Operations and Project Management: A Review of Operations Management Principles in Tesco

This report provides a review and critique of the implementation of operations management principles in Tesco, including an analysis of how well the organization meets its requirements. It also discusses continuous improvement as a philosophy and describes Lean principles. The report concludes with a continuous improvement plan and recommendations for improvement.

ID
Unit Number and Title Unit 187 –
Operations and
Project Management
Title Review and Critique
of Operations
Management (Part
1

Table of Content
Part 1: Business Report
1. An introduction to chosen organization p
2. An explanation of operation vs operations management p
3. A review and critique of the implementation of operations
management principles within the chosen organization p
4. An analysis of the extent to which the operations management of
the organisation in the case study meets the requirements of the
organization p
5. Discussion of continuous improvement as a philosophy and
describe the Lean principles p
6. A continuous improvement plan, including your justified
recommendations for improvement, based on your review and
critique of operations management principles within your
organization p
7. Conclusion p
References p
2

1. An introduction to chosen organization
Tesco is the famous retailer and super store organization of the grocery items.
It is the public limited organization which is headquartered in England. The
organization has 500 brands to serve the needs of the customer. It has multiple
branches in national or international countries. It was established by Jack Cohen in
1919. Tesco deals in several goods like beauty products, food and beverages,
refreshments items and diversified their business in to books, furniture, toys, clothes,
software system, financial services and web services. Tesco is listed on the stock
exchange of the London. It is the biggest multi national company which is providing
products and services at low cost (Al-Shammari, Farooq and Masri, 2020). The
company has own retail stores in more than 200 countries. It is known for its product
quality, and supplying the commodities at reasonable price. The main purpose of this
company is to take feedback from the customers and provides maximum
satisfaction. Company wants to gain goodwill at the global level by providing safe
and healthy product.
2. An explanation of operation vs operations management
Operations in business refers to the set of functions which relate to
manufacturing, productions and supply. These combine the set of procedures
performed in each and every organization to aim and attain their standards of
profitability. The operations area involves taking note for the quality of products,
preparing plans for business engagement and resource utilization's. It also aims to
provide for all the customers demands and needs in the market.
Operations management: It is the administration of the business practices that
intents at assuring the maximum efficiency inside a business that assists then to
improve and increase the profitability. It tends to utilize and manage all the
organizational resources to maximize the organizational efficiency. It considers all
the different resources that the business owns such as labor, materials, employee
staff, technologies and the physical equipment's to utilize them in generating an
efficient and effective output in the business on all the different levels in the
organization. Applying operational management in the organization in the
standardized way helps it to achieve better output, to have a competitive advantage
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and increased higher profits. The overall objective of operational management is
ensuring efficient usage of all the resources of material, labor, techniques and
equipment's in order to make the organization able to match supply and demand for
the products manufactured.
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Operations Operations Management
 Operations involves the daily
tasks relating to the daily
practices which are regarding
the development of any goods or
products of the business, the
management of sales and stock
materials in the business(Brettmo
and Browne, 2020).
 The Tesco in relation to its
operations of selling their
products and services in the
market to earn the business
revenue and profits in an
efficient manner.
 Operations management entirely
connects to the tasks that include
managing and maintaining the
production efficiency in the
business. As the management of
operations provides the
organisation with the capability of
maintaining overall business
efficiency and the faults or issues,
if any that the management feels to
remove from the business.
 For example, Tesco imparts
changes and modifications in its
products in any of the category that
they deal in utilising some better
usage of raw materials and labour
of the organisation. The usage of
better factors of production helps
the company to generate higher
revenues as compared to pervious
years.
3. A review and critique of the implementation of
operations management principles within the chosen
organization
Operations management principles: the operational management principles
are an essential tool that help the company to:
Reality: The management of operations should aim to focus on the entire problem
and not just the tools or the techniques that are utilized. The reason behind this issue
is that no individual tool or techniques would help the business in solving an entire
set of problems and hence the organization needs to look at the real situation and
think for the solutions accordingly (Sharma and Soederberg, 2020).
Success: The success of an organization can be computed and measured on
various basis depending upon the organizations objectives and targets. But the most
primary subject which is measured when calculating an organizations success is the
ability of the company to meet and complete the customer demands in he market.
