Operations and Project Management: Review and Critique of Operations Management Principles in Tesco

This report provides a review and critique of the implementation of operations management principles in Tesco, including an analysis of the extent to which the principles meet the requirements of the organization. It also discusses continuous improvement as a philosophy and describes the Lean principles, and provides a continuous improvement plan with justified recommendations for improvement based on the review and critique of operations management principles within the organization.

ID
Unit Number and Title Unit 187 –
Operations and
Project Management
Title Review and Critique
of Operations
Management (Part
1

Table of Content
Part 1: Business Report
1. An introduction to chosen organization p
2. An explanation of operation vs operations management p
3. A review and critique of the implementation of operations
management principles within the chosen organization p
4. An analysis of the extent to which the operations management of
the organization in the case study meets the requirements of the
organization p
5. Discussion of continuous improvement as a philosophy and
describe the Lean principles p
6. A continuous improvement plan, including your justified
recommendations for improvement, based on your review and
critique of operations management principles within your
organization p
7. Conclusion p
References p
2

1. An introduction to chosen organization
Tesco is the famous retailer and super store organization of the grocery items. It is the public
limited organization which is headquartered in England. The organization has 500 brands to
serve the needs of the customer. It has multiple branches in national or international
countries. It was established by Jack Cohen in 1919. Tesco deals in several goods like beauty
products, food and beverages, refreshments items and diversified their business in to books,
furniture, toys, clothes, software system, financial services and web services. Tesco is listed
on the stock exchange of the London. It is the biggest multi national company which is
providing products and services at low cost. The company has own retail stores in more than
200 countries. It is known for its product quality, and supplying the commodities at
reasonable price. The main purpose of this company is to take feedback from the customers
and provides maximum satisfaction. Company wants to gain goodwill at the global level by
providing safe and healthy product (Bodhroddoza, S.M., 2020).
2. An explanation of operation vs operations management
Operation is termed as all the raw materials which are required in production and
manufacturing of a product. It is very much important for every enterprises to spend on the
activities of trading for conserving the level of profitability standards. It is the cost which is
required there for managing the organization. It can be referred as the usage of procedure in
approaching the practical way. Management of operation is a larger term and which can be
utilized for several tools for managing the highest potential in the company. It is the
transformation of all the direct as well as indirect resources like material, labour and
overhead for production of a product. It refers for arranging the balance between cost and the
revenue. It is the way of organizing or the manufacturing process. It refers to the transfer of
inputs in to the outputs. It has various elements like design of product, modification in
product, product expansion, supply chain management, and stock control.
Operation Operation management
Operations is the expenses which is occurred
by the company for direct expenses, product
modification, logistic management and stock
management.
It is the broader concept and covers the all the
aspects of management and main motive is to
produce a product and to provide at right
time or right place. It refers to the detecting
of all expenses to enhance the quality and
reduces the wastage and errors at beginning
stage(Falcó, X., Ortega, M. and Pinilla, A.,
2018)
Tesco earn the profit by the goods on daily
basis to the customers.
For ex- Tesco has brings improvements in
drinking product by using high quality raw
materials.
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3. A review and critique of the implementation of
operations management principles within the chosen
organization
The combination of two operations and project management are very important for the
company. It asseverate the organization to work in most well organised manner. Tesco is the
largest producer and renowned brand of customers. They focus on delivering the right
product to the target customer. The enterprise make the policies and norms to receive better
outcomes in product quality, speedy delivery. Company has several tools and methods of
managing the operation management. This is used for the optimum utilization of the available
resources. This enterprise is now shifting towards more organic goods. Operation
management is a production management function that ensures optimum utilization of
resources that makes the production of manufactured goods more efficient. The main aim of
the operational management is to increase the profitability and efficiency of the organization.
There are ten principals of operational management which are to followed in order to avoid
error and mistakes.
Reality- The management of organization must focus on the main problem that majorly
effects the efficiency of organization. According to the study done by Schaeffer, there is no
single method or theory which can offer a universal solution to a problem(Ge, Y.Y. And et.al,
2020).
Humility- Manger should know the limitation and focus on process that saves time and
money of the organization. Avoiding hit and trial error method at all cost increases overall
efficiency of organization.
Organization- In production management all the factors must be predictable and consistent.
The operational management cannot be profitable without production planning and control
that provides predictability and consistency.
Accountability- Every person who are assigned duties must be accountable for his/her
actions. Tesco works in both its UK and international system, so controlling, planning,
directing plays a vital role in effective management. Tesco's operations are dependent on
trained and professional staff.
Change- Modification and alteration in current working system is necessary to make system
effective. Rectification of error by updating is necessary. In the dynamic environment. IT
operations management, the set of producing that manages production systems, is a vital
business function.
