Theories and Models of Teaching and Learning: Understanding Behaviourism in Education and Training

Principals and Models
in Education and
Training

INTRODUCTION
Teaching is an important process in the individual life because it focuses on learning new skills
and knowledge which helps an individual to grow in the career (Han and et.al., 2018). This
report aims to understand the important concept of teaching and learning. This report will
include the understanding of theories and models of learning. In addition to this, it also covers
some important models of communication, assessment, curriculum development and reflection
and evaluation (Renshaw, and et.al., 2019). The report will also demonstrate a lesson plan for
evaluating teaching methods and resources. Also, there will be discussion about the theories and
models used for communicating with students
MAIN BODY
TASK 2: Facilitative teaching and learning
Lesson plan
Learning Area: Travel and tourism Size 40
Timing: 2 Hours
Topic: Understanding the travel and tourism
Method: lecture cum demonstration
Intended
Learning
Outcomes
Student will be able to learn about the following areas:
 The meaning of travel and tourism
 The approaches used to attract tourists.
 The importance of tourism in GDP of nation
Procedure Engagement of students:
 With the help of power point slides
 The use of student’s engagement activities
Resources Lectures notes and PPT slides.
Questions To know the importance of tourism and effective ways to attract tourists?
Evaluation In order to evaluate the performance of the students feedback at the end of
session will take place
Time 120 minutes
Objectives The students will be able to understand the concept of travel and tourism.
They will also be able to know about the best ways to attract the tourists.
10:00AM Meaning and concept of tourism

11:00AM Ways to attract tourists.
Rationale
There is need of using right resource in order to deliver the lesson plan. Power point
presentation is one of the important resource that helps to teach the students and let the learn key
concepts. There is the various learning preference where learners learn different modes of the
medium. The VARK model helps in knowing about the learning preference of the students. The
various categories of learners are visual learners, auditory learners, read and write learners,
kinesthetic learns. It depends upon the learner how they learn the information. This model is
giving information about visual learning. In this method, the teacher gives the information
through pictures and diagrams (Musgrove Et. Al., 2018) The second category is auditory
learning which includes music, discussion, and lecture. Another method is reading and writing
this method is used by the teacher in the classroom where they give the books and notes. This
method is elaborating the student knowledge by various means so they add the notes which give
the information. The last method is kinaesthetic learning this learning is all about the learner
learning by the feel and touch. The teacher gives the experiment in the class and students learn
through the movement of hands-on activities. The more of visual learners are present in the
classroom and that is the reason use of power point slides to deliver the lesson is being done.
This helps the learners to know about the key points and remember the flow charts being used
(Wong and Li, 2019). Now the schools also focus on the learning need so they add various
resources in the classroom they add models, charts, and projects so the class become attractive.
Every teacher uses innovative technology for the learning process. This provides opportunities
for the students so that they are able to solve all the problems, and discover themselves
effectively. The use of lecture cum demonstration helps to provide best to the students as they
are able to see examples. This enhances their retaining power and they are able to learn in best
suitable manner. The demonstration helps to keep the students engaged in the class (Berlinger
and Zacharias, 2019). The main reason of using this method is to enhance the learning level of
the students. Also, it is a simple and speedy method of teaching the students. The knowledge of
students also gets enhanced with the use of this method. According to humanist and facilitative
school of thought, there is need of knowing about behaviour of students at the time of teaching
them. This is important part of behaviourism theory that helps in their personal growth and self-

actualisation of the students. There is need of effective communication in order to teach the
students. Communication is the best way to connect people it is a two-way process.
Communication required sender and receiver. When the sender communicates the message to
and the receiver gives feedback this is effective communication. When the communication is
proper then it is reflected in the form of feedback. The students are able to provide their feedback
from the topics they have learned in effective manner. The use of proper communication helps to
create better learning environment and teach the students in appropriate manner.
TASK 3
Describing and analysing models and principals of behaviourism as a teaching and learning
method/style.
The theories, principles, and models are the most important factor in learning. This factor
is influence learning when the teacher uses it in the teaching. This factor is helping the teacher to
understand the student's behaviour. When the student is an infant they learn their sensory organs
when they learn is going to the toddler stage they learn by their environment where their parent
talks (Al-Shammari, Faulkner and Forlin, 2019). They connect the words. When they come to
the initial stage they explore the various information now they connect with the teacher. Now the
child school age they are going to school. At this stage, they develop social relationships with
outsiders. This stage is helping the teacher to understand the student's psychology.
Behaviourism theory is given by Pavlov, this theory is all about the condition and stimulus. This
is the stimulus and response theory. Pavlov creates experiments on the dog. They give the food
to the dog when the dog sees the food they drop its saliva. It is the response when the food is
given there is the basic response (Bommasani and et.al., 2021). But now Pavlov gives them food
with a bell that time dog does not drop the saliva because it is the conditioning. Now Pavlov first
rang the bell and gives food now the dog is aware of the bell they understand the bell and they
drop the saliva and the conditioning. This theory is giving information about stimulus and
response. When the teacher gives the stimulus then the student gives the response. When
teachers apply these theories in their teaching they deeply understand the student behaviour.
They also know when the student goes to the pedagogy level the teacher gives only rote learning.
When a student goes andragogy stage teacher develops an understanding and this stage gives