The assignment content discusses the importance of network security controls to safeguard a large network like FNU's from various attacks. It highlights five security controls: authentication, authorization, cryptography, device fingerprinting, and malware defense. The centralized authentication system is proposed using LDAP Protocol, while Cisco Access Control Server can be employed for authorization. The SafeNet 330 smartcard is recommended for achieving cryptography. Device fingerprinting is implemented through Fingerbank, an open-source tool that detects devices based on their MAC address, TCP signatures, DHCP fingerprint, and User-Agent. Malware defense is achieved using Microsoft Malicious Software Removal Tool.