Technology in Organisations: Role of Big Data, IT Security and Privacy Measures, Cellular Network

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This report explores the role of big data in organisations, including its benefits and its use in different departments. It also discusses IT security and privacy measures for Arden University and provides an overview of cellular networks.
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TECHNOLOGY IN
ORGANISATIONS
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
INTRODUCTION...........................................................................................................................2
QUESTION 1..................................................................................................................................2
Role of Big data...........................................................................................................................2
Key benefits to Arden university.................................................................................................3
QUESTION 2..................................................................................................................................4
IT security and privacy measures for Arden university...............................................................4
QUESTION 3..................................................................................................................................6
A. Cellular Network.....................................................................................................................6
B. Benefits of cellular network for a business.............................................................................7
C. Calculate..................................................................................................................................8
CONCLUSION................................................................................................................................9
REFERENCES..............................................................................................................................10
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INTRODUCTION
Technology in organisation assist to perform different task and also maintain the daily
information as well as data or the company (Child, 2018). This also help to track the activities
which are being help to operate the task of business with less number of employees. Arden's
university is university providing different types of courses to students with the faster growth in
UK market. This report will determine the roles of big data and measures of security and privacy
or organisation and telecommunication also discussed further.
QUESTION 1
Role of Big data
From the past few years the importance of Big data has been increase rapidly and it has become
part of our lives. The higher education is being expanding regularly in the market people are
preferring to be graduated from more popular universities (Krause And et. al., 2019). Big data is
basically described as huge amount of information which is combination of structured and
unstructured. This information is created by organisation as per the daily work experiences, this
data is useful for making more efficient and effective decision within organisation. The
universities like Arden are managing big data to know their experience and provide more
effective education to their student so that they get qualify in modern manner.
In the education field the use of Big data is increase simultaneously and the new entrants
in this field are also coming with the digitalization tools and techniques in which big data is
always present. As this provide organisation better opportunities to grow and also help to analyse
the situation that are face by them at particular period. This big data is also analyse effectively
with six V's that are as under:
Volume: The volume in the big data refers to the volume of incredible data which is being
generated every second from different digital tools (Ge, Bangui and Buhnova, 2018). Big data
carry huge amount of data which is kept for long period and also make use of traditional data
collection technique. This data is collected at different place and come together at any time by a
software.
Velocity: This is being the speed of the transferring the data which has higher frequency. The
information which is being transferred is very valuable for the researchers for making decision
and get competitive benefits (Zhu and et. al., 2018).
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Variety: In this the data is having various variety of data and information which is being
analysed and used by the university. In this collection of data there is structured and unstructured
which assist to store different data, Arden university can manage the data of different department
in effective manner.
Value: The information which is collected with the help of big data is having favourable value
and also give the data base which is also effective for future (Naqvi And et. al., 2020). Arden's
university can information will be check before storing whether that is worth to collect or not.
Variability: the variability is being helpful for good data in which all the changing their
structure and also uses to control their changes. The university can customise its data information
as per their requirement.
Two different department and their uses of big data:
Research and development: Arden university is having a department to research the market
trends and also analyse the customers taste and preferences (Hassani and Silva, 2018). Further
they use to develop the organisation accordingly. With the help of big data Arden professional
uses to inspect is previous data to perform the activities in current situation as well as future.
Human resource: in the human resource department the main function is to recruit, select and
train the employees within the organisation so when they will use big data then are able to
compare the requirement of the audience and the structure which is currently having by
company. The qualification method and standards are being find out from the market with the
help of big data and then that method is being adopted by Arden university to provide education
to its students. The big data will be also beneficial for the university to recruit more efficient
people to teach the students.
Key benefits to Arden university
The big data help to identify the strength of the university and also derive the opportunities from
that market by doing comparison with its other competitors (Malomo and Sena, 2017). By using
the Big data the university can know the market effectively, and they will know what is the needs
of the people. The key benefits for Arden university are as follows:
Marketing knowledge: the marketing being done with the help of this tool because when Arden
will know about their targeted customer then the marketing will be going to be effective. The
education which are being provided by Arden are easily get aware by customers who wants to do
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any kind of course (Wang, Kung, and Byrd, 2018). When the Arden is having any modified or
new course then also big data will assist to promote that in the market.
Saves money: the Big data is a digital platform where cost of process is minimal and output is
much then any other method. The information is being stored safer and university can also access
that information any time from anywhere.
