Student:
Name of the University:
Authors Note:

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Table of Contents
Introduction:....................................................................................................................................2
Discussion related to Items of equity and reason for change..........................................................2
Tax expense provided in the financial statement:............................................................................3
Accounting income and income tax expense:.................................................................................3
Deferred tax assets and deferred tax liabilities:...............................................................................3
Income tax payable and comparing with income tax expenses:......................................................6
Income tax payment and income tax expense:................................................................................7
Insights learned:...............................................................................................................................8
Conclusion:......................................................................................................................................9
Reference.......................................................................................................................................10
Appendix 1:...................................................................................................................................12
Appendix 2:...................................................................................................................................13
Appendix 3:...................................................................................................................................14
Appendix 4:...................................................................................................................................15

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Introduction:
In this report, an attempt is made to analyse the financial statement of Fleetwood
Corporation. The Annual reports of the company contain all necessary information, financial as
well as non-financial, to assess the performance and position of an entity. However, it is
important to have proper knowledge about different items in financial statements to understand
the actual implication of different items in the financial statements. The main aim of this report
is to critically analyse the significant areas related to movement in equity and tax expenses.
Discussion related to Items of equity and reason for change
Issued capital:
Fleetwood Corporation has issued equity shares to the public to arrange the required
amount of funds to finance the operations of the company. Issued capital represents that part of
the capital which has been issued and subscribed by the shareholders of the company. The issued
capital of the company is $195,079m for the financial year ending in 2016.
Reserves:
The company has created different reserves to be used for specific purposes. These
reserves are not allowed to be used for distribution of dividend. Thus, these are not free reserves
and are to be used only for specific purposes. The amount of reserves that the company has at the
end of the financial year 2016 is $244m (Muller and Kolk 2015).
Retained earnings:
The company has retained earnings of $8,508m in the financial year 2016 that is the
accumulated balance of profit over the years. The balance of profit that have not been distributed

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by the company neither transferred for any specific purposes to any reserves (Alstadsæter et al.
2016).
Tax expense provided in the financial statement:
The company recorded current tax benefit in the income statement for the financial year
2016 of $1531m as against a tax expense of $508m in the previous year 2015.
Comparing the income tax expenses and the Accounting income:
No, the current tax expense or benefit in this case is not similar to that of the tax rate
multiplied to the income of the company. In-fact the company incurred a loss from the business
operations in the financial year 2016 (Dowling 2015). The reason for the difference is that there
are other tax items such as deferred tax assets, deferred tax liabilities, advance tax which are
adjusted against the current tax liabilities to determine the amount of current tax expense or
benefit which is to be provided in the profit and loss account of an entity.
Relationship between the deferred tax assets and liabilities:
Fleetwood Corporation has showed a deferred tax asset of $14,121m in 2016 compared to
$4,822m a year ago. No deferred tax liabilities have been reported by the company as the
financial statement of the company only shows deferred tax assets.
Though the company has not reported any deferred tax liabilities however, let us evaluate
the reasons for recording deferred tax assets and deferred tax liabilities by an entity in the

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financial statements. Before directly getting into the reasons for creation of deferred tax
liabilities or assets in the financial statements of an entity let us provide brief descriptions on
deferred tax assets and deferred tax liabilities.
Deferred tax asset is created due to the difference between the accounting profits and
taxable profits calculated in accordance with the provisions of income tax rules. The accounting
profits are calculated by an entity in accordance with the accounting standards issued by the
Australian Accounting Standards Board (AASB) and in accordance with the provisions of the
Corporations Act, 2001. Whereas, the assessable profit of an entity is ascertained in accordance
with provisions of the Income Tax Assessment Act, 1997. Thus, the taxable profit on which the
amount of income tax has to be paid by an entity is seldom the same with that of the accounting
profit. In case the accounting profit is lower than the taxable profit, an entity generally
recognizes deferred tax assets in the books of account as long as the difference between the two
is due to the timing difference and not permanent difference (Cai et al. 2014).
In the report, discuss the reasons for creation of deferred tax assets in the books of
accounts of an entity. The following points broadly cover these reasons.
Difference amount of Depreciation under accounting and taxable provisions:
The income tax provisions have different rates that are allowed as depreciation on non-
current assets to determine the amount of taxable profit of an entity compare to the rates that
have been prescribed in AASB 116. Thus, in case the amount of depreciation is allowed under
the income tax act is lower than the amount of depreciation under AASB 116 then that will result
in creation of deferred tax assets (Towery 2015).
Expenditures disallowed by income tax provisions:

