Value Judgements and Moral Frameworks in Teenage Pregnancy Decision Making

This article explores the value judgements and moral frameworks involved in teenage pregnancy decision making, highlighting the complexities of individual decision making in relation to competing moralities and values. It discusses the potential risks and social exclusion associated with teenage pregnancy, as well as the influence of cultural and societal norms on decision making. The article also examines the use of qualitative research methodology in studying teenage pregnancy.

Teenage Pregnancy

INTRODUCTION
The article that has been taken into consideration is on value judgements and moral
frameworks in teenage pregnancy decision making and the focus will be on be focusing on the
teenage pregnancy. On the other side, present report will be focusing on policy discussions of
teenage sexual behaviour have been strongly influenced by a political agenda that characterises
teenage pregnancy as a potential ‘risk’ of sexual activity. The reason behind considering this
particular article was to understand the complex processes of individual’s pregnancy decision
making, in context with competing the moralities and values at the same time.
Because over the years, there is an increase in the number of pregnant teenagers has been
observed. Including this, it provides understandings of and insights into different range of
tensions within the processes through which various degrees to personal autonomy can easily be
understood in relation with decision making or children and policy members as well. Away with
this, often just because of the different tensions while competing value systems, young women
may experience ambivalence or regret about the decision they have made.
Also, the structure of this essay will consider overview of the article given by Lesley
Hoggart, named as “I’m pregnant ... What am I going to do?’ An examination of value
judgements and moral frameworks in teenage pregnancy decision making”. Away with this, in
the middle of the essay a range of arguments will be presented from the selected article and also
a structure will also be presented of methodology and lastly, conclusion and recommendations
will be made to improve the discussed problems. Alongside this, the thesis statement of present
article is “The moral frameworks and values judgements within teenage pregnancy decision
making”.
DISCUSSION
According to (Brindis, 2017), teenage sexual behaviour is specifically considered as a
crucial subject, that is required to be understood and analysed appropriately because then only
risk of teenage pregnancy can be reduced to minimal. It has been realised that assumptions in
relation with shared values along with the judgements focusing on social undesirability of
teenage parenthood, and moral undesirability of teenage abortion are required to be improved
because then only. Including this, present article that has been taken into consideration argued
that young women’s value systems, were less likely to regret their choices or experience

ambivalence, if they were comfortable with the value framework on which it was based, and felt
their autonomy had not been compromised.
As mentioned by (Cense and Ruard Ganzevoort, 2019), at the point when a teenage focus
on own preferences, the esteems basically stays congruent, also if it is thought in a different way
than there are a range of activities that takes place to secure self-rules and yet on the off chance
that incongruence was identified or choices depended on values not based on their very own
preference then their review assessments showed that self-governance had been undermined.
This was the situation for both choice pathways: premature birth or parenthood. Based on The
Social Exclusion Unit Report (SEU 1999), which specifically labelled teenage pregnancy as a
major social issue, which is also linked as social exclusion. Away with this, there are a range of
claims that has been made while focusing on a few future risk factors, which are associated with
teenage parenthood. All the claims are made on different prospects like low educational
attainment, comparative poverty, poor employment and so on.
The Social Exclusion Unit Report (SEU 1999) also presented that, children of teenage
parents are at huge risk of poverty because it has been found that many sub-standard houses do
have poor diet. In relation with social exclusion, which takes place in between a couple then their
teenagers (children) majorly goes through mental disorders, trauma and other sort of situations,
which implies that pattern amounted to causation: Too many teenage mothers or fathers did not
understand that what price their children would have to pay just because of this particular
situation. In many cases, just because of depression, loneliness and so on, teenage mother goes
through a range of issues, but if it is critically analysed then it can be said that many young
mothers have enjoyed the time that they spent even in pregnancy and afterwards.
In this situation, potential values, rewarding, and some of the other aspects have pulled
out better outcomes and this resulted into young women’s construction of self as moral and
responsible. There are ample number of studies that has already been performed where teenage
pregnancy related decisions have directly influenced a range of values along with norms, it can
be said that negative attitudes towards abortion along with the acceptance of early motherhood
are two crucial elements that influenced pregnant teenagers in both negative and positive
outcomes towards termination of pregnancies (Brown, 2016). On the other hand, in some
minorities ethnic communities, abortion is done because of unmarried motherhood. Socio-

culture, values and perceptions are the ones from different factors that mainly influence young
women’s pregnancy decision-making.
Even in context with health conditions, parents of those individuals, who have aborted
are carrying negative views towards teenage motherhood, as abortion related norms and values in
relation with the family and community are much more likely towards reporting by those who
continued with their pregnancies. Also, if it is critically analysed then, it can be said that young
woman’s pregnancy towards business for everyone around her has been referred to as the
‘captured pregnancy’, where their decisions are specifically being ruled by powering partners.
Therefore, these are said to be some of the areas that needs improvement (Corcoran, 2016)
In relation to completing this research qualitative research methodology is used by the researcher
in relation to performing the research and achieving the outcomes in appropriate manner.
Qualitative research methodology can be defined as a function which relies on the data obtained
by the researcher from the first and observation interviews questionnaires focus groups
participant observation recording made in natural settings documents and artefacts. This data is
generally in the form of numerical or qualitative methods which include grounded theory
interpretative phenomenological analysis and many others. In relation to the present topic, it is
based on teenage pregnancy (Hadley, Chandra-Mouli and Ingham, 2016).
Under this topic, there are a number of approaches which are used by the researcher to
enquiry about the data. It includes several philosophers and psychological traditions which have
influence the investigation approaches to qualitative research include phenomenology and
positivism. Philosopher traditions are those functions which are related to philosopher study of
the structure of an individual customers and subjective experience in relation to achieving the
objectives and managing the function according to the research (Furstenberg, 2016). Under this
present report there is more attention paid to how the subjectivity of both the researcher and the
study participants can affect the theory that develop out the research. Qualitative research uses
different sources of data which are based on the study. Under the present research the more
attention is paid to how the subjectivity will impact on the researcher and the study participants
in order to collect the data in an appropriate manner.
The case study method exemplifies the qualitative research preference for the death so
that data triangulation can also use as a strategy for qualitative research. Under the current
research the main source of data collection is participant observation. Under this system and to

