Technology and Organisations: Cloud Computing, Cellular Networks, and Business Benefits

This report discusses the evolving role of cloud computing in modern day organisations, the benefits of using this technology on business, the components and advantages of cellular networks, and more. It also covers topics such as IT security and data privacy measures, GDPR provisions, and a spreadsheet relative to Weaning Entertainment Ltd. from its payroll department.

Technology and
Organisations

Table of Contents
INTRODUCTION ..........................................................................................................................1
TASK 1 Case Study and Questions.................................................................................................1
A) Evolving role of Cloud Computing within modern day organisations from cloud
computing service models point of view................................................................................1
Cloud computing service models used by various businesses:........................................................2
B) The Key Benefits to Organisations after adapting Cloud Computing...............................2
TASK 2 Telecommunication...........................................................................................................4
A) Description of a Cellular Network, Its Principal Components and Its Working...............4
B) Benefits of a Cellular Network for a Business..................................................................5
TASK 3 Security and Privacy..........................................................................................................7
A) Explanation of IT security and data privacy measures that every organisation must
implement...............................................................................................................................7
B) The key provisions of GDPR that mus be included..........................................................8
TASK 4 Spreadsheet........................................................................................................................9
CONCLUSION..............................................................................................................................10
REFERENCES .............................................................................................................................11

INTRODUCTION
The rapid increase in the reliance of people on the technology has changed the practices
of organisations and they had to entrench latest technology in their businesses. The report
attempts to interpret the evolving role of various technologies in the growth of a business. It will
explain about the role of Cloud Computing within modern day organisations and benefits of
using this technology on business. Moreover the report will describe about the cellular network,
its principle components, its working and benefits of its use in a business. Further, the report will
explain the benefits related to security in context to Information and technology along with
privacy of data measure that need to be implemented by a business along with aspects related to
GDPR. At the end, it will present a spreadsheet relative to Weaning Entertainment Ltd. From its
payroll department.
TASK 1 Case Study and Questions
A) Evolving role of Cloud Computing within modern day organisations from cloud computing
service models point of view
It refers to the on demand delivery of IT resources over the internet which pays-as-we-go
pricing. It can be simply explained as the computer services or computing services that includes
servers, networking, storage, analytics, artificial intelligence, databases, software etc. over the
internet. It offers swiftness in innovations, flexible utilities and benefits of large scale operations
(Aksoy, A. Y. and Beaudry, C., 2021).
Role of cloud computing by organisations
Various types of organisations of various types, sizes, industries or sectors uses cloud
computing for variety of purposes such as their data storages, data backups, mail services, virtual
business, disaster recovery, big data analysis, customer oriented applications, software
development and testing. The use of big data computing can be adopted by all organisations in
various sectors such as healthcare, schooling, retail, manufacturing, etc. The role of cloud
computing is given as follows:
 The healthcare sector uses big data cloud computing to develop more personalised
treatments for patients,
1

 Education and schooling sector uses cloud computing to provide online education to
students
 The companies in the finance sector uses the cloud computing to power and enhance the
real time fraud detection and prevention of loss of data.
 The game development companies uses the cloud computing for delivering online games
to millions of players across the globe (Alanazi, M. H., 2021).
 The retail industry uses cloud computing to reach its customers and enhance its product
delivery by tracing its its parcels and products sent to the customers.
Cloud computing service models used by various businesses:
 The overall cloud environment in context to public cloud are established on the
infrastructure and are not owned by end user. Some of the largest target public cloud
providers include Alibaba Cloud, IBM Cloud, Microsoft Azure, Amazon Web Services
(AWS) and Google Cloud.
 Private Cloud are suitable to be considered cloud environment that have the primary
objective to assist single end user along with group, as the working is mainly linked
behind the firewall of that group or user (Types of Cloud Computing, 2018).
 Private cloud management: The private clouds as created as well as managed, configures
and deployed by a third party vendor. Those enterprises or organisations which are
understaffed or unskilled IT teams could use managed private clouds.
 Dedicated Clouds: This is a cloud within another cloud which can be mainly useful for
the accounting department functions in an organisation such as “Rat Hat Open Shift
Dedicated.”
 Hybrid clouds: It is observed that individual or single Information technology
environment developed for multiple environments links itself through local or wide area
networks or LAN/WAN or Virtual and Artificial private network VPN/APN.
B) The Key Benefits to Organisations after adapting Cloud Computing
Cloud computing refers to the overall provisions that are based on IT structure, operating
software along with middleware and applications that host data centre and accessed by the end
user via the internet. The concept of cloud computing has become highly effective after
digitization especially within business due to various benefits that help in improving
2