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The income tax provisions do not allow certain expenditures to calculate the taxable
profit on which income tax is to be charged which may have been deducted in computing the
accounting profit. Thus, the taxable profit will be higher in such case to result in creation of
deferred tax asset for the entity concerned (Dyreng and Markle 2016).
Incomes that may have been deferred to compute accounting profit of a year might needed to be
included to compute the taxable profit:
The taxable provisions might need an entity to record a particular income to be included
in the income statement to compute the taxable profit that might have been deferred to later
periods in the income statement prepared under the accounting rules of the country. As a result
of this the taxable profit of an entity will be higher than the accounting profit to create deferred
tax assets (Shen et al. 2016).
Deferred tax liabilities are also created due to the timing differences in accounting and
taxable provisions. The deferred tax liabilities will be created in case the accounting profit of an
entity is higher than the taxable profit ascertained in accordance with the provisions of the
income tax rules and regulations provided in the Income Tax Assessment Act, 1997.
The deferred tax liabilities are created for the following raesons:
Accounting profit higher than the taxable profit:
The accounting profit if is higher than the amount of taxable profit then an entity will
require to create deferred tax liabilities is the difference in taxable and accounting profit is due to
timing differences.
Higher amount of depreciation is allowed in the income tax rules:

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In case the taxable provisions allow higher rate of depreciation on non-current assets than
the rate prescribed and used to charge depreciation on non-current assets to calculate accounting
profit of an entity. In that case, the accounting profit will be higher than the amount calculated as
profit under taxable provisions (Bratten et al. 2016). As a result of this the entity will have to
create deferred tax liabilities in the books of accounts of an entity.
Comparing income tax expenses with income tax payable:
The company, i.e. Fleetwood Corporation, though has recorded any tax liabilities under
current liabilities as can be seen from the financial statements of the company for the financial
year ending in 2016 however, a year before the company did record an amount of $959m as
current tax liabilities (Rao 2016).
The reason are discussed below:
An entity often need to pay advance tax:
In case, an entity pays certain amount of advance tax on provisional income basis to
comply with the income tax rules and regulations in the country. In that case, it must be adjusted
against the income tax expense of the entity at the end of the financial year when the amount of
income tax is ascertained for the financial year (Agrawal et al. 2014). Generally the difference
between the income tax expense and advance amount of income tax is either recorded as the
amount of income tax payable or tax assets under current liabilities or current assets in the
statement of financial position as the case may be.
Adjustment of deferred tax items:

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Also after ascertaining the amount of income tax expense from the income statement of
an entity necessary adjustment for deferred tax assets and deferred tax, liabilities have to be
made to ascertain the amount of income tax liability or assets, as the case may be, to include
show in the Balance sheet of the company (Adeler 2014).
Therefore, it can be said that for the above reasons there is a difference between the
income tax payable and the income tax expenses.
The relationship between the Income tax payment and expense:
The cash flow statement of the company shows that the following amounts have been
paid as income tax in the year 2015 and in the year 2015:
As in the year 2016, the company has incurred financial loss there has been no income
tax expense in the year. It can be seen that there exists a significant difference between the
income tax expenses and the income tax expenses provided in the cash flow statement (Zhang et
al. 2016). The reason for the difference between the two items of financial statements are as
following:

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There is a difference between the income tax expense and the amount of tax paid:
The income tax expense is the amount of income tax on the taxable profit of an entity
whereas the income tax paid in the cash flow statement shows the amount of cash outflow in
respect of the income tax. The cash out flow for income tax is generally the payment of adjusted
income tax that is due to the government after making all necessary adjustments (Ranchhod and
Finn 2016).
Different periods:
Generally, the payment of income tax in cash flow statement could be for income earned
in earlier periods. Whereas the income tax expenses is calculated on the amount of income
earned by an entity for the current income tax period as per the income statement of an entity.
Thus, there would bound to be a difference between the amount of income tax paid as per the
cash flow statement and the income tax expense as provided in the income statement of an entity
(Le 2017).
Insights learned:
While assessing the income tax expense, deferred tax assets, deferred tax liabilities,
income tax payable or income tax asset and payment of income tax as per the cash flow
statement of Fleetwood Corporation. There have been number of new aspects that have
interested curiosity in us and made us think about the different treatments of tax related
provisions in the financial statements of the company (Morcol et al. 2017). However, at the same
time it is essential for an entity to keep record of each and every single item related to the
financial transactions as the same might influence the final liability of an entity while it come to
the payment of income tax liabilities for the income earned by the company.

