Taxable Income from Forestry Activities

The assignment content is related to the income tax assessment of an individual taxpayer, Bill, who is engaged in forestry activities or business of primary production such as disposing of timber. According to subsection 6(1) of the Income Tax Assessment Act (ITAA) 1936 and 1997, an individual taxpayer having associations with forest operations will be treated as a primary producer for income tax purposes. Primary production refers to the planting and tending of trees in a particular plantation intended for cutting or tending. In this case, Bill is considered a primary producer because he tends pine trees on his owned land. The receipts from the sale of felled timber would be included in his taxable income under subsection 36(1). If Bill assigns the right to log companies for cutting down timber, the payments received will be regarded as royalties and treated as assessable income under section 26(f).

Running head: TAXATION LAW
Taxation Law
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Table of Contents
Answer to question 1:.................................................................................................................2
Issue:..........................................................................................................................................2
Laws:..........................................................................................................................................2
Applications...............................................................................................................................2
Application:................................................................................................................................3
Conclusion:................................................................................................................................3
Answer to question 2:.................................................................................................................3
Issue:..........................................................................................................................................3
Laws:..........................................................................................................................................3
Applications:..............................................................................................................................4
Applications:..............................................................................................................................4
Conclusion:................................................................................................................................5
Answer to question 3:.................................................................................................................5
Issue:..........................................................................................................................................5
Laws:..........................................................................................................................................5
Applications:..............................................................................................................................5
Conclusion:................................................................................................................................7
Answer to question 4:.................................................................................................................7
Answer to question 5:.................................................................................................................8
Issue:..........................................................................................................................................8

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Laws:..........................................................................................................................................8
Application:................................................................................................................................8
Conclusion:..............................................................................................................................10
Reference list:...........................................................................................................................11

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Answer to question 1:
Issue:
Can the taxpayer with reference to the Section 108-10 of the ITAA 1997 measure the
amount that is sustained from the capital gains or loss will be considered for set off.
Laws:
i. Section 108-20 of the ITAA 1997
ii. Section 108-10 of ITAA 1997
Applications

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Application:
The current circumstances of the taxpayer states that the loss that is sustained from the
sale of the sound system will be not be approved for set off. This is because loss originating
from the sale of the home sound system having a nature of personal asset will not be allowed
for set off. The guiding principles of section 108-10 of ITAA 1997 gives the evidence that
loss of collectable nature cannot be considered for offset against the ordinary gains from the
sale of shares will not be allowed for set off (Coleman & Sadiq, 2017). In consistency with
the section 108-10 of the ITAA 1997 Eric produced profits on the event of sale of ordinary
assets with no existent year capital or any form of reductions that are pertinent. Consequently
the capital gains for Eric was arrived at $15,000.
Conclusion:
From the conversation it is found that Eric will not be able to set off the loss sustained
from the collectibles because he solely derived revenue upon the sale of the assets of ordinary
nature.
Answer to question 2:
Issue:
The scenario introduces the issue that deals with the computation of FBT that has been
defined under the fringe benefit act 1986.
Laws:
i. Fringe Benefit Tax Act 1986
ii. Taxation Rulings TR 93/6

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Applications:
Computation of Fringe Benefit Tax
Applications:
Understanding the guidelines of the Taxation Rulings of the TR 93/6 financial
institutions such as banks or other forms loan making companies generally devices plans that
provides an individual with the opportunity of offsetting the interest occurred by the
customers (Grange et al., 2014). The rulings provide the customers on the event of making
profit would not be required to make any tax payment for such income derived. Taking
account of the guidelines that is defined under the Taxation Ruling of the 93/6 given the
circumstances that Brian is discharged by bank from paying interest at the end of the loan
period that Brian will not have to pay tax.