performance as well as productivity of an organization. In addition to this. In addition to this,
cloud computing within a business provide an organization the opportunity to manager resource
online . Given below are few key benefits of cloud computing that organizations can have: Cost saving: Cloud computing allows an organization such as Walmart to save costs in
an effective manner by allocating their resource properly. It allows the organization to
gain the opportunity to utilise its resource in better ways to enhance their productivity as
well a performance. Scaleable resources: The concept of cloud computing allows an organization to value all
its resource in an effective manner such as inventory as well as purchasing patterns of
customers (Qasem, Y.A. And et. al., 2021). For example Alibaba is able to use cloud
computing to understand what products are more likely to be purchased by customers to
provides them the ability to develop customer specific products. Strategic competitive: Cloud computing allows an organization to evaluate the market in
better ways with the help of cloud software and forecasting tools. It allows an
organization such as e-bay are able to utilize cloud computing in order to gain advantage
of their competitive by proving products and service at competitive rates. This helps the
business to improve it operation and gain advantage in the market. High availability: The concept of cloud computing allow a business to offer it product
and service at all time by making their establishment available 27/7. For example Target
has established an online store that allows the business to offer its products and services
to customers in an effective manner improving its business performance. Increased security: Cloud computing allows a business to enhance their security related
to digital data consisting of information related to customers along with research and
development of products. Organisation such as Otto are able to utilize cloud computing
to make sure that all their business information is secure and maintain high level of
productivity (Shah, and et al., 2020). Flexible working: Cloud computing allows an organisation to introduce high level of
flexibility within its business operations. It helps a business to establish various aspects
such as availability and low level of cost which enhances its overall flexibility which is
beneficial to both the customers as well as the organization. Walmart is able to attain high
level of flexibility by introducing various methods of payment for their products and
3

service within their cloud based computing in order to enhance the experience of
customers.
 Environmental friendly: The concept of cloud computing allows a business to be
environmental friendly as it help in reducing the utilization of paper within organizational
operations. This helps a business to ensure it is able to fulfil its environmental obligations
in an effective manner and develop positive brand image as well. With the help of
environment friendly concepts of cloud computing and consumer feedbacks Amazon has
changed its packing and made it more sustainable by replacing plastic packing with
cardboard packing.
TASK 2 Telecommunication
A) Description of a Cellular Network, Its Principal Components and Its Working
Cellular networks are communication systems which are also a wireless mobile
communication systems that divides a larger geographical area into smaller bits or cells,
consisting of a wireless transmitter for the purpose of optimising the use of a cellular system is a
cell that conceptually has a hexagonal shape. A mobile-phone, is basically a communication tool
that does not need the communicators to be connected or near to each other. Mobile phones
provide additional ways for networking of mobile phones and other devices through simple
wireless inter-connectivity of devices (Curnow, D., 2021).
Components of a Cellular network entrenched in Mobile Phone
The mobile networks has worldwide coverage therefore its facilities are often available at
remote laces where Local Area Network (LAN) and wireless LAN cannot reach. As a result,
these technologies can be used along with the LAN and wireless LAN as a means of
communication in 'roaming' while moving from one location to another.The mobile network is
distributed over land areas called “cells” or “bits” which are served by two fixed location
transmitters consisting three cell cites or base trans-receivers stations. A cell basically uses a
different set of frequencies from neighbouring cells, to avoid interference and provide guaranteed
service quality within each cell (de Villiers, C. and et. al., 2021). These cells combine together to
provide a wide coverage area over a huge geographical location and enables numerous trans-
receivers to communicate with each other. The base stations provide the cell with the network
4

