Exploring the Evolution from 4G to 5G in Telecommunication Networks

This paper explores the transformative journey from 4G to 5G networks within the telecommunications industry. It examines the key technological advancements that have marked this evolution, such as significant increases in internet speeds up to 100 Mbps and innovations like IMT-Advanced technology for differentiated communication needs. The discussion addresses both the engineering challenges faced during these developments, including market acceptance issues and defining technological boundaries, as well as the social implications of these networks' adoption. Ultimately, while acknowledging existing challenges, the paper underscores the potential economic benefits and enhanced connectivity solutions that 5G promises to deliver across various sectors.

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Introduction
The telecommunication industry has undergone different changes in the aim of improving
communication techniques [2]. Development of the 4G and the current research and
development of 5G networks are some of the great miles which this sector has achieved so far.
An organization such as International Telecommunications Union-Radio communications sector
(ITU-R) and IEEE are able to play key roles in ensuring that these discoveries are able to benefit
the people [1]. The improvement on internet is a key milestone which 4G and 5G networks are
able to achieve. The first 4G networks were released in Oslo, Norway, and Stockholm, Sweden
in 2009.
Technological significance
The network is a key element which plays a critical role on different sections of an economy.
Each upgrade from 1G to the recent version of 4G and anticipated 5G have critical elements
which make the unique [3]. In network development, speed is a critical role in the success of
network operations. The increase in the internet speed which is estimated to up to 100 Mbps is
one of the breakthroughs for the networking. The major partners who have led to the idea and
development of the 5G network are NASA who partnered with Machine-to-Machine Intelligence

(M2Mi) Corp. The technological advancement in the world demand faster internet services, and
this is one area where the 4G and 5G networks are performing well. I addition, IMT
advancement is another key technological milestone which these two networks have been able to
achieve in the market [5]. This advancement helps the networks to reach their peak speed which
they are designed to achieve. In addition, the advancement helps to differentiable different
communication scenarios and meet their specific needs. The high mobility and low mobility
communication scenarios required different speeds of Mbit/s. This milestone has been able to set
the speed at the different communication channels and solving their issues. The technological
advancement of the 4G and 5G networks have been able to meet the needs of the customers and
reducing the complains experienced in previous networks.
Discussion
During the conceptions, engineering challenges were faced. One of the key challenge faced was
the acceptance of the developed networks into the market. This came with functional elements
where the expectations of the markets where not met. The differences in market expectations was
able to aid the difference and challenges in making the networks be adopted in the market places
[4]. Technological challenge is another key issue which was faced during the conception of this
technological advancements and the development of these networks. The definition boundaries
are key issues with many claiming that speed increment should not be the only consideration to
define a higher network upgrade. Many views that there are key technological issues which need
to be solved with this advancement. This challenges created a negative social implications on
marketing of the adoption of these networks. Negative reviews due to inability to meet the
market expectations created a negative social view of these networks in the market. Negative
acceptance my society was experienced on some part, which was created by the available

challenges. The social unacceptance was a key implication which was caused by these challenges
during conception of the projects.
Conclusion.
The development of 4G and 5G networks are some of the key milestones in solving
communication problems in different sectors. Technological advancement relies on fast
communication, and these networks look to enhance such milestone in the market. The increased
speed has been the key area of focus when these networks were developed. Meeting specific
needs of different mobility communication is a key advancement which has been thought and
addressed. Nevertheless, challenges such as social issues and technological definition on what is
right do exist on the development of these networks. With the 5G network yet to be released, a
lot is expected regarding the cost effectiveness of the market. Economic benefit has to be
achieved by the users of the network. This is a key area of focus before the latest generation is
released to the market.

References.
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for 4G and Beyond: Fundamentals and Evolution. 2014.
[2]. R., Jonathan. Fundamentals of 5G Mobile Networks. 2015. <http://site.ebrary.com/id/11050661>.
[3]. E., Krouk and S. Semenov. Modulation and Coding Techniques in Wireless Communications.
Chichester, West Sussex: Wiley, 2011.
[4]. S., William. Foundations of Modern Networking: SDN, NFV, QoE, IoT, and Cloud. 2016.
[5]. P., Jyrki T. J. Wireless Communications Security Solutions for the Internet of Things. Newark: Wiley,
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