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Conclusion:
From the above conversation it is understood, if the loan interest is payable at the end
of the loan then no income tax is required to be paid by him to the bank.
Answer to question 3:
Issue:
The following matter is linked with the distribution of loss that is sustained by
taxpayers in this context from joint ownership of the rental property.
Laws:
i. FC of T v McDonald
ii. Section 51 of the ITAA 1997
iii. Taxation ruling TR 93/23
Applications:
In conformity with the Taxation Ruling TR 93/32 guidelines has been defined under
this rulings that provides the explanation arising from the division of the income or any form
of loss derived from the rent property amid the joint owners of the property (James, 2015).
Moreover, the above discussed ruling lay down the guidelines of gauging into the assessable
position of the co-owners that are not accountable for carrying on the business within the
defined activities. Jack and Jill in this context are being evaluated on their assessable position
from the property that is rented by them. Jack in this context will be eligible for 10% of the
profits from the property and Jill will be getting 90% profits from the rented property.

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As it has been defined under the TR 92/32 joint ownership of the rental property can
be defined as the partnership for the purpose of income tax however it is not concerned with
the partnership that is defined under the notion of general law (Jover, 2014). The ruling does
not include the joint ownership of any business practice that meets the purpose of the income
tax. The loss of income that is sustained from the rented property is administered with the
help of joint ownership together with the allocation of profits and losses. It is understood
from the current context of Jack and Jill the joint ownership of rented property forms the
foundations of the income tax and will not be accounted as the partnership in regard to the
principles of general law.
The principles of Taxation ruling TR 92/32 provides an explanation that joint
ownership of the rented property are not treated as partnership under the general law (Kenny,
2013). The partnership agreement in this case of Jack and Jill contains either oral or written
agreement having no effect on the share of income or loss derived from the rental property.
The agreement clause contained that Jack will be accountable for 100% of the loss that is
derived from the rental property. As it has been found in the case of FC of T v McDonald
(1987) where the agreement between them contained that Mr McDonald will be entitled to
25% of the profits whereas Mrs McDonald would be getting 75% of the profit from the
property (Krever, 2013). Therefore on suffering loss Mr McDonald will have to shoulder
100% of such loss. This was primarily done to advance the income of his wife and
indemnifying from any such loss.
Similarly in the present context the partnership between Jack and Jill, the partnership
between them would not be viewed as partnership under the general law and losses arising
out of such rented property should be shared equally between them.

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Conclusion:
From the above discussed scenario it is understood that both Jack and Jill will be
required to share out the loss on equal basis and the joint ownership between them does not
accounts as partnership.
Answer to question 4:
One of the most quoted ruling on this subject that confirms that tax avoidance is
considered as acceptable and legal that originates in the case of IRC v Duke Westminster
(1936). The Duke of Westminster paid his Gardener wages based on the weekly basis and
entered into the contract through which he stopped paying the wage and drew up the
covenant agreement to pay an equivalent amount. The Gardener yet received the identical
amount in the form of wages but the Duke gained the advantage of the tax benefit since under
the law that was applied during the time when the covenant lowered the liability of the Duke
to surtax (Braithwaite, 2017). The case defines that every individual is eligible to order for
his tax affairs with the objective that tax attaching under this appropriate acts is lower than it
would have otherwise been. An individual cannot be forced to pay any increased amount of
tax.
On applying the fact in the present age these principles defines that given that a
person is successful in ordering them for the purpose of obtaining this result then the
taxpayers in their ingenuity will not be forced to pay any amount of increased sum of tax
(Sadiq et al., 2014). The decision under this case provides an individual with the opportunity
of reducing their tax liability in agreement with the financial framework of law.