coverage which can be used for voice transmissions, internet and other things. A cell mainly uses
different set of frequencies from neighbouring cells to avoid interference and provide guaranteed
service quality within each cell.
Working of a Mobile Phone
A mobile-phone and communication systems involves four primary aspects that are
(PSTN) which is an abbreviation for Public Switched Telephone Network along with (CSAS)
which stand for Cell Sits with Antenna. The other components consists of (MTSO) and (MSU)
which are aberration for Mobile Telephone Switching Office and Mobile Subscriber Unit. In
addition to this, it involves (GPRS), (CSD) and (SMS) that focus of short message services along
with providing data service supplements to the circuit switch data. Moreover, it involves (CSPD)
which refers to Cellular Digital Packet Data and is also known as the wireless IP. Furthermore, it
is considered as a effective as well as secure method of transmitting data and utilizes cellular
phone frequencies. It consist (HDR) which refers to High Data rage and also called 1xEV that
provide wireless internet access at up to 2.4 Mbps within a standard band-with of 1.25 MHz
channels in order to be portable and applicable to a mobile.
B) Advantages of a Cellular-Network for a Business
The mobile-phone and cellular communication is an very important part of every
business and its importance is rising significantly (Ding, J., and et. al., 2021). Instead of fighting
the overwhelming presence of cellular networks, the companies like Amazon could utilise this
trend by embracing the mobile-phone communication and harnessing the many uses of mobile
phones in business. Better Communication: Maintaining communication between the employees and the
business is crucial part of every business and help to carry out the business activities
smoothly. The mobile-phone enables the big enterprises like Amazon to communicate
with the employees of other departments without going to the other locations. Several
applications are structured as well as designed in a manner that integrates with other
organizational technologies in order to provide assistance relative to other projects and
workflow. Mobile-phone Applications: The utilisation of mobile-phone is not only limited to the
communication purpose but it also provides the opportunities for enhancing business
5

processes. There are several business ready applications that can be advantageous to the
companies like Amazon to carry the business smoothly (Ding, Y. and et. al., 2021). There
are many applications that could performs simplest of business functions to the most
complex ones. There are mission-critical applications that could be used for calculations,
data analysis, operations management, tracking of supply chain, etc. The range of mobile
applications due to the presence of mobile-phone is wide, along with the strong power of
mobile phone applications on the for enterprise operations. Agile Mobile Technologies: In order to develop and design solution that are agile in
nature, it is crucial of software developers need to pay emphasis on collaborating on
projects and establish optimal communication with other team members in order to work
a software at a sustainable pace. (Malik, A., Pereira, V. and Budhwar, P., 2021). Because
of computing power behind mobile devices and the cellular networks, developers can
maintain efficiency and transparency during the development process. The Amazon uses
various mobile applications to enhance the Remote Working and Operations through Mobile Technology: Mobile devices are the
moveable devices and can be taken anywhere which allows the businesses to perform
remote operations by using them. The mobile-phone helps to maintain the connectivity of
this devices and helps to operate from locations far beyond the walls of enterprises.
Amazon could easily carry its business operations even when the employees leave their
work in periodic times as they can still prove performance that is essential to accomplish
organizational task through their mobile devices. The employees could take their works
with them outside their office due to the presence of mobile phones which are
advantageous than traditional desktop computers and work stations. Marketing technology and sales of mobile: The Sales and Marketing operations of the
business are benefited by the use of mobile phones. The mobile phones already comes
entrenched with certain useful tools such as e-mail, calenders, campaign management
solutions, web and social media. These tools are useful to connect with the clients and
market company's products or services with the help of tools to perform essential
workflows. Advantages to Employees: The use of mobile phones would bring higher efficiency and
productivity of staff members working in the organisation. It would also enhance the
6

