Taxation Law: Input Tax Credit and CGT Liability
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This article discusses the availability of input tax credit and CGT liability in Taxation Law. It covers the laws related to GST, assessable supply, creditable acquisition, and reverse charge mechanism. It also explains the cost base of CGT assets and the liability for CGT. The article includes a case study on City Sky Co and Emma's sale of assets.
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Running head: TAXATION LAW
Taxation Law
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Taxation Law
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1TAXATION LAW
Table of Contents
Answer to question 1:.................................................................................................................2
Answer to question 2:.................................................................................................................5
References:...............................................................................................................................10
Table of Contents
Answer to question 1:.................................................................................................................2
Answer to question 2:.................................................................................................................5
References:...............................................................................................................................10
2TAXATION LAW
Answer to question 1:
Issues:
The primary matter that will be dealt in this questions is the input tax credit
availability that can be claimed by City Sky Co in regard to the acquisition made.
Laws:
The GST has been introduced as the part of the new tax system by the government.
Usually there are three forms of supplies (Richard 2014). This includes the taxable supplies,
GST-Free supplies and input tax supplies. GST is generally referred as the transaction based
tax. The elements of the transactions generally include the following;
a. Supplier: This includes those that provides the subject matter of supply
b. Recipient: This includes those that obtains the supply and pays the price in
consideration of the supply.
Notably in “sec 9-40” and “sec 13-15, GST Act 1997”, it is understood that the
liability for GST happens when any assessable supply or importation is made by the taxpayer
(Dootson and Suzor 2015). Fundamentally, GST must be viewed as the tax on consumption.
GST is imposed on the sale of goods and services made inside Australia and on goods that
are imported to Australia. GST is usually paid on the value of added to the assessable supply.
Under “sec 9-10, GST Act 1999”, it says that supply is regarded as any type of supply that
includes the goods and services (Jacob 2015). It also includes the provision of advice or
information, financial supply, surrender of real property, or surrender of any right. “Sec 9-5,
GST Act 1999” says that GST is levied on the assessable supply. A taxpayer may make the
assessable supply if;
a. There is any kind of supply
Answer to question 1:
Issues:
The primary matter that will be dealt in this questions is the input tax credit
availability that can be claimed by City Sky Co in regard to the acquisition made.
Laws:
The GST has been introduced as the part of the new tax system by the government.
Usually there are three forms of supplies (Richard 2014). This includes the taxable supplies,
GST-Free supplies and input tax supplies. GST is generally referred as the transaction based
tax. The elements of the transactions generally include the following;
a. Supplier: This includes those that provides the subject matter of supply
b. Recipient: This includes those that obtains the supply and pays the price in
consideration of the supply.
Notably in “sec 9-40” and “sec 13-15, GST Act 1997”, it is understood that the
liability for GST happens when any assessable supply or importation is made by the taxpayer
(Dootson and Suzor 2015). Fundamentally, GST must be viewed as the tax on consumption.
GST is imposed on the sale of goods and services made inside Australia and on goods that
are imported to Australia. GST is usually paid on the value of added to the assessable supply.
Under “sec 9-10, GST Act 1999”, it says that supply is regarded as any type of supply that
includes the goods and services (Jacob 2015). It also includes the provision of advice or
information, financial supply, surrender of real property, or surrender of any right. “Sec 9-5,
GST Act 1999” says that GST is levied on the assessable supply. A taxpayer may make the
assessable supply if;
a. There is any kind of supply
3TAXATION LAW
b. For consideration
c. During the course of business or progress of the business activities
d. Supplies that are connected with the Australia
e. The taxable supply is made by the registered entity.
On the other hand “sec 11-5”, elucidates that creditable acquisition represents those
acquisition of items that are by taxpayer with the creditable intention (Wiese 2015). When a
company acquires any item that is for the business course of the company then those
acquisitions are viewed as having creditable purpose. A business makes creditable acquisition
provided that the item acquired is;
a. Purchased anything that is absolutely for business purpose
b. The supply of thing to business is regarded as the assessable supply
c. The business is under obligation of providing consideration for supply
d. The business is under obligation of registering for GST or it is registered for GST.
Under “sec 11-15 (1), GST Act 1999” a business is only permitted to get input tax
credit when it purchases anything for the creditable purpose up to the extent that they acquire
it in conducting the enterprise activities (Richards 2015). The ATO has elucidated that when
a taxpayer purchases land it is generally held as the capital asset which may attract capital
gains tax when it is sold. However, when a taxpayer purchases land for making business use
or for making profit, sales proceeds that is earned is held as ordinary earnings and the
business may be required to register for GST.
