TCP/IP and Subnets | Question and Answer

Running head: TCP/IP AND SUBNETS
TCP/IP and Subnets
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Author Note

TCP/IP AND SUBNETS1
Table of Contents
Question 1..................................................................................................................................2
What is a link-layer frame? A network layer datagram? A transport-layer
segment? And application-layer message?...........................................................2
Question 2..................................................................................................................................3
Is it possible for an application to enjoy reliable data transfer even when the application
runs over UDP? If so, how?...................................................................................................3
Question 3..................................................................................................................................4
Subnet Classification..............................................................................................................4
Question 4..................................................................................................................................5
Use of Protocols.....................................................................................................................5
References..................................................................................................................................6

TCP/IP AND SUBNETS2
Question 1
What is a link-layer frame? A network layer datagram? A
transport-layer segment? And application-layer message?
Link-layer frames are communication units which are found in the data link layer. The
data link layer obtains the data packets sent through network layer and then performs
encapsulation of the packets into frames. When the frame size happens to be larger than
expected, these packets get broken to multiple smaller sized frames. From receiver’s side, the
data link layer picks the signals delivered and assemble the respective frames.
The data link-layer frames have various components and these are the following:
 Frame Header
 Payload Field
 Trailer
 Flag
The frame header stores source and destination addresses of the frames and the control
bytes. The payload field stores message specific data which must get delivered. The trailer
comprises of the error detection as well as error correction bits and is even known as frame
check sequence. Two flags at each end marks the start and end of the frames.
The packets in the IPv4 layer are called datagrams (Gupta, Kumar & Barve, 2017).
Datagrams are variable length packets consisting to main parts. These are the header part and
the data part. The length of the header can vary between 20 to 60 bytes and stores information
that are necessary for routing purposes. The Network layer is a connectionless service and the
packets created by the source host traverse through multiple routers till it reaches the router
whose internal network contains the destination host of the packet.