quality and flexibility of services that are offered to the customers and would improve the
ability to transit salary and accept payments wirelessly. It will also increase the ability of
employees to communicate within and outside the workplace, with the use of modern
apps and services improve networking capabilities.
 Helpful to customers: The mobile phones helps the customers in an effective way by
providing them access to the records relative to previous customer experience, prices as
well as availability of stock and location to place online order. Due to the development
of cloud computing in Amazon mobile services has also diversified in many other fields
(Meijer, A. and Boon, W., 2021).
TASK 3 Security and Privacy
A) Explanation of IT security and data privacy measures that every organisation must implement
With the rapid growth of technology the theft to data security has also increased, which
caused the development and need for IT security and data privacy. The IT security and data
privacy has become one of the priority for the companies. The best 10 data security measures
that can be adopted by a company are as follows: Establish Strong Passwords: The first measure is very simple to be brought to habit, in
order to create a strong security to data (van Wyk, B., 2021). The companies could use
Multi-Factor Authentication which is helpful to detect data breach and password breaks
on time to deal with the hackers. Setting up a Firewall: In order to secure the networks used by the company, firewalls are
essential in order to gain initial cover as well as help the business to control traffic the is
coming and leaving their business websites. Antivirus Protection: Antivirus or anti-malware are indispensable to protect the data and
important information of the company. They are designed to prevent, search, detect, fight
and eliminate viruses, malware, trojans, worms and so on. Maintaining Updates: The devices that are being used by the company must be updated
timely. The updates are necessary as they provide more security and are more advanced ti
fight the theft of IT data and security.
7

 Secure Every Device: The devices used in businesses are portable and there is higher
theft of them being compromised. As a consequence, the measures to protect devices
such as laptops, computers, tablets etc. more security measures should be taken. A similar
solution is to protect these devices with passwords, authorisation, internet security etc. to
reduce chances of thefts. Secure the Mobile Gadgets: The mobile gadgets like smartphones, pen-drives, memory
discs, hard disk, etc. are the storages for crucial data of the company. These gadgets must
be protected by security passwords and automatic locks in order to enable high data
security. Schedule Backups: The devices should be scheduled with backup that allows to save
data wither in an external hard drive or in the cloud in order to ensure the safety and
security of data. It is vital to have optimal frequency to save data as it should be backed
up every 3 to 5 days. Monitoring Steadily: The changes in the IT industry are very frequent and keeps on
changing constantly. In order to keep track and be updated with these changes the
organisation's managers should keep a track over the market. Training to the Employees: Organisations can utilise a security and IT I order to develop
optimal training programme and awareness relative to their employees and provide the
understanding on the importance of data security. At the time the organisations should
create strategic plans for the security and IT awareness training programmes.
 Embracing Data Centric Security Strategies: The organisations needs to adapt new
approaches for network security from a more holistic and strategic viewpoint. The
organisations should adapt data centric approaches and encryption with strong passwords.
B) The key provisions of GDPR that mus be included
The General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) overhauls the data protection legal
framework across UK that came into effect on 25th May 2018. It presented certain key provisions
which are as follows:
 Extra terrestrial effect states that an EU business who uses servers outside the EU may be
considered within the range of GDPR.
8

 Data Protection Officer (DPO) states that they may or may not choose to appoint a DPO
in public authorities, large scale business operations or criminal convictions etc.
 Consent must be taken from the person whose data needs to be processed in a lawful
manner before securing it.
 Enhance data policy rights and rights to no-profiling (Wilson-Evered, E. and Zeleznikow,
J., 2021).
 Reduce the time period for dealing with individual's rights
 The obligations on the business to be clear about the use of personal data
 Data protection impact assessment (DPIA)
 Data Beach Notification states that the data breach must be notified within 72 hours of
becoming aware and reasons for delay must be furnished.
 Data protection by design and default
 Right to compensation of individuals
 New obligations for processors
 Increase in Penalties
 Ability to appoint a Lead Supervisory Authority (LSA)
TASK 4 Spreadsheet
9