Additionally, there could few conditions where the GST is required to be paid by
purchaser. This type of situation is known as reverse charge. Things apart from the GST will
be held subject to GST when the Australian business purchases them and things are made
through the business which is carried on by the seller out of Australia (Krever 2015). Under
b. For consideration
c. During the course of business or progress of the business activities
d. Supplies that are connected with the Australia
e. The taxable supply is made by the registered entity.
On the other hand “sec 11-5”, elucidates that creditable acquisition represents those
acquisition of items that are by taxpayer with the creditable intention (Wiese 2015). When a
company acquires any item that is for the business course of the company then those
acquisitions are viewed as having creditable purpose. A business makes creditable acquisition
provided that the item acquired is;
a. Purchased anything that is absolutely for business purpose
b. The supply of thing to business is regarded as the assessable supply
c. The business is under obligation of providing consideration for supply
d. The business is under obligation of registering for GST or it is registered for GST.
Under “sec 11-15 (1), GST Act 1999” a business is only permitted to get input tax
credit when it purchases anything for the creditable purpose up to the extent that they acquire
it in conducting the enterprise activities (Richards 2015). The ATO has elucidated that when
a taxpayer purchases land it is generally held as the capital asset which may attract capital
gains tax when it is sold. However, when a taxpayer purchases land for making business use
or for making profit, sales proceeds that is earned is held as ordinary earnings and the
business may be required to register for GST.
Additionally, there could few conditions where the GST is required to be paid by
purchaser. This type of situation is known as reverse charge. Things apart from the GST will
be held subject to GST when the Australian business purchases them and things are made
through the business which is carried on by the seller out of Australia (Krever 2015). Under
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4TAXATION LAW
such kind of situation, the taxpayer will be considered as liable for paying the GST even after
the fact that the taxpayer is purchaser and even though the seller is not under obligation of
paying GST on sale. The reverse charge mechanism is generally applied on the purchases that
is made by an enterprise for the business purpose and the entity is registered for GST.
Application:
The City Sky Co is the GST registered investment and construction development
company. The company purchased a vacant property for construction of building apartments
for selling it again. It can be stated that land purchased by City Sky Co is regarded as the
CGT asset and the land here will not be regarded as falling inside the domain of GST. City
Sky Co must note that its land does not attracts any GST in this situation.
The case facts obtained also suggest that City Sky Co is planning to construct fifteen
apartments on the vacant land. The land here further falls under the provision of black credit
(Phillip 2015). This is because the vacant land that is purchased by City Sky Co is for the
construction purpose. The land here is regarded as the immovable property which is mainly
acquired for furthering the business and hence it is not eligible for claiming input tax credit in
this regard.
The company has also engaged with the local lawyer for its service for developmental
purpose. City Sky Co. incurred $33,000 for the legal services. The legal expenses occurred
here will be eligible for reverse charge mechanism (Joanna 2015). Here, the service receiver
is City Sky Co and Maurice being the seller. As the company here is regarded as the
development company since the services here amounts to creditable acquisition under “sec
11-5” which is solely acquired for business purpose of City Sky Co. Therefore, the company
is eligible for claiming input tax credit relating to its legal service that is availed from the
Maurice Blackburn.
such kind of situation, the taxpayer will be considered as liable for paying the GST even after
the fact that the taxpayer is purchaser and even though the seller is not under obligation of
paying GST on sale. The reverse charge mechanism is generally applied on the purchases that
is made by an enterprise for the business purpose and the entity is registered for GST.
Application:
The City Sky Co is the GST registered investment and construction development
company. The company purchased a vacant property for construction of building apartments
for selling it again. It can be stated that land purchased by City Sky Co is regarded as the
CGT asset and the land here will not be regarded as falling inside the domain of GST. City
Sky Co must note that its land does not attracts any GST in this situation.
The case facts obtained also suggest that City Sky Co is planning to construct fifteen
apartments on the vacant land. The land here further falls under the provision of black credit
(Phillip 2015). This is because the vacant land that is purchased by City Sky Co is for the
construction purpose. The land here is regarded as the immovable property which is mainly
acquired for furthering the business and hence it is not eligible for claiming input tax credit in
this regard.
