Developing Teaching, Learning and Assessment in Education and Training

This essay discusses different theories of behaviour management and ways to provide safe and inclusive learning environment in education and training. It explores Skinner's Operant Conditioning, William Glasser's Choice Theory, and Kohn's Student Direct Learning Theory. The essay emphasizes the importance of creating a safe and sustainable learning environment for better understanding and development of students.

UNIT B: DEVELOPING TEACHING, LEARNING
AND ASSESSMENT IN EDUCATION AND
TRAINING

Table of Contents
INTRODUCTION...........................................................................................................................3
MAIN BODY...................................................................................................................................3
Behaviour management theory....................................................................................................3
Safe inclusive learning environment............................................................................................4
CONCLUSION................................................................................................................................6
REFERENCES................................................................................................................................1

INTRODUCTION
Teaching learning and assessment refers to act of judging how learning takes place in
schools. Assessment means to evaluate performance of students and different ways can be
identified to provide education to children (Anthony and et.al., 2019). The essay examines,
behaviour management and different theories of behaviour management which can be applied by
teachers. Further, ways to provide safe and inclusive learning environment.
MAIN BODY
Behaviour management theory
“Behaviour management is not about maintaining discipline or about punishment of
unwanted and disruptive behaviour or giving reward for good behaviour” (Donos and et.al.,
2021) (pp.46-57).. Behaviour management is about the strategies and methods, where teachers
can ensure that students make the most out of their schooling. It is a popular concept that focuses
on how children learn. It aims on the ideas that all behaviours are learned with interaction
thorough environment. There are various theories such as :
Skinner's Operant Conditioning: It is also called the behaviourism theory. The
behavioural learning theory is a key in understanding how to motivate and help students.
Information is transferred from teachers to students. Teachers use this theory to show students
how they should react and respond to certain stimuli. It should be done in repetitive way so that
students can be regularly reminded in what way they have to behave. A positive reinforcement is
a key in behavioural learning theory. Without positive reinforcement, it will result in student
abandoning their responses as they don't appear to be working.
William Glasser's Choice Theory: It was developed by William Glasser in 1998. It states
that all we do is behave. It suggests that almost all behaviour is chosen and by genetics we are
driven to satisfy the five basic needs: survival, love, freedom, power and belongingness.
“Education is not preparation for life; education is life itself'(Ebnosharieh, 2019) (pp.53-60).. So
a classroom should be a place that satisfies the basic needs of the students. Teachers can achieve
this by developing positive relationship with their students and creating an active learning
experience that demonstrates mastery and success of students.

Kohn's Student Direct Learning Theory: It is theory which was developed by Alfie Kohn
it is a very modern concept theory . The theory believes in classroom where students are the
centre of everything, a classroom where student exchange ideas, display of students projects and
multiple activities are conducted for development of students.. According to this theory learning
is more about making meaning rather than just about receiving information. It should be driven
by cooperation and curiosity rather than just a standardised and distant curriculum.
Safe inclusive learning environment
“Education is the most powerful weapon which you can use to change the world”(Li, and
et.al., 2021) (p.036401).. It is very important to create an environment which is safe and sustain
for inclusive learning as its supports the growth of the individuals in their young age and into
their adult life.
Inclusive education is very important as it provides better opportunities for learning. It allows
students to work on their individual goals while being with other students. Most importantly it
fosters a culture of respect and belongingness and gives students opportunity to develop
friendships with each other and learn about and accept the individual differences. With using the
various theories of behaviour it is easier to create a safe and sustainable inclusive learning
environment.
That is with using of the Kohn's Direct Learning theory a teacher can create a positive
classroom environment by avoiding stereotypes in curriculum and syllabus, and where students
can freely exchange there thoughts and ideas with one another and with the teachers. Also, by
conducting multiple activities based on development of students they can mould the behaviour of
students in the right direction and lead them towards a becoming a better person in their life.
Skinner's behaviourism theory shows student that in what manner they have to behave so by
using this theory teachers can develop a learning environment where clear rules are already set
about how individual have to treat one another and building policy and procedures which are non
discriminatory so that an environment is created where there is equality and everyone is treated
equally and it will result in motivating the students as they are feel valued and feel a
belongingness and guide them towards a positive behaviour.
Also, the choice theory suggest that an eminent classroom is one where the basic needs of
students are fulfilled and above all they need for belongingness is satisfies. So by creating an
environment which promotes equality, coordination, cooperation, trust, teamwork, love between