Accountability: an accountable individual is the most important asset for any
operational manufacturing unit. The managers in the company are responsible for
setting up of targets, rules and regulations for the employees to lay by. This is
necessary for the businesses to be able to measure their goals and to check upon
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whether the goals are being met or not. This assists in keeping the employees and
workers accountable for their work and provides the opportunity to contribute in the
necessary and requisite efforts (Chen, 2019).
Organization: In a manufacturing organization, each and every activity in the
operations is well connected to each other. These are required to be consistent and
predictable for the organization. Failure of the operations department in doing so
may lead to inability while performing a task or while achieving an objective.
Fundamentals: The organization needs to be aware of the areas which give
company the success it aims for. In operations management, the Pareto Rule of
Efficiency also termed as the 80-20 rule plays an important role which says the 80%
of the success and aims that the company achieves comes from current processes
whereas the 20% derives from the application of newer techniques and processes .
4. An analysis of the extent to which the operations
management of the organization in the case study meets
the requirements of the organization
Operations management is an indispensable part of any organisation as it is
affected by any or every business aspect in the surrounding. The principles of
operations management assists organisational managers to apply the suitable
operations principles where ever the implementation is necessary relating to the
operations management. Unilever applies these organisational principles to benefit
from any faults, hurdles or errors that are committed in the process of completing a
task or an activity (Macqueen and Bolin , 2018). As the market base of Tesco has a
wide and large reach in the market hence utilises these principles to profit for their
established targets. Operations management is assisting various organisations and
fulfilling the requirements of the organisations and demands of customers in the
following ways:
By adopting the operational management principles, Tesco has been benefited upon
in various ways in which it can benefit the customers by providing them what they
need in the form of most healthy and safer options as compared to their previous
productions and deliveries to their customers. This will help the company in attracting
larger bunch of their customers as compared to their previous numbers as people
are most health and environment conscious in comparison to previous times.
Tesco applies the operational principles for implementing the cost effective
techniques to enable the company to provide customers with reasonable prices for
their varieties of products. The pricing of the company is reasonable among all its
competitors and it focuses on avoiding any unnecessary purchases from customers
side. This makes the customers o place loyalty above all.
Tesco has a strong front when maintaining for their workplace environment as it
helps them in keeping the operations of the business in sync with other processes at
work. It also helps them to maintain quality control checks in their operations. With
the organisation having great relations with its suppliers globally and availability of
the raw materials with an easy access makes Unilever able to utilise their operations,
productions and sales at their best capacity (Gosavi, 2018).
6

The principles of operations management enable Tesco to produce and design the
products according to market trends and requirements. It necessarily shows that the
organisation puts the customers as the top- most priority with converting even
window shoppers into a satisfied customer. It shows that the business managers are
able to look for the marketing trends and analyse them to overline the products
accordingly.
5. Discussion of continuous improvement as a philosophy
and describe the Lean principles
Operations management is an indispensable part of any organisation as it is
affected by any or every business aspect in the surrounding. The principles of
operations management assists organisational managers to apply the suitable
operations principles where ever the implementation is necessary relating to the
operations management. Tesco applies these organisational principles to benefit
from any faults, hurdles or errors that are committed in the process of completing a
task or an activity. As the market base of Unilever has a wide and large reach in the
market hence utilises these principles to profit for their established targets(Harrison,
and et.al., 2019). Operations management is assisting various organisations and
fulfilling the requirements of the organisations and demands of customers in the
following ways:
By adopting the operational management principles, Tesco has been benefited upon
in various ways in which it can benefit the customers by providing them what they
need in the form of most healthy and safer options as compared to their previous
productions and deliveries to their customers. This will help the company in attracting
larger bunch of their customers as compared to their previous numbers as people
are most health and environment conscious in comparison to previous times.
Tesco applies the operational principles for implementing the cost effective
techniques to enable the company to provide customers with reasonable prices for
their varieties of products. The pricing of the company is reasonable among all its
competitors and it focuses on avoiding any unnecessary purchases from customers
side. This makes the customers o place loyalty above all.