Easily accessible: the data which is stored in this tool is easily accessible with the employees of
Arden because its is saved in cloud and where there is any need then people can easily check
them. The university staff can also upload the data and also use at anytime (Tanate-Lazo and
Cabonero, 2021).
Improve services: the students who are studying in the university are being provide the latest
knowledge regarding the subject there doing their study. They can know the competitors
efficiency and their stage in front of them so that they can make efforts to overcome from that.
Time saving: the data uploading and downloading is being very fast this is done with an single
touch. Their are different application which help to perform the activities of checking the data
and use them to take effective decision within Arden university.
QUESTION 2
IT security and privacy measures for Arden university
The security of information technology is being vital for the university to protect the data from
outsiders and other malicious intrinsic people (Lee, Vallent and Kim, 2018). Their are various
methods to monitor the data and important information of the organisation which will also assist
to identify the danger and take steps to overcome from them. Whereas the data privacy is the
manner of collecting the information and take in work. Today there are lot of people who are
involved in unwanted practises and the uses of IT security and privacy regarding the information
is being important. Arden university also have different types of threats which is making
university to use and security system within organisation. There are different type of software
which are:
Intrusion detection system: this is a software application that calculate the activities and the
network which are being used within organisation. If there is any intrusion activity then
administrator is being informed about the malicious task which is being performed in
organisation. As the university is making use of its personal bank detail and e-commerce
activities so to protect the network is become more important to keep growing.
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This system uses two different methods which are signature based in this detection the
information is checking the sign or any kind of pattern which is set to unlock the information. So
the help of this no malicious task are being ignored (Wachter, 2018). In the statistical anomaly
detection process which is different from the signature based in this detection the software
provide an alert mark and also identify all type of dangers. This detection system are of different
type which are:
Network-based IDS: this are detection system which are operating within the network and
analysis the traffic of that network. When this analysis found someone abnormal or not in the
behaviour then they warn the person. This detection is easily to launch in exiting network and
also not being identified by the people who perform threat practises.
Host- based IDS: This is a detection system in which the monitoring of network are performed.
The main of this system is to look for unfair activities which is done by an individual. This
detection system help to access encrypted information also find the attacks easily.
Key provision of GDPR
There are various regulation made to protect the data which are known by every businesses as
below:
Data security officer: the businesses should analysis the need of data protection officer in their
business activities as basically large scale organisation are needed this type of officer in their
organisation. If they not feel that the permanent officer is needed in their organisation they also
may appoint the officer on voluntary basis (Krause And et. al., 2019). To appoint and DSO the
organisation must be public authorised which is developed by public authority. The Arden
universities is working on large scale and growing its business further, so they can appoint this
officer as personal data of students have to be managed by them. The officers use to guide the
business with the provisions of GDPR. The officer is also responsible for resolving the issues
which are related to the protection of individual data of the students.
Consent: This is also vital provision in the group of GDPR as this work on the aspect that
business must be relied on lawful considering and processing of personal information. They are
making sure that a valid and real consent is be transferred from every person. The processing
data of consent it is specific, unambiguous and in simple format that is easily understandable.
As per the provision of GDPR the age must be above 16 for digital services and it have
been modified by iris government to 13 (Suryavanshi, 2019). the consent is must have taken
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from child parent or any guardian early then they allow their kid to use the digital services. The
process of special categories in the individual data that must be explicit consent unless the
organisation uses to propose rely on other basis.
Extra- territorial effect: This provision is being applied earlier to protect the personal data and
now when the businesses practise is out of EU then the is become important to follow the
provisions of GDPR. All the business which are out of EU market they have to manage the with
the provisions when they are using the personal data of EU people. The companies who are
providing goods and services to the people of EU and maintaing the data of those people.
Enhance the right for individual: Every individual have the right to access its personal
information that they have use to buy something or used to take some kind of qualification. This
right is applicable when the individual provide its personal information to the businesses.
Individual can only use those data which is being consent or under any kind of legal contract and
its process is carried out in automated means. This has a machine format which is being easy to
read digitally.
Capability to appoint LSA: This is an leading authority of supervision, the members of GDPR
are responsible to appoint new DPA which will analyse the public authority and have duty to
check the applications of individual data (Child, 2018). The businesses which are having their
task and activities in more than a state then there is need LSA for them so that they can perform
their work smoothly. As the LSA officer is responsible to manage the activities which are outside
the limited areas.
