Technical Report for Pneumatic System Experiment

TECHNICAL REPORT FOR PNEUMATIC SYSTEM EXPERIMENT1
TECHNICAL REPORT FOR PNEUMATIC SYSTEM EXPERIMENT
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TECHNICAL REPORT FOR PNEUMATIC SYSTEM EXPERIMENT2
Introduction
The design used in manufacturing pneumatic systems varies depending on where it will be used
for work. The systems are designed through circuit diagrams to give a clear picture of how they
function. Different components are being used to make a circuit, and they include; cylinders,
control valves, directional valves, signals that generate elements for initiating the process such as
shuttle and two pressure valves (McCloy and Martin, 2015). The circuits in the system control
the entry and exit of air compressed in the cylinders. They are also designed in a way that one
valve is used to control another and also to control the actuators (Frank and Stabenow, 2018).
Therefore, in this report, we are going to analyze pneumatic systems and their circuits,
depending on the purpose they are designed for.
Comparisons of application circuit diagrams
In Annex A circuit diagram for stamping, it is the cylinder. It is controlled directly by the
actuator through the directional control valve. In this design of a single-acting cylinder of the
stamping facility, the valves are made in either to be controlled electrically or manually (McCloy
and Martin, 2015). Unlike the other circuit diagram for the securement device, the circuit in the
single-acting cylinder is favorable enough to operate at low speeds. In the single-acting cylinder,
when the valve for directional control is actuated through the push button, the other valves
switch to opening another position to initiate the source for the work through the cylinder
volume. Thus, forward motion for the piston occurs. The valve closes when the push button gets
released since the spring in the cylinder, restores the valve to it is current position (Krivts and
Krejnin, 2016). This applies to a single-acting cylinder.

TECHNICAL REPORT FOR PNEUMATIC SYSTEM EXPERIMENT3
The big difference between the circuit systems of pneumatics is that the double-acting cylinder is
designed to use 5/2 for the directional valve, unlike for the single-acting cylinder with a 3/2
directional control valve from the circuit diagrams. In a double-acting cylinder, to control the
fluid flow for both sides, the valves that control the flow of the liquid are connected to the inlets
to control the speed unlike for the single-cylinder valves (Krivts and Krejnin, 2016). The valve
that controls the direction of the fluid flow is placed opposite to the valve that releases air to the
single-acting cylinder. The valve that controls the flow of the fluid in the designed system is
more stable and tougher to control the flow in the circuit of the double-acting cylinder (Dhami,
2017). The piston can be driven when the circuit is connecting as to the above design allowing
more air pressure into the cylinder with lots of energy.
Further, looking at the design of the double-acting cylinder when under single control while in
operation, it needs to maintain it is the position even if the signal disappears. However, this is
only under a pneumatic system with a circuit inbuilt with memory function that will help in
controlling all the valves. In the above in report, the emphasis was on direct control of the
double-acting cylinder to single on their mechanisms of operation (Meyer et al., 2016).
Working Fluid in Circuit Systems
In most engineering sections, the commonly used fluids in-circuit systems are hydraulic fluid or
compressed air, which is the media used to transmit energy. The systems involved in each fluid
mechanism can have different characteristics in different ways it functions (Muralidhara, 2017).
For instance, in the case of the circuits in Appex A diagrams, hydraulic will be perfect on the
work due to it is properties.

TECHNICAL REPORT FOR PNEUMATIC SYSTEM EXPERIMENT4
The comparison of hydraulic fluid used in the two designs will differ in their operations and
working style to deliver the energy needed to complete the task (Yang et al., 2015). In the
hydraulic system, there is a reservoir that is fixed for prime mover when the system designed is
working. Hydraulic fluid is efficient due to its uncompressible property as it gives accurate
results when the actuators are also controlled to accuracy level (McCloy and Martin, 2015).
Mineral oil is the most hydraulic machines prefer unlike other fluids such as ethylene glycol.
In every design made, there must be a good and bad state of it when being used. There are
drawbacks to hydraulics in the industry, and the cost is one of the major when it comes to power
units for the machine. This varies due to it is efficient when the operating costs are lowered
because the life of the machine is too long. Another issue with hydraulics is that there can be
poor practices in plumbing when support is not there since profuse can occur. The design of
circuits if not done professionally, can result in an exaggeration of low viscosity being
overheated (Muralidhara, 2017). Thus, proper designs and good procedures of plumbing, use of
quality materials in the designs and doing appropriate maintenance to the machines the leaks can
eliminate and thus, increasing the efficiency of the machines.
Control of Casting Ladle circuit
In the circuit, diagram A contains the following components according to standards of ISO 1219.
1. Double-acting cylinder, the cylinder has adjustable cushioning in the ends both sides.
2. The circuit has two one-way flow control valves as they help to make the fluid flow in
one direction.
3. The directional control valve for 5/2 way is a control valve for directional flow in the
circuit from 1 to 4 and from 2 to 3.