Tesco has a strong front when maintaining for their workplace environment as it
helps them in keeping the operations of the business in sync with other processes at
work. It also helps them to maintain quality control checks in their operations. With
the organisation having great relations with its suppliers globally and availability of
the raw materials with an easy access makes Tesco able to utilise their operations,
productions and sales at their best capacity (Harrison and et.al., 2018).
The principles of operations management enable Tesco to produce and design the
products according to market trends and requirements. It necessarily shows that the
organization puts the customers as the top- most priority with converting even
window shoppers into a satisfied customer. It shows that the business managers are
7

able to look for the marketing trends and analyze them to over line the products
accordingly.
6. A continuous improvement plan, including your justified
recommendations for improvement, based on your review
and critique of operations management principles within
your organization
The development of a continuous improvement strategy is crucial for ensuring
that manufacturing process quality problems are dealt with. It may be accomplished
by using Tesco in the framework of the PDCA technique.
Plan- It is a planning process that identifies market demands and potential
organizational changes. Tesco must schedule daily adjustments to market behavior.
Do - To bring about changes in the organization, Tesco must begin putting their
practice into action. Since the practice will only last a limited time, it will begin as an
original change. The Tesco staff will be able to adopt the same task with great
productivity Kempster, Maak and Parry, 2019).
Check: Effective management and monitoring of changes is required. As the
manager of Tesco, you must operate under close supervision to minimize the
possibility of errors.
Act – This is necessary in order to take action so that the changes may endure and
be developed in organizations in a productive manner. These must be included in
the aforementioned process in order to properly execute necessary modifications
(Liu, Rahman and Wang, 2021).
7. Conclusion
Tesco can rely on its operations effectiveness in its innovation in inventory
management, in store customer services satisfaction and amazing treatment of
employees in reference to their job capabilities, fitness condition, and position in the
company. The organization have lot of dependency on technology and information
technology. Now it is applied improvised implementation of the just in time inventory
management system. The twinning of technology and work planning process helps
the company to be ahead of market competition.
References
Al-Shammari, M., Farooq, M.O. and Masri, H. eds., 2020. Islamic Business Administration:
Concepts and Strategies. Bloomsbury Publishing.
8

Brettmo, A. and Browne, M., 2020. Business Improvement Districts as important influencers
for changing to sustainable urban freight. Cities. 97. p.102558.
Chen, H., 2019. A pilot study of business travelers’ stress-coping strategies. Tourism and
Hospitality Research. 19(2). pp.252-258.
Gosavi, A., 2018. Can mobile money help firms mitigate the problem of access to finance in
Eastern sub-Saharan Africa?. Journal of African Business. 19(3). pp.343-360.
Harrison, D.E., and et.al., 2019. Corporate social responsibility and business ethics:
conceptualization, scale development and validation. Journal of Product & Brand
Management.
Harrison, R., and et.al., 2018. Beyond institutional voids and the middle-income trap: The
emerging business angel market in Malaysia. Asia Pacific Journal of
Management. 35(4). pp.965-991.
Kempster, S., Maak, T. and Parry, K. eds., 2019. Good dividends: Responsible leadership of
business purpose. Routledge.
Liu, X., Rahman, T. and Wang, X., 2021. Air pollution, traffic, and retail business.
Macqueen, D. and Bolin, A. eds., 2018. Forest business incubation: Towards sustainable
forest and farm producer organisation (FFPO) businesses that ensure climate
resilient landscapes. International Institute for Environment and Development.
Sharma, S. and Soederberg, S., 2020. Redesigning the business of development: the case of
the World Economic Forum and global risk management. Review of International
Political Economy. 27(4). pp.828-854.
Table of Content
Part 2: Project Portfolio
Project Title p
An overview of the case study you have been given p
An explanation of each stage of the PLC that applies to your
selected project, including supporting documentation for each
stage (e.g., business case, the project plan, cost-benefit analysis
and work breakdown structure):
 Project initiation p
 Project planning p
 Project execution p
 Project closure p
Analysis of the project methodologies and tools used p
9

Review and critically evaluate the effectiveness of the PLC in
application to your project using the appropriate theories models
and concepts p
Project Title
Project Management defines as the best utilization of skills, techniques, tools,
specific knowledge for delivering something valuable to people. In other words,
project management refers to the process in which a particular time frame is fixed to
hit goals with the help of a team. The objectives of project management are to
effectively complete work within the limitations of time, scope, and
money(AFSHARKAZEMI and Behrooz, 2019). Project management includes project
documentation, planning, tracking, and communication. In order to implement a
project to lower employee absenteeism, this report will discuss case study-related
methodologies and project life cycle phases. This may be accomplished by creating
a business case and applying the project life cycle correctly. The major goals of this
initiative are to provide on-site catering, support staff members' healthy lifestyles,
and lower absenteeism.