QUESTION 3
A. Cellular Network
Cellular network can be easily defined as a network that is primarily used for
communication purposes through wireless networks helping an individual to connect with other
individuals based at far places with convenience. This network is distributed over large
geographical areas that are categorised as cells and each such cell is served by transceiver. Every
cell is equipped with using different (Klaine and et.al., 2017) frequency set and this helps in
avoidance of any interferences or static or even miscommunication between other cells that are
present. The principle components of the cellular network can be easily categorised as follows:
Base Transceiver Station (BTS): BTS component basically contribute in creation of a
strong link between both the subscribers as well as the network i.e. the cellular network
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through which they are to be connected in order to promote exchange of data i.e. sending
and receiving of data (Atat and et.al., 2019). This can hence be categorised as the critical
part of a cell because without this component, it is not possible to establish a network.
Entire distribution of cell gets covered by an extensive network of antennas that get
dispersed around the cell so that strong networks can be established.
Basic Station Controller (BSC): This is the second critical component in a cellular
network and basically includes several components of itself. Electronics section is located
in the base of tower which facilitates communication with handsets and radios etc. (Yau
and et.al., 2018). Second is the antenna and feeder which connects antenna to the BTS
itself. This interface is connected strongly to BSC using different cables, microwave links
etc. Further, regular calls between BSC as well as MSC help in ensuring regular network
and connection between different station controllers.
Mobile Switching Centre (MSC): This is the main control centre of the entire cellular
systems where all the actions of BSC are coordinated and acting as a medium as well as
controller between all the networks. It includes fibre opting links, microwave links and
copper wire cables etc. that enables communication with BSC through routing and
controlling it (Nakazato and et.al., 2019). The databases help in detailing and recording
the different locations and also allows mobiles in networks. The process of generating
bills to individual users is also carried through MSC.
Cellular network can be initiated through a sim card which is coordination with the
geographized cells in a manner where every cell has an antenna for reception of network thus
enabling communication between devices having that unique cell coordination.
Therefore, these can be identified as the main components of the cellular network which
enable the overall functioning and fulfilment of the purpose of cellular network. Mobile handsets
are one of the key examples that can be considered here while discussing the usage of cellular
networks because the entire concept of mobile phones is based on these.
B. Benefits of cellular network for a business
In today’s scenario, cellular networks have become an integral part in the overall working of
the organisation and in order to function the present generation’s system in a well-coordinated
manner. Some of the major benefits of cellular network can be identified as follows:
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Increase in Mobility: One of the best benefits that are inherent with cellular networks is
that they provide ease in mobility i.e. unlike telephones, since there are no wires attached
in these devices, user can easily move from one place to another (Gapeyenko and et.al.,
2018.). These cordless devices help the user to communicate without having to worry
about things like connectivity, electricity etc. thus increasing the mobility.
Wider coverage of the Network: Since every cell has its own unique coordinates based
on their geographical location, it becomes easier to increase the connections spread all
over the world. This is really beneficial for multinational companies helping them in
establishing stronger and easier connectivity with their overseas employees and managers
thus helping them in working more productively.
Deduction in the overall ownership costs: The implementation and integration of cellular
network helps immensely in the decrease of overall communication cost because there is
no cost incurred in wiring and setup (Atat and et.al., 2019). Further, the longevity of such
cellular networks is also much more as compared to the other redundant alternatives that
are present for communication.
Easier to Install along with Increased Speed: This is one of the most crucial benefits of
cellular networks where they are significantly much hassle free and easier to install.
Further the network speed is also comparatively much faster completing the work quickly
thus increasing the efficiency and productivity of individuals as well as organisations.
Greater Flexibility: This also increases the flexibility as a user of cellular network can
communicate from any place whether they are travelling or are located anywhere in the
entire world (Nakazato and et.al., 2019). Further, attributes like easy connection with
WIFI etc. also helps companies in keeping a close contact with their employees
altogether.
Therefore, these are some of the key benefits that can be utilised by the implementation of
cellular networks in any given area.
C. Calculate
i. Sum, Median, Maximum value and Minimum Value for Weaning Entertainment Ltd.
Weaning Entertainment Ltd.
