TCP/IP Networking: OSI vs TCP/IP Model, Hands-On Projects, ARP, Case Study Task

This article provides an in-depth understanding of TCP/IP Networking through a comparison between OSI and TCP/IP Model, Hands-On Projects, ARP, and Case Study Task. It covers subnet mask calculation, IP address calculation, and network design for Foreshore IT Solutions.

Running head: TCP/IP NETWORKING
TCP/IP Networking
Name of the Student
Name of the University
Author Note

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Table of Contents
1. Comparison between OSI reference Model with TCP/IP Networking Model............................2
2. Completed Hands - On Project....................................................................................................3
2. 1 Hands – on Project 2 - 3.................................................................................................3
2. 2 Hands on Project 2 – 5...................................................................................................3
3. ARP (Address Resolution Protocol)............................................................................................6
4. Case Study Task..........................................................................................................................6
4. 1 Introduction....................................................................................................................6
4. 2 Detailed Simple Addressing Solution Design................................................................7
4. 3 Conclusion......................................................................................................................9
5. Bibliography..............................................................................................................................11

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1. Comparison between OSI reference Model with TCP/IP Networking Model
OSI Reference Model TCP/IP Networking Model
Delivery of packets has been guaranteed by
the transport layer in the OSI model
The transport layer in TCP/IP model does not
guarantee the packets’ delivery and despite of
this, it is more reliable
It has been a protocol independent standard
and generic, which acts as a communication
gateway between the end user and the
network
It is based on the standard protocols and has
been a communication protocol that allows
the hosts to be connected over the internet
It have a separate session layer and
presentation layer
It does not have a separate session layer and
presentation layer
It follows vertical approach It follows horizontal approach
The transport layer has been connection
oriented
The transport layer has been both the
connectionless and the connection oriented
It has a problem fitting the protocols within
the model
It does not fit with any protocol
It has seven layers It has four layers
It provides connectionless and connection
oriented services
It provides connectionless services
Working with the TCP/IP networking model can be more useful in the network
development as it can be helpful in enabling the full control over the network through specifying
the mechanism of the information exchange over the network. It is helpful in effective and

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proper network management through assembling small packets of the data and transferring it
over the network.
2. Completed Hands - On Project
2. 1 Hands – on Project 2 - 3
Subnet mask Calculation for the Required Number of IPV4 Subnets
The website “gestioip.net” is visited and the Ipv4 address is inputted for finding the
details of the IP address. The bitmask is kept 24 for allowing 254 number of host to be connected
in the network and it can also be used for mapping of the IPv4 address with the IPv6 address
and configure a dual stack network for enabling communication with the network configured
with IPv6 address scheme.
2. 2 Hands on Project 2 – 5
IP Address 192.168.0.1: Subnet Calculation

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Subnet mask Mask Bits Subnet bits Host
Address
range
Hosts per
subnet
Broadcast
Address
255.255.255.192 26 2 192.168.0.1
-
192.168.0.62
62 192.168.0.63
IP Address 10.0.0.1: Subnet Calculation

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TCP/IP NETWORKING
Maximum
subnets
Subnet bits Mask Bits Host
Address
range
Hosts per
subnet
Broadcast
Address
256 8 16 10.0.0.1 -
10.0.255.254
65534 10.0.255.255
Further experiment was done on the Network class B that has an IP adress of 172.16.0.1
and following results were found:
Maximum
subnets
Subnet bits Mask Bits Host
Address
range
Hosts per
subnet
Broadcast
Address
128 7 23 172.16.0.1 -
172.16.1.254
510 172.16.1.255

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3. ARP (Address Resolution Protocol)
The ARP to the physical machine addresses can map the internet protocol address
recognized in the local network. The table namely ‘ARP cache’ is being used in general for the
maintenance of the relationship between the IP addresses and the MAC address.
4. Case Study Task
4. 1 Introduction
This report emphasizes network solutions for the ‘Foreshore IT Solutions’ company that
has been expanding its business through establishing six sites across Adelaide in manner to allow
the accommodation of its various departments. The prototype of the network design has been
proposed in this report. This report also presents a “simple network address solution” for the
router’s configuration has also been proposed in manner to enable the effective and efficient
communication between the various departments of the Forshore IT Solutions.