Quality Control- Manufacturing operations should be such which ensures that quality is
accepted by the customer. And quality should be such that it offers great satisfaction to the
end consumers. Total quality management concept must be achieved by the organisation by
being excel in areas like procurement, logistic, material management, warehousing.
Success- For an organisation must be successful one the customer must be satisfied and profit
, overall revenue of the company must increase. Tesco being the most lucrative supermarket
chain. It ensures customers interest and provide best quality product so that it sets examples
for other brands.
Know your competition- Studying competitors strategy for sales and evaluation of their
tactics is really important. It helps to take the competitive advantage. Knowing about the
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practices, competition, product and customer are really important to beat the competition in
the market (Halim, A., 2019).
Causality- Market now a days have become more advanced and technology based , a firm
which have updated system of technology operates smoothly in the environment. To
streamline operations managers must recognize the problem before their occurrence and
eliminate them.
Consumer Collaboration: Taking feedback and reviews for alteration and modification in the
product from the customer is important. This will help to get in-depth insights that is not
known by the organization.
4. An analysis of the extent to which the operations
management of the organization in the case study meets
the requirements of the organization
The principles of operation management are important and very effective for the profitability
of the business entity. Operation management helps the company to increase productivity and
effectiveness of the operations. Tesco with its technology and effective operations
management has been able to achieve the market leader title.
The main aim of the business is to provide best quality product that makes the customer come
again. Tesco is one such organisation which focuses on customer preference and delivers
world class product to its consumers(Mohamed, M.A., 2022).
Tesco maintains their work place effectiveness, by providing the employees. The
organization maintains good relationship to their employees so that they become highly
effective and productive
5. Discussion of continuous improvement as a philosophy
and describe the Lean principles
Continuous improvement is a activity of making plans and for improving working efficiency.
Improvising and rectification of error are better than facing negative consequences. Therefore
continuous improvement is necessary for increasing productivity. Hence, it is ever going on
process in an organization.
These principals are:-
Value Defining: This principle shows that customer should know the value of product they
are purchasing . And the product they are buying should satisfy the value they are paying for
the product. Tesco has value that provides best quality product to consumers with technology
effective system.
Value stream: This includes full process involved in taking a specific product from raw
material and delivering the final product to the customer. It is corrective activity which
rectifies error which is happening in the processing of the product. The aim of the principle is
to find out the activity that is wasting resources of business entity.
Flow: After the wastage element and error in the process is identified, next activity is to make
sure next process goes on flawlessly. Remodelling of an firm operating system to
strategically meet the current challenges inherited by globalization. Tesco uses highly
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advanced technology and information technology which do not let the operation be disturb
due to any error in the operations(Opes, V., Vales, M.C. and Machado, S., 2019)
Pull: This aspect of lean principle mainly have its concentration on stock management and
keeping. There should be no wastage and overuse of material in the process. This makes the
product to improve and easy to deliver product to its end user.
6. A continuous improvement plan, including your justified
recommendations for improvement, based on your review
and critique of operations management principles within
your organization
Continuos improvement plan is important to solve quality related issues if occurs during the
production of product and services. This possible to achieve through applying PDCA
approach in reference to Tesco.
Plan – Making budgets and reports which guides the workers from manufacturing to
delivering product in the market. This helps in identifying market need and opportunities
available in the market. Tesco is working towards improvising its customer experience across
all functional area of its business.
Do- The next step after planning is to start doing activities that amounts to modification and
changes. This innovative changes bring a lot of difference in the organisation effectiveness. A
continuous improvement in organisation match the standards set by the organisation. Tesco
keeps on modifying its information technology to provide its user best experience.
Check- The changes, modification made should be checked and analysed. Once such changes
takes place the outcome should be compared with estimated result. If the results are desirable
the improvisation must be accepted otherwise should further look for changes.
Act- The diversion in plans and process results must be analyses. The reason for deviation
must be studied to get the desired result ahead. Corrective measures are to be applied. Tesco
suppliers are provided with different implementation of artificial intelligence which is
regarded as the best implement-ion of continuous improvement management in a business
entity(Vladimirovna, G.O., and et.al, 2019)
7. Conclusion
Tesco can rely on its operations effectiveness in its innovation in inventory management, in
store customer services satisfaction and amazing treatment of employees in reference to their
job capabilities, fitness condition, and position in the company. The organization have lot of
dependency on technology and information technology. Now it is applied improvised
implementation of the just in time inventory management system. The twinning of
technology and work planning process helps the company to be ahead of market competition.
References
Bodhroddoza, S.M., 2020. Operation and maintenance experience, ageing management and
upcoming challenges & opportunities of BAEC TRIGA Research Reactor. In -
Research Reactors: Addressing Challenges and Opportunities to Ensure
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Effectiveness and Sustainability. Summary of an International Conference.
Supplementary Files.