The company has also engaged with the local lawyer for its service for developmental
purpose. City Sky Co. incurred $33,000 for the legal services. The legal expenses occurred
here will be eligible for reverse charge mechanism (Joanna 2015). Here, the service receiver
is City Sky Co and Maurice being the seller. As the company here is regarded as the
development company since the services here amounts to creditable acquisition under “sec
11-5” which is solely acquired for business purpose of City Sky Co. Therefore, the company
is eligible for claiming input tax credit relating to its legal service that is availed from the
Maurice Blackburn.
5TAXATION LAW
Conclusion:
The study here can be concluded by stating that the vacant land amounts to CGT asset
and does not attracts GST. While the legal services availed from Maurice Blackburn will be
considered eligible for input tax credit because it was solely sought for business purpose.
Answer to question 2:
Sale of block of land:
In order to raise the CGT liability there must be two conditions that should be satisfied;
a. There should be a CGT-Asset and the asset must be purchased on or following
20/09/1985
b. There should also be a CGT event under “sec (104-5)”. For example, sale of CGT
asset under “CGT event A1”.
The taxpayers must note under “sec 104-10(5)(a), ITAA 1997” that capital gains or loss
must be ignored if the CGT asset is purchased prior to 20/9/1985 (Phan 2016). As the general
rule of CGT if the amount is categorized as ordinary and statutory income, then such amount
must be included in assessable income of the taxpayer under the rules of statutory income.
Under “s.104-10(4), ITAA 1997” The proceeds obtained from the sale of asset is compared
with the cost base of the asset (Armstrong 2016). To determine the CGT it is necessary to
understand the cost base of the CGT assets. Usually, there are five elements of cost base.
These includes
Conclusion:
The study here can be concluded by stating that the vacant land amounts to CGT asset
and does not attracts GST. While the legal services availed from Maurice Blackburn will be
considered eligible for input tax credit because it was solely sought for business purpose.
Answer to question 2:
Sale of block of land:
In order to raise the CGT liability there must be two conditions that should be satisfied;
a. There should be a CGT-Asset and the asset must be purchased on or following
20/09/1985
b. There should also be a CGT event under “sec (104-5)”. For example, sale of CGT
asset under “CGT event A1”.
The taxpayers must note under “sec 104-10(5)(a), ITAA 1997” that capital gains or loss
must be ignored if the CGT asset is purchased prior to 20/9/1985 (Phan 2016). As the general
rule of CGT if the amount is categorized as ordinary and statutory income, then such amount
must be included in assessable income of the taxpayer under the rules of statutory income.
Under “s.104-10(4), ITAA 1997” The proceeds obtained from the sale of asset is compared
with the cost base of the asset (Armstrong 2016). To determine the CGT it is necessary to
understand the cost base of the CGT assets. Usually, there are five elements of cost base.
These includes
6TAXATION LAW
1. Element 1: Under “sec 110-25 (2), ITAA 1997” money that is paid or need to be paid
for acquiring the CGT asset and the market value of any other property that is paid for
purchasing the asset.
2. Element 2: This element is concerned with the incidental cost of acquisition and sale
of CGT asset under “sec 110-25 (3), ITA Act 97” (Mahar 2016). This element
generally includes the agents commission, stamp duty expense, legal expenses, tax
advisor expense or advertisement expenses occurred by taxpayer for purchasing the
asset.
3. Element 3: Under “sec 110-25 (4), ITAA 1997” this element is associated with the
non-capital cost that is related with owning the asset which does not qualifies for
deduction. This includes the rates, land taxes, insurances, interest money borrowed for
acquiring the asset etc. This is usually applicable on assets which is purchased
following 21 August 1991.
4. Element 4: Expenses that is occurred increasing the CGT asset value under “sec 110-
25 (5), ITA Act 1997” is regarded as capital improvement cost. Examples of the cost
include the renovations, extensions etc.
5. Element 5: This element includes the expenses that is occurred for capital
expenditure purpose such as expenses incurred in defending or preserving the title
rights to the CGT-asset under “sec 110-25 (6), ITAA 1997”.