London
First name Last name Employee no. Date Gross Salary Taxes Net Salary
Rexford Tugwell ARD-1 30-09-20 90000 27000 63000
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Morgan Freeman ARD-76D 30-09-20 100000 30000 70000
Kara Walker ARD-451Z 30-09-20 85000 25000 59500
Kevin Hart ARD-747N 30-09-20 75900 22770 53130
Rizwan Ali ARD-777F 30-09-20 95000 28500 66500
Whitney Cummings ARD-889D 30-09-20 78500 23550 54950
Billy Joel ARD-007Q 30-09-20 75900 22770 53130
Sum 600300 179590 420210
Median 85000 25000 59500
Maximum 100000 30000 70000
Minimum 75900 22770 53130
ii.
Number of employees having gross salary greater than £ 79,900 are 4 in total i.e. Rexford,
Morgan, Kara and finally Rizwan.
iii.
Number of employees in Weaning Entertainment Ltd., who have a net salary which is lower than
£ 67,499 are 6 employees that can be identified as Rexford, Kara, Kevin, Rizwan, Whitney and
Billy with their respective salary amounts indicated above.
CONCLUSION
This report concludes that technology are being developed rapidly and organisation have to
adopt the modern techniques so that they can compete in the market. Arden's university is going
to expand its business in Germany so the uses of Big data help them to know more about their
market. It will also assist in collecting the data of people and using the previous data in current
situation. The provision of GDPR are assist to protect the personal data of people and help
organisation to work efficiently.
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REFERENCES
Books and Journal
Atat, R. and et.al., 2019. Green massive traffic offloading for cyber-physical systems over
heterogeneous cellular networks. Mobile Networks and Applications. 24(4). pp.1364-
1372.
Child, J., 2018. Information technology and organization. In Innovation and Management (pp.
255-302). De Gruyter.
Gapeyenko, M. and et.al., 2018. Flexible and reliable UAV-assisted backhaul operation in 5G
mmWave cellular networks. IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in
Communications. 36(11). pp.2486-2496.
Ge, M., Bangui, H. and Buhnova, B., 2018. Big data for internet of things: a survey. Future
generation computer systems. 87. pp.601-614.
Hassani, H. and Silva, E.S., 2018. Big Data: a big opportunity for the petroleum and
petrochemical industry. OPEC Energy Review. 42(1). pp.74-89.
Klaine, P. V. and et.al., 2017. A survey of machine learning techniques applied to self-
organizing cellular networks. IEEE Communications Surveys & Tutorials. 19(4).
pp.2392-2431.
Krause, M.G. And et. al., 2019. Showcasing knowledge: The promotion of knowledge
management in a technologybased organization. Knowledge and Process
Management. 26(4). pp.299-307.
Lee, S.W., Vallent, T. and Kim, H., 2018. Security and Privacy Measures on Data Mining for
Internet of Things. International Journal of Applied Engineering Research. 13(14).
pp.11648-11652.
Malomo, F. and Sena, V., 2017. Data intelligence for local government? Assessing the benefits
and barriers to use of big data in the public sector. Policy & Internet. 9(1). pp.7-27.
Nakazato, J. and et.al., 2019, December. Benefits of MEC in 5G Cellular Networks from
Telecom Operator's View Points. In 2019 IEEE Global Communications Conference
(GLOBECOM) (pp. 1-7). IEEE.
Naqvi, M.R. And et. al., 2020, June. Importance of Big Data in Precision and Personalized
Medicine. In 2020 International Congress on Human-Computer Interaction,
Optimization and Robotic Applications (HORA) (pp. 1-6). IEEE.
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Suryavanshi, H., 2019. India's Personal Data Protection Bill (" PDP Bill"), 2018: Brief
Introduction, Key Provisions and Comparison with GDPR. Int'l. In-House Counsel
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Tanate-Lazo, R.J. and Cabonero, D.A., 2021. Philippine Data Privacy Law: Is it Implemented in
a Private University Library, or Not?. Library Philosophy and Practice. pp.1-26.
Wachter, S., 2018. The GDPR and the Internet of Things: a three-step transparency model. Law,
Innovation and Technology. 10(2). pp.266-294.
Wang, Y., Kung, L. and Byrd, T.A., 2018. Big data analytics: Understanding its capabilities and
potential benefits for healthcare organizations. Technological Forecasting and Social
Change. 126. pp.3-13.
Yau, K. L. A. and et.al., 2018. Cognition-inspired 5G cellular networks: A review and the road
ahead. IEEE Access. 6. pp.35072-35090.
Zhu, L. and et. al., 2018. Big data analytics in intelligent transportation systems: A survey. IEEE
Transactions on Intelligent Transportation Systems. 20(1). pp.383-398.
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