Falcó, X., Ortega, M. and Pinilla, A., 2018. Development of a Smart System for the
Operation of a Complex Sanitation System. New Trends in Urban Drainage
Modelling: UDM 2018. p.207.
Ge, Y.Y. And et.al, 2020. The Database Management Analysis for the ASO-S Science
Operation and Data Center. Acta Astronomica Sinica, 61(4). p.46.
Halim, A., 2019. Project Management of Oil & Gas Block Transfer: Case Study MH Block of
Planning & Implementation of Smooth Operation Transfer From TT to Pertamina.
Mohamed, M.A., 2022. An IoT-Enabled Stochastic Operation Management Framework for
Smart Grids. IEEE Transactions on Intelligent Transportation Systems.
Opes, V., Vales, M.C. and Machado, S., 2019. Improving the Numeracy Level of Grade One
Pupils through the CI Project Operation: Mathechnic. Ascendens Asia Journal of
Multidisciplinary Research Abstracts, 3(2G).
Vladimirovna, G.O., and et.al, 2019. Civil Project Management at Russian Defense
Enterprises Taking into Account Consumer Attitude to Changes in the Product
Design and Operation. Academy of Strategic Management Journal, 18(6) .pp.1-16.
Wang, B., and et.al, 2021, August. Advancement of Sustainable Development, Project
Management and Operation Optimization Based on the Fifteenth ICMSEM
Proceedings. In International Conference on Management Science and Engineering
Management. (pp. 1-11). Springer, Cham.
Yang, G. and et.al, 2021, December. Energy Intelligent Management and Control System
based on Multi Energy Complementary Operation Control. In 2021 IEEE
Sustainable Power and Energy Conference (iSPEC) (pp. 2534-2536). IEEE.
(Bodhroddoza, S.M., 2020) (Falcó, X., Ortega, M. and Pinilla, A., 2018) (Ge, Y.Y. And et.al,
2020) (Halim, A., 2019) (Mohamed, M.A., 2022) (Opes, V., Vales, M.C. and
Machado, S., 2019) (Vladimirovna, G.O., and et.al, 2019) (Wang, B., and et.al,
2021) (Yang, G. and et.al, 2021)
Table of Content
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Part 2: Project Portfolio
Project Title p
An overview of the case study you have been given p
An explanation of each stage of the PLC that applies to your
selected project, including supporting documentation for each
stage (e.g., business case, the project plan, cost-benefit analysis
and work breakdown structure):
 Project initiation p
 Project planning p
 Project execution p
 Project closure p
Analysis of the project methodologies and tools used
Review and critically evaluate the effectiveness of the PLC in
application to your project using the appropriate theories models
and concepts p
Project Title
The aim of the organization is to reduce unproductive movement of the employee in the
premises and provide them healthy food by starting a onsite canteen.
An overview of the case study you have been given
Project life cycle is series of activity that need to be carried out in order to accomplish task
successfully. It is divided in 5 stages that is initiating, planning, executing, monitoring,
controlling and closing. Projects are main work part of the organization. In order to carry out
the projects employees are assigned with work that need to be done by them. These projects
have specific deadline within which the project must be completed. Hence its execution and
planning is done by keeping lot of things caution (Shoshin and Susanin, 2021). Trek
Motorcycles a Transportation Equipment Manufacturing company in United Kingdom.
An explanation of each stage of the PLC that applies to
your selected project, including supporting documentation
for each stage (e.g., business case, the project plan, cost-
benefit analysis and work breakdown structure):
 Project initiation
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This the initial phase of the project life cycle consist of two processes, determining the
project idea. Market research is done in this phase to find out feasibility of the plan. Scope of
the plan, about its reliability and effectiveness. In the current case of Trek Motorcycles they
are planning to develop a system where absenteeism and food related problem of the
employees can be solved. This initiative taken by organization is with aim to increase
productivity.
 Project planning
Once the project feasibility and reliability is studied and analyzed properly, planning
is done to achieve the objective. This stage of project life cycle including preparing
task schedule, resources allocation and obstacles in the project. The budget for the
project is also made in this phase. Risk is calculated in this phase and corrective
measures that would eliminate risk is also made in this stage. Trek Motorcycles
objective to setup a onsite canteen requires $100000 investment (Ahmadabadi and
Heravi, 2019).
 Project execution
When all the arrangements are done according to the plan, resources planning and
allocation is completed the plan is all set to be executed. In the execution stage plan
need all resources required to execute the plan is gathered. Risk factor is minimized
and the risk that would make the plan unsuccessful is eliminated. The organization
will execute the plan by assigning duties to people and assigning task to competent
people. Project execution should be properly done with all the tools and techniques
required.