In the current case Emma being the owner of investment land bought in 1991 for
$250,000 was eventually sold for $1,000,000. Prior to making the sale of property there were
several expenses incurred by Emma. The purchase price paid for acquiring the asset is
included under the Element 1 of “sec 110-25 (2), ITA Act 1997” since it represents the
money paid by her to purchase the asset (Ingram 2016). Emma further incurred outgoings on
1. Element 1: Under “sec 110-25 (2), ITAA 1997” money that is paid or need to be paid
for acquiring the CGT asset and the market value of any other property that is paid for
purchasing the asset.
2. Element 2: This element is concerned with the incidental cost of acquisition and sale
of CGT asset under “sec 110-25 (3), ITA Act 97” (Mahar 2016). This element
generally includes the agents commission, stamp duty expense, legal expenses, tax
advisor expense or advertisement expenses occurred by taxpayer for purchasing the
asset.
3. Element 3: Under “sec 110-25 (4), ITAA 1997” this element is associated with the
non-capital cost that is related with owning the asset which does not qualifies for
deduction. This includes the rates, land taxes, insurances, interest money borrowed for
acquiring the asset etc. This is usually applicable on assets which is purchased
following 21 August 1991.
4. Element 4: Expenses that is occurred increasing the CGT asset value under “sec 110-
25 (5), ITA Act 1997” is regarded as capital improvement cost. Examples of the cost
include the renovations, extensions etc.
5. Element 5: This element includes the expenses that is occurred for capital
expenditure purpose such as expenses incurred in defending or preserving the title
rights to the CGT-asset under “sec 110-25 (6), ITAA 1997”.
In the current case Emma being the owner of investment land bought in 1991 for
$250,000 was eventually sold for $1,000,000. Prior to making the sale of property there were
several expenses incurred by Emma. The purchase price paid for acquiring the asset is
included under the Element 1 of “sec 110-25 (2), ITA Act 1997” since it represents the
money paid by her to purchase the asset (Ingram 2016). Emma further incurred outgoings on
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7TAXATION LAW
stamp duty and legal fees. These expenses are classified as incidental cost under “sec 110-25
(3)” and it is included under second element of cost base of land.
An interest on loan was occurred by Emma that amounted to $32,000 for the land.
Additionally, Emma further occurred expenses on council rates, insurance and water rates.
The interest amount paid for borrowed money along with council rates, water and insurance
expenses is regarded as the non-capital cost. Under “sec 110-25 (4), ITA Act 1997” these
expenses will be included under the third element cost base of land.
Emma also reported a sum of $5,000 on settling the dispute with the neighbour over
the land use. These expense should be viewed as capital expense for Emma under “sec 110-
25 (6) ITA Act 1997” because the expenses were incurred in defending the title to the CGT
asset. The amount will be included in fifth element cost base of the land.
Meanwhile, Emma also paid $25,000 for clearing the hazardous pine trees that were
on the land. These expenses will be viewed as capital improvement cost under “sec 110-25
(5)”, occurred mainly by Emma for improving the value of land. The land clearing expense
will be included in fourth element cost base.
stamp duty and legal fees. These expenses are classified as incidental cost under “sec 110-25
(3)” and it is included under second element of cost base of land.
An interest on loan was occurred by Emma that amounted to $32,000 for the land.
Additionally, Emma further occurred expenses on council rates, insurance and water rates.
The interest amount paid for borrowed money along with council rates, water and insurance
expenses is regarded as the non-capital cost. Under “sec 110-25 (4), ITA Act 1997” these
expenses will be included under the third element cost base of land.
Emma also reported a sum of $5,000 on settling the dispute with the neighbour over
the land use. These expense should be viewed as capital expense for Emma under “sec 110-
25 (6) ITA Act 1997” because the expenses were incurred in defending the title to the CGT
asset. The amount will be included in fifth element cost base of the land.
Meanwhile, Emma also paid $25,000 for clearing the hazardous pine trees that were
on the land. These expenses will be viewed as capital improvement cost under “sec 110-25
(5)”, occurred mainly by Emma for improving the value of land. The land clearing expense
will be included in fourth element cost base.
8TAXATION LAW
Sale of Emma’s 1000 shares:
The liability for CGT only happens when the CGT asset that is purchased on or
following 20-9-1985 (Sadiq 2016). Any asset that is purchased before the 20-9-1985 then it is
seen as pre-CGT asset and no capital gains tax is payable in this regard.
Sale of Emma’s 1000 shares:
The liability for CGT only happens when the CGT asset that is purchased on or
following 20-9-1985 (Sadiq 2016). Any asset that is purchased before the 20-9-1985 then it is
seen as pre-CGT asset and no capital gains tax is payable in this regard.