one another is very important for the development and growth of students. By keeping in mind
that diversity is strength, it can create an environment which respects and recognizes the
differences related to ethnicity and faith and promoting multiculturalism and building a positive
attitude which results in positive behaviour of individuals. And hence building a safe and
sustainable learning environment for better understanding and development of students.
Reflection
It is important to create safe and healthy environment to students for learning new things
and for enhancing their knowledge. There are some behavioural theories which can be applied by
students for creating safe and inclusive teaching and learning environment. I apply Kohn’s direct
learning theory for creating and maintaining a safe, inclusive and learning environment. This
theory focuses on classroom because it is a place where students can learn new things which is
beneficial for their growth and development. According to my opinion, this behavioural theory is
beneficial for creating safe teaching and learning environment. Kohn theory refer to providing
education to students in classroom. It is the place where children can realize that they are having
the ability to think, learn new things, change things and develop skills which is beneficial for
their growth and development.
Direct learning is best method for providing education to children and teachers also feel
good because they can focus on individual children and make improvements for benefit of
children. “Teaching is the greatest act of optimisim” (Dewi and Primayana, 2019) (pp.19-26).. I
like to learn new things and for teaching & learning classroom is the best place. I learn things in
classroom because there we can interact with teacher directly and there is no disturbance. In
classroom, teachers are able to focus on every student and give equal chance to children to share
their views or ideas. When students are going to school they interact with other children and earn
new things from them. This help in enhancing knowledge of children and improvements can be
done in performance of children by analysing their work.
In my opinion, teachers can give assignments and different activities can be conducted
like, games can be organised, topics can be explained through presentations because it is easiest
way to educate students. Kohn’s direct learning theory helps in encouraging direct
communication. This theory is beneficial for me as I learn lot of things in classroom and develop
skills which is beneficial in my future growth. Learning theories provide a basis to understand
different ways to explain, describe and analyse performance of students (Swan, 2020). In

classroom, student have different opportunities and ways of learning things. Teachers are
focusing on every student and measuring performance of individual student to ensure that they
are learning things and developing skills which is beneficial for their growth and development.
CONCLUSION
From the above discussion it can be concluded that, in education and training, learning and
teaching practices play a crucial role. Different theories of behaviour management like, Kohn’s
direct learning theory, Skinners’s operant conditioning, William glasser’s choice theory has been
discussed. These help in learning and teaching methods so that good environment can be
provided to children. Further, safe and inclusive learning environment provided to children has
been described.

REFERENCES
Books and journals
Anthony, B., and et.al., 2019. Exploring the role of blended learning for teaching and learning
effectiveness in institutions of higher learning: An empirical investigation. Education
and Information Technologies. 24(6). (pp.3433-3466).
Dewi, P. Y. and Primayana, K. H., 2019. Effect of learning module with setting contextual
teaching and learning to increase the understanding of concepts. International Journal
of Education and Learning. 1(1). (pp.19-26).
Donos and et.al., 2021. The effect of a behavioural management tool in adults with mild to
moderate periodontitis. A single‐blind, randomized controlled trial. Journal of
Periodontal Research. 56(1). (pp.46-57).
Ebnosharieh, J. and Aghili, S.M., 2019. Effectiveness of group based reality therapy based on
Glasser choice theory on the general health and obsessive beliefs of divorced
women. Journal of Gorgan University of Medical Sciences. 20(4). (pp.53-60).
Li, and et.al., 2021. Kohn-Sham equations as regularizer: Building prior knowledge into
machine-learned physics. Physical review letters. 126(3). (p.036401).
Swan, K., 2020. Teaching and learning in post-industrial distance education. In An Introduction
to Distance Education (pp. 67-89). Routledge.
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