 Project closure
At this stage of project life cycle, the project end stage, the outcome of the plan
implementation is received in this stage. Its either effective or waste of resources and
time of the organization. In the performance of the project is analyzed and
according to the achievement rewards and motivation is provided. The documentation
related to the project is handed over to the stakeholder. Reviews are taken also
feedback are welcomed in order to compare the performed task and budgeted task
deviations Corrective measures then established or complete change of plans is made.
Analysis of the project methodologies and tools used
 Execut
ive
summ
ary
This project implemented by Trek Motorcycle to cut out unproductive hour
of the employee and provide hygienic healthy food to employee by starting a
on-site canteen as a part of CSR activity. The desired outcome for the
project is increased efficiency and good health of the employee.
 Vision The ultimate vision of the organisation is to create a better environment for
employee so that their productivity increases. On-site catering is to be
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started to eliminate absenteeism of employee. All this is also done by Trek
Motorcycle to do complete is CSR practice(Garcia-Teruel and et.al, 2022).
 Missio
n
The Mission of Trek Motorcycle is to increase the productivity of its
employee. The organisation is involved in CSR activity that shows that
company works on ethics and values . And company's sole aim is to bring
positive environment in the organisation. The company is contributing for
healthy lifestyle of the employees which is step towards society
development.
 Object
ives
The objective of Trek Motorcycle is to reduce unproductive movement in
the organisation. And full fill its CSR objective by providing healthy food
on-site canteen for its staff. This all to achieve higher efficiency during the
working hour.
 Strate
gies
In order to achieve the efficiency and productivity that Trek Motorcycle
desires it have to use various tools and techniques. Project life cycle
methodology to analyse plans feasibility. Lean principles of management to
effectively implement the plan to achieve the objective. Continuos
improvement plan to bring innovation and modification in the business
entity(Kamarulzaman and et.al, 2019).
 Innov
ation
Creativity and innovation are two important areas of an organisation, this
will help the organisation productivity to go higher. Trek motorcycle is
involving creativity by implementing Gym, games and other entertainment
things which keep employee mind fresh and ready for work. A gentle
reminder alarm that break time is over, so that employee know their break
time and can get work to work on time.
 Oppor
tunity
The environment is full of chances but there is requirement to observe it
critically and create opportunity out of it. For Trek Motorcycle there are a
lot of opportunity anticipated ,environment scanning and feedbacks of
clients are the areas where the organisation can work to attain higher
income. Technology and artificial intelligence is really practical in today's
era for producing more income.
 Impro
vemen
t
Continuos improvement plan is the only option left with the company that
can assist the organisation to regularly alter its work and techniques. This
will increase the effectiveness and profit of Trek Motorcycle
(Nepomnyashchyi, Barzylovich and Medvedchuk, 2018).
 Resou
rces
requir
ed
Trek Motorcycle needs a lot of resources for setting up a canteen. This
includes chefs, workers, furnitures and fixtures. Also kitchen tools and raw
materials that are needed to prepare the food. Other equipments that are
necessary for Gym and entertainment as per the requirements.
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Review and critically evaluate the effectiveness of the PLC
in application to your project using the appropriate
theories models and concepts
Project life cycle is a very important element for an organization to be grow. It is a complete
activity which includes everything from innovating idea, its resources diversification,
implementation and performance measurement. It is productive plan that has all the essential
details about plan's risk and mistakes that may arise during the process. PLC authorize Trek
manufacturing to avoid leave of the employees and unessential movements which were taken
by them during office hours. And that directly impacts the productivity of organization.
Onsite canteen and good quality food was a great decision that the organization could make.
Project life cycle, six sigma and lean principles of management are some of the methodology
used by the organization to achieve its objective. These all methodology or theory plays a
crucial role in increasing production level in an organization (Zhang and Wang, 2022).
References
Shoshin, L. and Susanin, V., 2021, October. Digital Transformation of an Aircraft Operation
Ecosystem. In International Conference on Reliability and Statistics in
Transportation and Communication .pp. 198-212. Springer, Cham.
Ahmadabadi, A.A. and Heravi, G., 2019. The effect of critical success factors on project
success in Public-Private Partnership projects: A case study of highway projects in
Iran. Transport Policy .73. pp.152-161.
Garcia-Teruel, A. and et.al, 2022. Life cycle assessment of floating offshore wind farms: an
evaluation of operation and maintenance. Applied Energy. 307. p.118067.
Kamarulzaman, A. and et.al, 2019, November. Reducing Integrated Operation Project
Deployment Complexity through Application Programming Interface API Enabled
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Nepomnyashchyi, O.M., Barzylovich, D.V. and Medvedchuk, O.V., 2018. Risk-management
as an instrument of the public regulation of risk assessment in construction and
operation of buildings. Публічне урядування, (5). pp.188-202.
Zhang, H. and Wang, X., 2022, June. Design of intelligent scheduling system for IT
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