Operations and Project Management: A Review and Critique of Tesco's Operations Management Principles

This report provides a review and critique of Tesco's operations management principles, including an analysis of the extent to which they meet the requirements of the organization. It also discusses continuous improvement as a philosophy and describes Lean principles. The report concludes with a continuous improvement plan, including justified recommendations for improvement based on the review and critique of operations management principles within Tesco.

ID
Unit Number and Title Unit 187 –
Operations and
Project Management
Title Review and Critique
of Operations
Management (Part
1

Table of Content
Part 1: Business Report
1. An introduction to chosen organization p
2. An explanation of operation vs operations management p
3. A review and critique of the implementation of operations
management principles within the chosen organization p
4. An analysis of the extent to which the operations management of
the organization in the case study meets the requirements of the
organization p
5. Discussion of continuous improvement as a philosophy and
describe the Lean principles p
6. A continuous improvement plan, including your justified
recommendations for improvement, based on your review and
critique of operations management principles within your
organization p
7. Conclusion p
References p
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1. An introduction to chosen organization
Tesco is the famous retailer and super store organization of the grocery items.
It is the public limited organization which is headquartered in England. The
organization has 500 brands to serve the needs of the customer (Ahmadabadi and
Heravi, 2019). It has multiple branches in national or international countries. It was
established by Jack Cohen in 1919. Tesco deals in several goods like beauty
products, food and beverages, refreshments items and diversified their business in
to books, furniture, toys, clothes, software system, financial services and web
services. Tesco is listed on the stock exchange of the London. It is the biggest multi
national company which is providing products and services at low cost. The
company has own retail stores in more than 200 countries. It is known for its product
quality, and supplying the commodities at reasonable price. The main purpose of this
company is to take feedback from the customers and provides maximum
satisfaction. Company wants to gain goodwill at the global level by providing safe
and healthy product.
2. An explanation of operation vs operations management
Operation refers to all the raw materials required in producing and
manufacturing the product. It is necessary for every enterprise to spend on trading
activities to maintain the profitability standards. It is the expenses which is essential
for running the organization (Carlos, 2019) (Chen, Duan, and Li, 2019). It means
the use of techniques in practical approach. Operation management is the bigger
term and use several tools for managing the maximum efficiency in the company. It
is the conversion of all the direct as well as indirect resources like material, labor and
overhead to produce a product. It means to maintain the equilibrium between
revenue an the cost. It is the method of managing or monitoring the manufacturing
process. It refers to the transfer of inputs in to the outputs. It has various elements
like design of product, modification in product, product expansion, supply chain
management, and stock control.
Operation Operation management
Operations is the expenses incurred by
the company for direct expenses, product
modification, logistic management and
stock management.
It is the wider concept and covers the
area of management and main aim is to
producing the product and to deliver at
right time or right place. It refers to the
tracking of all expenses to improve the
quality and reduces the wastage and
errors at beginning stage.
Tesco earn the profit by selling the goods
on daily basis to the customers.
For ex- Tesco has brings improvements
in drinking product by using high quality
raw materials.
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3. A review and critique of the implementation of
operations management principles within the chosen
organization
These two terms operations and project management are very important for
the company. It insist the organization to work in most efficient manner. Tesco is the
largest producer and renowned brand of customers (Cho, and et al., 2019). They
focus on delivering the right product to the target customer. The enterprise make the
policies and norms to receive better outcomes in product quality, speedy delivery.
Company has several tools and methods of managing the operation management.
This is used for the optimum utilization of the available resources. This enterprise is
now shifting towards more organic goods. Operation management is a production
management function that ensures optimum utilization of resources that makes the
production of manufactured goods more efficient. The main aim of the operational
management is to increase the profitability and efficiency of the organization. There
are ten principals of operational management which are to followed in order to avoid
error and mistakes.
Reality- The management of organization must focus on the main problem that
majorly effects the efficiency of organization. According to the study done by
Schaeffer, there is no single method or theory which can offer a universal solution to
a problem. Tesco is a organization which subdivides the process in to various parts
so that proper sales is conducted to the clients.
Humility- Manger should know the limitation and focus on process that saves time
and money of the organization. Avoiding hit and trial error method at all cost
increases overall efficiency of organization. TESCO has perfect operating system as
it lowers the production expenses and increases the productivity of organization.
Timely delivery and quality outputs eventually manage to have a market advantage
over their competitors in the market.
Organization- In production management all the factors must be predictable and
consistent. The operational management cannot be profitable without production
planning and control that provides predictability and consistency (Denkler, 2019).
Accountability- Every person who are assigned duties must be accountable for
his/her actions. Tesco works in both its UK and international system, so controlling,
planning, directing plays a vital role in effective management. Tesco's operations are
dependent on trained and professional staff.
Change- Modification and alteration in current working system is necessary to make
system effective. Rectification of error by updating is necessary. In the dynamic
environment. IT operations management, the set of producing that manages
production systems, is a vital business function. Alteration management method are
very useful for making decisions on how to upgrade, replace, or increase existing
production management systems. Operations systems that are aptly controlled
enable the firm measure performance from its component systems and subsystems
with a feedback system that ensures customer satisfaction even in global operations