9TAXATION LAW
The sale of shares by Emma has led to “CGT event A1” under “sec 104-10 (ITAA
1997)” however as Emma has purchased the asset before the start of the CGT rule. Hence,
the capital gains which Emma has earned from selling her assets in Rio Tinto will be
excluded from capital gains tax regime because it is pre-CGT asset.
Sale of stamp collection:
Assets that are kept by taxpayer for their own amusement and private use then they
are treated as collectables under “sec 108-10 (2), ITA Act 1997”. The illustrations of these
type of assets are paintings, sculptures, jewellery, antiques and painting. While “sec 108-10
(1), ITAA 1997” says that capital loss which is made from selling the collectable is permitted
for offset against the capital gain that a taxpayer makes from selling another collectable
(Kennedy 2016). Emma has sold a collection of stamp bought from the private collector. The
stamps have been characterized as collectable under sec “sec 108-10 (2), ITA Act 1997”. The
sale of collectable amounts to “CGT event A1” under “sec 104-10, ITA Act 1997”.
The sale of shares by Emma has led to “CGT event A1” under “sec 104-10 (ITAA
1997)” however as Emma has purchased the asset before the start of the CGT rule. Hence,
the capital gains which Emma has earned from selling her assets in Rio Tinto will be
excluded from capital gains tax regime because it is pre-CGT asset.
Sale of stamp collection:
Assets that are kept by taxpayer for their own amusement and private use then they
are treated as collectables under “sec 108-10 (2), ITA Act 1997”. The illustrations of these
type of assets are paintings, sculptures, jewellery, antiques and painting. While “sec 108-10
(1), ITAA 1997” says that capital loss which is made from selling the collectable is permitted
for offset against the capital gain that a taxpayer makes from selling another collectable
(Kennedy 2016). Emma has sold a collection of stamp bought from the private collector. The
stamps have been characterized as collectable under sec “sec 108-10 (2), ITA Act 1997”. The
sale of collectable amounts to “CGT event A1” under “sec 104-10, ITA Act 1997”.
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10TAXATION LAW
The calculation that is done above shows that a loss has occurred by Emma. Under
“sec 108-10 (1), ITA Act 1997” the capital loss from stamps need to be ignored by Emma.
Sale of piano:
“Subdiv 108-C” is concerned with personal use asset. Under “sec 108-20 (2)”, these
assets are used by an individual for private purpose only. Examples of personal use assets are
furniture, household items and electrical items (Cara 2016). Meanwhile “sec 108-20 (1),
ITAA 1997” capital loss on personal use asset is ignored. Emma has sold grand piano in
2015. She purchased it for $80,000 in 2000 and sold it for $30,000. The piano is a personal
use asset under the meaning of “sec 108-20 (2), ITA Act 1997”. On selling the piano a capital
loss happened. Under “sec 108-20 (1)”, the capital loss should necessarily be ignored by
Emma.
The calculation that is done above shows that a loss has occurred by Emma. Under
“sec 108-10 (1), ITA Act 1997” the capital loss from stamps need to be ignored by Emma.
Sale of piano:
“Subdiv 108-C” is concerned with personal use asset. Under “sec 108-20 (2)”, these
assets are used by an individual for private purpose only. Examples of personal use assets are
furniture, household items and electrical items (Cara 2016). Meanwhile “sec 108-20 (1),
ITAA 1997” capital loss on personal use asset is ignored. Emma has sold grand piano in
2015. She purchased it for $80,000 in 2000 and sold it for $30,000. The piano is a personal
use asset under the meaning of “sec 108-20 (2), ITA Act 1997”. On selling the piano a capital
loss happened. Under “sec 108-20 (1)”, the capital loss should necessarily be ignored by
Emma.
11TAXATION LAW
References:
Armstrong, M., 2016. CGT withholding on real estate transactions in Australia. Mondaq
Business Briefing, pp.Mondaq Business Briefing, March 11, 2016.
Cara W, 2016. Tax breaks on super, capital gains cost $380 billion. The Sydney Morning
Herald (Sydney, Australia), p.11.
Dootson, P and Suzor, N, 2015. The game of clones and the Australia tax: Divergent views
about copyright business models and the willingness of Australian consumers to infringe.
University of New South Wales Law Journal, The, 38(1), pp.206–239.