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Answer to question 5:
Issue:
Taking account of the present issue an assessment has been done relating to the
cutting down of timber under subsection 6 (1) of the ITAA 1997.
Laws:
i. Subsection 6 (1) of the ITAA 1936
ii. McCauley v FC of T
Application:
From the current issue of Bill it is found that he is the owner of the land that
numerous pine trees. He at the initial stages decided to clear the land for grazing sheep but on
being approached by the logging company that agreed to pay $1000 for every 100 meter of
timber that the logging firm can take from Bill’s land.
As it has been defined in the Taxation ruling TR 95/6 it deals with the income tax rulings
that rise from the activities of the primary production and forestry (Milton, 2013). It also
defines the degree till which an individual deriving the income from the forestry activities is
assessable. The ruling is applicable to both the individual taxpayers that indulge in forestry
activities or business of primary production such as disposing the timber. Considering the
explanation of the Subsection 6 (1) of the ITAA 1936 an individual taxpayer having
associations with the forest operations will be treated as the primary producer for income tax
provided that the activities of forest operations are viewed as performing business activities
(Woellner, 2013).

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Primary production can be referred as the planting of trees and tending down of trees
in a particular plantation under subsection 6 (1) of the ITAA 1997 that is originally intended
for cutting or tending of trees in a vegetation (Woellner et al., 2014). Bill in the present
context is treated as the primary producer because he is engaged in the business of primary
production for tending down the pine trees on a large piece of land that is owned by him.
Forest operations are usually known as those operations where there is a planting or tending
of trees in the vegetation in spite of the fact that the taxpayer did not originally planted the
trees.
In context of the above explanation, Bill did not planted the trees however the sum
that is received by him from the sale of felled by timber would be considered for assessment.
In spite of the fact that the sales comprised of the either entirely or the portion of the assets
having commercial values, tending of trees would be treated as receipts and would be
included in his taxable income under subsection 36 (1).
In the alternative scenario if the taxpayer was paid a large amount of $50,000 by
simply assigning the right to the logging company for cutting down the necessary quantity of
timber then the receipts received from the timber would be regarded as the “Royalties”. As
defined under the section 26 (f) receiving royalties from the tending of timber would be
treated as the assessable income and will be included in the assessable income in the year
during which the trees were tended (Morgan et al., 2013). Royalties that is received by Bill
from felling of timber would be treated as carrying the business of forest operations. In
respect of the judgement stated in McCauley v The Federal Commissioner of Taxation
payments that is received by grantor by assigning the right of tending the timber. Therefore,
the amount that will be received by Bill in the alternative scenario from the sale of timber
would be included in the taxable income in compliance with the section 26 (f).

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Conclusion:
From the above stated analysis it can be defined that the amount that is received by
Bill from tending of timber would be considered as the taxable income and in the alternative
scenario if the a lump sum is received for granting of right then it would be treated as
royalties.

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Reference list:
Braithwaite, V. (Ed.). (2017). Taxing democracy: Understanding tax avoidance and evasion.
Routledge.
Coleman, C., & Sadiq, K. Principles of taxation law 2013.
Grange, J., Jover-Ledesma, G., & Maydew, G. 2014 principles of business taxation.
James, M. Taxation of small businesses 2014/15.
Jover-Ledesma, G. (2014). Principles of business taxation 2015. [Place of publication not
identified]: Cch Incorporated.
Kenny, P. (2013). Australian tax 2013. Chatswood, N.S.W.: LexisNexis Butterworths.
Krever, R. (2013). Australian taxation law cases 2013. Pyrmont, N.S.W.: Thomson Reuters.
Morgan, A., Mortimer, C., & Pinto, D. (2013). A practical introduction to Australian taxation
law. North Ryde [N.S.W.]: CCH Australia.
Sadiq, K., Coleman, C., Hanegbi, R., Jogarajan, S., Krever, R., Obst, W., & Ting,
A. Principles of taxation law 2014.
The taxpayers' guide 2013 & 2014. (2013). Milton, Qld.
Woellner, R. (2013). Australian taxation law 2012. North Ryde [N.S.W.]: CCH Australia.
Woellner, R., Barkoczy, S., Murphy, S., Evans, C., & Pinto, D. Australian taxation law 2014.

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