An overview of the case study you have been given
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The case study aims at an organization consisting of 1250 employees as a mid-
sized organization. The objective of the organization is to reduce the congestion that
takes place due to continuous movement of the company staff during the lunch
hours in the premises. As it impacts the organizations image due to the continuous
disturbances and congestion's and affects the working efficiency and the working
environment of the organization. The case study also deals with maintaining a
healthy lifestyle for its staff members and employees as it is the Corporate social
responsibility of the organization and will also assist the company in reducing the
absenteeism of employees in the organization. The company need to formulate upon
a project structure to deal with this issue and to improve the working environment in
the organization. It also needs to bring upon some strategies and a suitable plan of
action to help the employees in imploring their lifestyle and working efficiency (Desert,
2018).
An explanation of each stage of the PLC that applies to
your selected project, including supporting documentation
for each stage (e.g., business case, the project plan, cost-
benefit analysis and work breakdown structure):
Project life cycle refers to the array of phases in which a project will move forward.
This comes with the management of the particular project by the project manager for
attaining the goals from beginning to end. In reference to BSS Industrial Services,
the phases of PLC are given below:
 Project initiation
This is a starting phase of the project life cycle in which companies observed new ideas,
techniques and insights in order to achieve respective objectives. BSS Industrial services
needs to analyze its requirements and resources and after taking everything into
consideration then, initiate a plan which helps in attaining the success of the firm in a
particular time period. As the staff will assemble, policies will be developed, and a strategy
will be created. For the purpose of offering canteen amenities inside their site grounds, the
BSS Industrial services has its own scope, resources, and objectives. The firm that provides
employees with the proper guidance to assist them achieve the goals will benefit from this
initiative (Nanayakkara, 2020).
 Project planning
Project planning involves the creation of detailed goals and targets of a project to
create a road map to be followed in future. It is the measure where the organization
defines this step and divide it into two further steps as setting for the company
specific and measurable objectives, what it will deliver and the project road map. It
contains a set of defined set of time frames with defined stages and selected
resources. Planning pertains to accumulation of resources, fixing the budgets and
analyze the risk related with the project. The project planning for the organization in
the case study starts with setting up a budget for the project. Then to decided on the
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planning process how the plans will be taken into action with the company
employees ensuring maximum contribution from their side (Pahade and Jha, 2022).
 Project execution
This step of project execution involves the launch of the project utilizing thee
information that the company secured from the first step of project planning. In this
step, the project is ready to be executed as everything that the team or the company
planned upon has been converted into real existence and has been put into action.
The company and its project team tries its best to set off higher level success for the
project executed. It is done by utilising all the necessary business resorces, risk
factors while eliminating any factor which is unnecessary in the success of the
project. The execution of the project in the organization needs to take place in an
effective and feasible manner. The way the plan is executed, strongly affects
whether the plan will be successful or not. Hence the organization should consider
upon every suitable planning tools, techniques, procedures to make sure that the
execution of the canteen facilities and the lifestyle balancing and improvement ideas
are executed in the best way possible(Rama, 2021).
 Project closure
The project will be terminated at this point in the project life cycle, and the owners will be
responsible for the outcomes. It might be either favorable or bad. By settling shareholders
and investors and creating all final reports, projects reach their conclusion. In order for BSS
Industrial services to benefit from this initiative, employee absenteeism must be decreased.
Employee satisfaction is required, and all operations must be properly wrapped up. By doing
this, the business will demonstrate its capacity to take on initiatives in the future.
Work Breakdown Structure:
Work may be made more manageable and accessible by using a common productivity
strategy called task breaking. The Work Breakdown Structure (WBS), one of the most
significant project management papers, is the instrument that applies this method to
projects. It does it on its own, integrating scope, cost, and schedule baselines to guarantee
project plans are in sync. In order to carry out leading actions, this requires effective
management support. The BSS Industrial services needs this tool to make it simple for its
personnel to carry out project work. Confusion will be reduced as a result, and the project's
objectives will be achieved (Kaneko, 2019).