Ingram, P, 2016. Tax files: More than meets the eye - the new 'foreign resident capital gains
tax withholding regime'. Bulletin (Law Society of South Australia), 38(5), pp.36–37.
Jacob G, 2015. GST reform inevitable: CPD group. , pp.Australasian Business Intelligence,
April 13, 2015.
Joanna M, 2015. Revamp vital for revenue raising. , pp.Australasian Business Intelligence,
March 5, 2015.
Kennedy, A., 2016. New regime for withholding CGT when purchasing Australian land.
Mondaq Business Briefing, pp.Mondaq Business Briefing, Feb 8, 2016.
Krever, R, 2015. GST and death: the puzzle is missing some pieces.(Goods and Service Tax)
(Brief Article). Australasian Business Intelligence, pp.Australasian Business Intelligence,
March 23, 2015.
Mahar, F, 2016. The distortive effects of the capital gains tax regime. Tax Specialist, 20(1),
pp.16–20.
References:
Armstrong, M., 2016. CGT withholding on real estate transactions in Australia. Mondaq
Business Briefing, pp.Mondaq Business Briefing, March 11, 2016.
Cara W, 2016. Tax breaks on super, capital gains cost $380 billion. The Sydney Morning
Herald (Sydney, Australia), p.11.
Dootson, P and Suzor, N, 2015. The game of clones and the Australia tax: Divergent views
about copyright business models and the willingness of Australian consumers to infringe.
University of New South Wales Law Journal, The, 38(1), pp.206–239.
Ingram, P, 2016. Tax files: More than meets the eye - the new 'foreign resident capital gains
tax withholding regime'. Bulletin (Law Society of South Australia), 38(5), pp.36–37.
Jacob G, 2015. GST reform inevitable: CPD group. , pp.Australasian Business Intelligence,
April 13, 2015.
Joanna M, 2015. Revamp vital for revenue raising. , pp.Australasian Business Intelligence,
March 5, 2015.
Kennedy, A., 2016. New regime for withholding CGT when purchasing Australian land.
Mondaq Business Briefing, pp.Mondaq Business Briefing, Feb 8, 2016.
Krever, R, 2015. GST and death: the puzzle is missing some pieces.(Goods and Service Tax)
(Brief Article). Australasian Business Intelligence, pp.Australasian Business Intelligence,
March 23, 2015.
Mahar, F, 2016. The distortive effects of the capital gains tax regime. Tax Specialist, 20(1),
pp.16–20.
12TAXATION LAW
Phan, L., 2016. Australia's Foreign Resident Capital Gains Tax Withholding Regime.
Mondaq Business Briefing, pp.Mondaq Business Briefing, Sept 29, 2016.
Phillip C, 2015. ACOSS: GST rise should be last resort. Australasian Business Intelligence,
pp.Australasian Business Intelligence, Nov 4, 2015.
Richard, R, 2014. Goods and service tax and loyalty programs. Keeping Good Companies,
64(7), p.428.
Richards, R, 2015. GST and compulsory acquisitions.(goods and service tax)(Brief Article).
Australasian Business Intelligence, pp.Australasian Business Intelligence, Feb 10, 2015.
Sadiq, K. et al., 2016. Principles of taxation law 2016 Ninth., Sydney: Thomson Reuters.
Wiese, R., 2015. You may be responsible for customs duty and GST even if you're not the
importer! Mondaq Business Briefing, pp.Mondaq Business Briefing, June 8, 2015.
Phan, L., 2016. Australia's Foreign Resident Capital Gains Tax Withholding Regime.
Mondaq Business Briefing, pp.Mondaq Business Briefing, Sept 29, 2016.
Phillip C, 2015. ACOSS: GST rise should be last resort. Australasian Business Intelligence,
pp.Australasian Business Intelligence, Nov 4, 2015.
Richard, R, 2014. Goods and service tax and loyalty programs. Keeping Good Companies,
64(7), p.428.
Richards, R, 2015. GST and compulsory acquisitions.(goods and service tax)(Brief Article).
Australasian Business Intelligence, pp.Australasian Business Intelligence, Feb 10, 2015.
Sadiq, K. et al., 2016. Principles of taxation law 2016 Ninth., Sydney: Thomson Reuters.
Wiese, R., 2015. You may be responsible for customs duty and GST even if you're not the
importer! Mondaq Business Briefing, pp.Mondaq Business Briefing, June 8, 2015.
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