Formula = {=COUNTIF(B30:B36,"<67499.99")}
CONCLUSION
The report had been discussing about the improvement of technologies in the
organisation with the fast changes in technological environment across the world. It had been
explaining the role of cloud computing within modern day organisations and key benefits to
organisations like Amazon, Alibaba, Walmart etc. after adopting cloud computing. Moreover the
report had been describing about cellular network, its principle components and how it works to
improve communication technology and functions in business. Further, the report had identified
password protection, backups, device encryptions and other General Data Protection Regulations
(GDPR) that organisations must follow to improve their IT security and data privacy.
10

REFERENCES
Books and Journals
Aksoy, A. Y. and Beaudry, C., 2021. How are companies paying for university research
licenses? Empirical evidence from university-firm technology transfer. The Journal of
Technology Transfer. pp.1-71.
Alanazi, M. H., 2021. Towards a further step in understanding business excellence models: a
comparative approach. Benchmarking: An International Journal.
Curnow, D., 2021. How Does an Organisation Block, Deter and Detect Offenders?. In The
Psychology of Embezzlement (pp. 297-351). Palgrave Macmillan, Cham.
de Villiers, C. and et. al., 2021. A (new) role for business–Promoting the United Nations’
Sustainable Development Goals through the internet-of-things and blockchain
technology. Journal of Business Research, 131. pp.598-609.
Ding, J., and et. al., 2021. Using intelligent ontology technology to extract knowledge from
successful project in IoT enterprise systems. Enterprise Information Systems. pp.1-27.
Ding, Y., Jin, M., Li, S. and Feng, D., 2021. Smart logistics based on the internet of things
technology: an overview. International Journal of Logistics Research and
Applications, 24(4), pp.323-345.
Jaxa-Rozen, M. and Trutnevyte, E., 2021. Sources of uncertainty in long-term global scenarios of
solar photovoltaic technology. Nature Climate Change, 11(3). pp.266-273.
Landers, R. N. and Marin, S., 2021. Theory and technology in organizational psychology: A
review of technology integration paradigms and their effects on the validity of
theory. Annual Review of Organizational Psychology and Organizational Behavior, 8.
pp.235-258.
Malik, A., Pereira, V. and Budhwar, P., 2021. HRM in the global information technology (IT)
industry: Towards multivergent configurations in strategic business partnerships. Human
Resource Management Review, 31(3). p.100743.
Meijer, A. and Boon, W., 2021. Digital platforms for the co-creation of public value. Policy &
Politics, 49(2). pp.231-248.
Qasem, Y.A. And et. al., 2021. Towards the development of a comprehensive theoretical model
for examining the cloud computing adoption at the organizational level. In Recent
Advances in Intelligent Systems and Smart Applications (pp. 63-74). Springer, Cham.
Shah, and et al., 2020. "Efficient design to fabricate smart Lumefantrine nanocrystals using
DENA® particle engineering technology: Characterisation, in vitro and in vivo
antimalarial evaluation and assessment of acute and sub-acute toxicity." Journal of Drug
Delivery Science and Technology 61 (2021): 102228.
van Wyk, B., 2021, September. How a Higher Education Institute Manages Intellectual Capital
and Digital Scholarship Towards Being a Learning Organisation: A Case Study.
In European Conference on Knowledge Management (pp. 794-802). Academic
Conferences International Limited.
Wilson-Evered, E. and Zeleznikow, J., 2021. Online Family Dispute Resolution: Evidence for
Creating the Ideal People and Technology Interface (Vol. 45). Springer Nature.
11

Types of Cloud Computing, 2018. [Online] Available Through
<https://www.redhat.com/en/topics/cloud-computing/public-cloud-vs-private-cloud-and-
hybrid-cloud>
12