grow forget to understand a culture by directly participating in the activity of the culture on
which they are studying. Under this there are a number of participants observed which are
extended further for conducting and ethnography (Harner, 2016).
Using qualitative research methodology is helpful to the researcher in capturing the real
time activities at the workplace and using it according to the required topics so that it can
manage the attention as well as data in an appropriate. Use of this methodology provides several
advantages to researcher in order to achieve objectives of research and focus on capturing the
people's feeling and view on the particular topic (Narukhutrpichai, Khrutmuang and
Chattrapiban, 2016). Undoubtedly it can said that in relation to the current topic of teenage
pregnancy use of this methodology is helpful in maintaining an appropriate system and achieving
the objective. Quantitative research methodology is helpful in capturing the changing attitude
within the targeted group such as consumer or the product or services. In context of current
report this is equivalent to the individuals who supported in researching teenage pregnancy
problem in the current time. This is helpful for a researcher to achieve the objectives and identify
fresh data where the changing attitude within the target group can easily identified and
appropriate action can be taken (Kaphagawani and Kalipeni, 2017).
Qualitative approach to the research is also helpful because they are not bound by the
limitation of quantitative methods. Under this methodology if a response does not fit to the
researcher expectation that it can equally useful as a qualitative data or to add the contacts and
perhaps explaining the something which numbers are unavailable to reveal. One more advantage
of using qualitative research methodology is that it provides a much more flexible approach to a
researcher in order to conduct the research (Skinner and Marino, 2016). It can be seen from the
current research where it help in USA useful insight of not being captured researcher where it
can quickly adapt the questions change the settings and use more variable response from
respondents. Qualitative data capture allows a researcher to be far more speculative about what
the areas are chosen to investigate and how it can perform this function. Under the current
research, it is evaluated that it allows the researcher to capture the data and be prompted by the
researcher instincts so that it can easily identify a particular approach and will not bound to get
information from other sources rather than its original sources.
Along with the different advantage of qualitative research there are some disadvantages
of using this methodology in relation to the current research report. The prime disadvantage of

using this research methodology is related to the sample size (Wall-Wieler, Roos and Nickel,
2016). This is because if a researcher seeking to infer from the sample then it has to manage that
whether the sampling will provide the true reflection of the views of the remaining persons. This
is because there is no certainty of the response in relation to different individuals according to the
current requirements. Simple bye is a major issue in this research methodology because the
workforce of the individual can easily influenced by both conscious and unconscious reason
which can impact on the selection of sample size as well as with answers which are given by
different individuals in relation to conducting the research report. This methodology is suitable in
relation to this research because it helps in identifying the appropriate research questions which
can be put on to identify the data and use this data in relation to conducting the report in
appropriate way (Wood and Hendricks, 2017).
CONCLUSION
It can be concluded from the above that there are various arguments under this issue which
are related to the current situation of teenage pregnancy. This article shows that there are various
social exclusions which are also presented within children or teenage parents which can impact
on reduction of teenage pregnancy in the current situation. These are impactful and are crucial
subject where the arguments are related to the case study which amplifies that the difference
within this will decrease the positive. At this it can also see that culture is directly participant
where the argument related to teenage pregnancy will influence the decision making of this is
child's but there must also control from parental side. It can also conclude that the article will
support the issue in the current debates. This is also seen that article is directly related to
highlighting the gaps that can be subjected in the future research on this topic. It is recommended
that this article has to be followed in order to perform future researches in relation to teenage
pregnancy and use the arguments for making debate effective.

REFERENCES
Books and Journals
Brindis, C.D., 2017. Advancing the field of teenage pregnancy prevention through community-
wide pregnancy prevention initiatives. Journal of Adolescent Health, 60(3), pp.S1-S2.
Brown, S., 2016. Teenage pregnancy, parenting and intergenerational relations. Springer.
Cense, M. and Ruard Ganzevoort, R., 2019. The storyscapes of teenage pregnancy. On morality,
embodiment, and narrative agency. Journal of Youth Studies, 22(4), pp.568-583.
Corcoran, J., 2016. Teenage pregnancy and mental health. Societies, 6(3), p.21.
Furstenberg, F., 2016. Reconsidering teenage pregnancy and parenthood. Societies, 6(4), p.33.
Hadley, A., Chandra-Mouli, V. and Ingham, R., 2016. Implementing the United Kingdom
Government's 10-year teenage pregnancy strategy for England (1999–2010): applicable
lessons for other countries. Journal of Adolescent Health, 59(1), pp.68-74.
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