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Conclusion:
The most interesting aspect of them all is the number of different items which are related
with the income tax provisions for the income earned by the company. It is not only about
current income tax expense on the amount of taxable profit but the recognition of deferred tax
assets or deferred tax liabilities, providing for income tax liability as income tax payable under
current liabilities and finally the payment of income tax in the cash flow statement of the
company. However, while evaluating the financial statements of the company the number of
items that have to be recorded to keep track of income tax provision of the company is quite
difficult to summarize in a single place.

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Reference
Adeler, M.C., 2014. Enabling policy environments for co-operative development: A comparative
experience. Canadian Public Policy, 40(Supplement 1), pp.S50-S59.
Agrawal, A., Rosell, C. and Simcoe, T.S., 2014. Do tax credits affect R&D expenditures by
small firms? Evidence from Canada (No. w20615). National Bureau of Economic Research.
Alstadsæter, A., Jacob, M., Kopczuk, W. and Telle, K., 2016. Accounting for business income in
measuring top income shares: Integrated accrual approach using individual and firm data from
Norway (No. w22888). National Bureau of Economic Research.
Bratten, B., Gleason, C.A., Larocque, S.A. and Mills, L.F., 2016. Forecasting taxes: New
evidence from analysts. The Accounting Review, 92(3), pp.1-29.
Cai, D., Wang, T. and Ai, C., 2014. Development of low-carbon economy in Heilongjiang
province tax incentive policy analysis. Advanced Materials Research.
Dowling, G.R., 2014. The curious case of corporate tax avoidance: Is it socially
irresponsible?. Journal of Business Ethics, 124(1), pp.173-184.
Dyreng, S.D. and Markle, K.S., 2016. The effect of financial constraints on income shifting by
US multinationals. The Accounting Review, 91(6), pp.1601-1627.
Le, T.T., 2017. Incentivizing Orphan Product Development: United States Food and Drug
Administration Orphan Incentive Programs. In Rare Diseases Epidemiology: Update and
Overview (pp. 183-196). Springer, Cham.

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Morcol, G., Hoyt, L., Meek, J.W. and Zimmermann, U. eds., 2017. Business improvement
districts: Research, theories, and controversies. Routledge.
Muller, A. and Kolk, A., 2015. Responsible tax as corporate social responsibility: the case of
multinational enterprises and effective tax in India. Business & Society, 54(4), pp.435-463.
Ranchhod, V. and Finn, A., 2016. Estimating the Short Run Effects of South Africa's
Employment Tax Incentive on Youth Employment Probabilities using A Difference‐in‐
Differences Approach. South African Journal of Economics, 84(2), pp.199-216.
Rao, N., 2016. Do tax credits stimulate R&D spending? The effect of the R&D tax credit in its
first decade. Journal of Public Economics, 140, pp.1-12.
Ryan, C., 2016. Are you experimenting with the R&D tax incentive?. Taxation in
Australia, 50(9), p.529.
Shen, L., He, B., Jiao, L., Song, X. and Zhang, X., 2016. Research on the development of main
policy instruments for improving building energy-efficiency. Journal of Cleaner
Production, 112, pp.1789-1803.
Towery, E.M., 2017. Unintended consequences of linking tax return disclosures to financial
reporting for income taxes: Evidence from Schedule UTP. The Accounting Review.
Zhang, K., Wang, Q., Liang, Q.M. and Chen, H., 2016. A bibliometric analysis of research on
carbon tax from 1989 to 2014. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 58, pp.297-310.

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Appendix 1:
Income statement of the company, i.e. Consolidated profit and loss statement of Fleetwood
Corporation:

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Appendix 2:
Consolidated financial statement of the company:

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Appendix 3:
Statement of changes in equity:

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Appendix 4:
Consolidated statement of cash flow:

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