Analysis of the project methodologies and tools used
Project Methodologies: A project management methodology constitutes a set of
principles and activities that provide for a set of plans which assist the organization in
organizing the projects to ensure an effective and optimum performance.
The project methodologies utilized while planning, initiating and executing this
project are:
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 Waterfall methodology: It is the traditional approach to project management
as a concept. In water methodology, the tasks and phases are divided and
completed in a linear and sequential manner and ensures that the previous
step of project is finished before the next step of the project begins. In
waterfall method of project management, the room of error is very high as
everything in the project is already planned. So, in case the expectations do
not match with the results the project can not be then termed as effective as it
was expected to be. It is hard for this traditional methodology to adapt with the
changes that occur as and when the project progresses(Redhead, 2022)
 Agile methodology: this methodology involves short spans of work which is
constantly dealt with frequent testings, reassessments and suitable
adaptations necessary in the project. The key principle of this methodology is
it is very collaborative and quick as compared to other methods of project
managements and it is also very open to the data driven changes that are
needed in the project accordingly.
These are the two project methodologies that the organization mentioned above in
the case study uses to aim for effective adaptation and success of the project and to
ensure that the project is initiated, executed and closed in the best way possible with
positive results.
Project Tools: The project tools used by the organization for effective initiations and
completion of the project are tools such as network diagrams, project evaluation and
review techniques and project documentation tools. These tools help the
organization to keep an effective check on the project and its developments which
take place with time. These also assist the administration and the project managers
of the organization to apply the suitable review and rectify with the necessary
changes as an when they are needed in the project. The network diagrams is used
to connect the different steps which are required in the completion of the project. It
also shows the inter dependencies in the different steps of the project. The project
evaluation and review techniques assist the project managers to review for all such
areas where the project is not going as planned and apply the necessary rectification
policies and steps (Spieth, and et.al., 2021).
Review and critically evaluate the effectiveness of the PLC
in application to your project using the appropriate
theories models and concepts
The project life cycle is a highly useful tool for evaluating project methodology,
goals, and activity implementation. It is crucial to employ equipment and methods
that complete the task in a methodical manner. The many stages of the project life
cycle are crucial to the current project. Finding the proper ideas is aided by these
techniques. They are proficient in making crucial choices for locating beneficial
resources, supporting staff, and creating a strategy that will satisfy organizational
objectives. To be in charge of staff performance, Cromwell Tools must leverage the
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fundamentals of project management, such as technology, software, and smart
devices (Stan and Băbuț, 2022).
References
AFSHARKAZEMI, M.A. and Behrooz, M.S., 2019. Analysis of the relation of investment
criteria in the development of technology based on plan, project and portfolio Using
ISM and DEMATEL.
Desert, C., 2018. E-Portfolio Project. The Politics of English Second Language Writing
Assessment in Global Contexts.
Kaneko, A., 2019. Regional: Improving Project Implementation and Portfolio Performance in
South Asia.
Nanayakkara, A.U., 2020. Sri Lanka: Improving Project Readiness and Portfolio
Management-Phase II.
Pahade, J.K. and Jha, M., 2022. A Hybrid Fuzzy-SCOOT Algorithm to Optimize Possibilistic
Mean Semi-absolute Deviation Model for Optimal Portfolio Selection. International
Journal of Fuzzy Systems. pp.1-16.
Rama, I.R.C., 2021. CECD portfolio revision-project scope: plant nursery (Doctoral
dissertation).
Redhead, L., 2022. the octopus (research portfolio).
Spieth, P., and et.al., 2021. Investigating the Effect of Perceived Product Portfolio
Innovativeness on Consumers´ Brand Perceptions. IEEE Transactions on
Engineering Management.
Stan, L.A. and Băbuț, T.M., 2022. PORTFOLIO AS AN EVALUATION TOOL USED IN
KINDERGARTEN. TEACHERS'PERSPECTIVE. In INTED2022 Proceedings (pp.
7502-7507). IATED.
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