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4. 2 Detailed Simple Addressing Solution Design
Figure 1: Network Diagram
(Source: created by author)
Six offices will be having six different routers that will be connected with the central
router as expressed in the above figure. The central router and the Cloud will be connected with
each other passing through the firewall. This will be helpful in controlling the traffic, the
interface of the router will be configured through the first IP address, and rest of the IPs will be
reserved. The reserved IP will be helpful in supporting the further growth of the Foreshore IT
solution company.
Major Network: 10.0.0.0/21
IP addresses: 2046

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Needed count of the IP addresse: 1130
Available IP addresses: 2036
Approximately 100% space of the available major network address space has been used
Approximately 56% space of the subnetted network address space has been used
Subnet
Name
Allocated
Size
Needed
Size
Address Dec Mask Broadcast Mask Assignable
Range
IT Call
Centre
1022 520 10.0.0.0 255.255.252.0 10.0.3.255 /22 10.0.0.1 -
10.0.3.254
Finance
office
510 260 10.0.4.0 255.255.254.0 10.0.5.255 /23 10.0.4.1 -
10.0.5.254
Research
and
Development
Office
126 120 10.0.7.0 255.255.255.128 10.0.7.127 /25 10.0.7.1 -
10.0.7.126
Information
Technology
254 130 10.0.6.0 255.255.255.0 10.0.6.255 /24 10.0.6.1 -
10.0.6.254
Marketing
Department
62 40 10.0.7.19
2
255.255.255.192 10.0.7.255 /26 10.0.7.193
-
10.0.7.254
Head 62 60 10.0.7.12 255.255.255.192 10.0.7.191 /26 10.0.7.129

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Office 8 -
10.0.7.190
The data represented in the above table has been noted considering the needs and
requirements of the Foreshore IT solution company. The table represents the complete
establishment of the IT infrastructure within the six sites including 1200 workstations.
Considering the assignable range of IP address and the minimum wastage of the IP address, the
subnet has been calculated that is capable of presenting the favorable solution for the company. It
can be recommended that can be configured with the DHCP protocol in manner to allocate the IP
addresses top the hosts those have been connected to the network as per the identified subnet for
each of the department. There is the need of the configuration again due to the situation of the
enhancement in the number of the hosts. There will be the need of the calculation of the subnets
and configuration of the router in manner to allow the effective communication between the
workstations. In manner to calculate the subnet mask VLSM, there will be the need of the CIDR
in manner to establish the network communication between the routers at the workstations and
the central router. The isolation process can be helpful in enhancing the security of the
established network.
4. 3 Conclusion
The facts presented in the above report can be helpful in concluding that the aspects
related to the development of a network solution has been presented in the above report in
manner to provide an efficient and secured communication network for the Forshore IT solution
company. the networkn recommended in he above report will be helpful in allowing th
configuration of the router using DHCP protocols and will be addressing the problems identified

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within the Forshore company. “If case of sudden increase of the host to1204 for each of the
department the whole address plan needs to be reconfigured with the application of the new
address plan.”

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5. Bibliography
Alani, M. M. (2014). Guide to OSI and TCP/IP models.
Bruschi, D., Di Pasquale, A., Ghilardi, S., Lanzi, A., & Pagani, E. (2017, September). Formal
Verification of ARP (Address Resolution Protocol) Through SMT-Based Model
Checking-A Case Study. In International Conference on Integrated Formal Methods (pp.
391-406). Springer, Cham.
Edwards, J., & Bramante, R. (2015). Networking self-teaching guide: OSI, TCP/IP, LANs,
MANs, WANs, implementation, management, and maintenance. John Wiley & Sons.
Goralski, W. (2017). The illustrated network: how TCP/IP works in a modern network. Morgan
Kaufmann.
Hua, Y. (2016, April). Cheetah: An efficient flat addressing scheme for fast query services in
cloud computing. In INFOCOM 2016-The 35th Annual IEEE International Conference
on Computer Communications, IEEE (pp. 1-9). IEEE.
IPv4/IPv6 subnet calculator and addressing planner. (2018). Gestioip.net. Retrieved 19 March
2018, from http://www.gestioip.net/cgi-bin/subnet_calculator.cgi
Ma, C., Xie, Y., Chen, H., Deng, Y., & Yan, W. (2014, May). Simplified addressing scheme for
mixed radix FFT algorithms. In Acoustics, Speech and Signal Processing (ICASSP),
2014 IEEE International Conference on (pp. 8355-8359). IEEE.
Porter, C. (2018). Online IP Subnet Calculator. Subnet-calculator.com. Retrieved 19 March
2018, from http://www.subnet-calculator.com/
Yadav, S. (2015). OSI Model.

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Yang, J. P. (2015). Web-Based Enterprise Management-Address Resolution Protocol: An
Efficient Scheme for Preventing Address Resolution Protocol Spoofing. Advanced
Science, Engineering and Medicine, 7(11), 1003-1006.
Younes, O. S. (2018). Modeling and performance analysis of a new secure address resolution
protocol. International Journal of Communication Systems, 31(1).