where local personnel are the majority staff (Ge, and et al., 2020).
Quality Control- Manufacturing operations should be such which ensures that
quality is accepted by the customer. And quality should be such that it offers great
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satisfaction to the end consumers. Total quality management concept must be
achieved by the organisation by being excel in areas like procurement, logistic,
material management, warehousing. It involves careful monitoring and controlling the
operation right from buying the product to delivering the product in the market.
Operation system of Tesco enables the firm to measures the actual production with
budgeted production.
Success- For an organisation must be successful one the customer must be
satisfied and profit , overall revenue of the company must increase. Tesco being the
most lucrative supermarket chain. It ensures customers interest and provide best
quality product so that it sets examples for other brands.
Know your competition- Studying competitors strategy for sales and evaluation
of their tactics is really important. It helps to take the competitive advantage.
Knowing about the practices, competition, product and customer are really important
to beat the competition in the market. Product differentiation is also possible when
the business is aware opf the market product. Tesco is the UK grocery market leader
it has various competent competitors like Sainsbury', ASDA, Aldi, Lidli are giving a
strong competition to the business entity. Still Tesco remains the market leader with
its effective strategic and plans. Tesco’s operation and supply chain delivers the
business entity one of its main competitive advantage over their challenger. Tesco
has ability to control its entire supply network with contracted firms that supply
products to Tesco conforming to their plan hence able to diverge the price paid to
their advantage
Causality- Market now a days have become more advanced and technology
based , a firm which have updated system of technology operates smoothly in the
environment. To streamline operations managers must recognize the problem before
their occurrence and eliminate them. Tesco uses operations management system,
like an enterprise planning system (ERP), manufacturing execution system (MES), or
material requirements planning system (MRP). Such systems enables the company
to meet the requirements for efficiency. This also ensures smooth flow of operations
and that increases productivity of the organization (Liu, and Qiu, 2020).
Consumer Collaboration: Taking feedback and reviews for alteration and
modification in the product from the customer is important. This will help to get in-
depth insights that is not known by the organization. In Tesco innovative strategic
management requires brilliant operations system that have measurable performance
appraisals which lets the organization know about its performance.
4. An analysis of the extent to which the operations
management of the organization in the case study meets
the requirements of the organization
The principles of operation management are important and very effective for
the profitability of the business entity. Operation management helps the company to
increase productivity and effectiveness of the operations. Tesco with its technology
and effective operations management has been able to achieve the market leader
title.
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The main aim of the business is to provide best quality product that makes the
customer come again. Tesco is one such organisation which focuses on customer
preference and delivers world class product to its consumers (Rinaldi, and et al.,
2021).
Tesco maintains their work place effectiveness, by providing the employees. The
organisation maintains good relationship to their employees so that they become
highly effective and productive
5. Discussion of continuous improvement as a philosophy
and describe the Lean principles
Continuous improvement is a activity of making plans and for improving
working efficiency. Improvising and rectification of error are better than facing
negative consequences. Therefore continuous improvement is necessary for
increasing productivity. Hence, it is ever going on process in an organization.
Lean Principles
These principles are used in manufacturing units of the organization for cost
reduction by managing waste.
Value Defining: This principle shows that customer should know the value of
product they are purchasing . And the product they are buying should satisfy the
value they are paying for the product. Tesco has value that provides best quality
product to consumers with technology effective system (Wei, and Yang, 2018).
Value stream: This includes full process involved in taking a specific product from
raw material and delivering the final product to the customer. It is corrective activity
which rectifies error which is happening in the processing of the product. The aim of
the principle is to find out the activity that is wasting resources of business entity.
Flow: After the wastage element and error in the process is identified, next activity is
to make sure next process goes on flawlessly. Remodeling of an firm operating
system to strategically meet the current challenges inherited by globalization. Tesco
uses highly advanced technology and information technology which do not let the
operation be disturb due to any error in the operations.
Pull: This aspect of lean principle mainly have its concentration on stock
management and keeping. There should be no wastage and overuse of material in
the process. This makes the product to improve and easy to deliver product to its
end user (Yao, 2021).
6. A continuous improvement plan, including your justified
recommendations for improvement, based on your review
and critique of operations management principles within
your organization
Continuos improvement plan is important to solve quality related issues if
occurs during the production of product and services. This possible to achieve
through applying PDCA approach in reference to Tesco.
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Plan – Making budgets and reports which guides the workers from manufacturing to
delivering product in the market. This helps in identifying market need and
opportunities available in the market. Tesco is working towards improvising its
customer experience across all functional area of its business.
Do- The next step after planning is to start doing activities that amounts to
modification and changes. This innovative changes bring a lot of difference in the
organisation effectiveness. A continuous improvement in organisation match the
standards set by the organisation. Tesco keeps on modifying its information
technology to provide its user best experience.
Check- The changes, modification made should be checked and analysed. Once
such changes takes place the outcome should be compared with estimated result. If
the results are desirable the improvisation must be accepted otherwise should
further look for changes.
Act- The diversion in plans and process results must be analysed. The reason for
deviation must be studied to get the desired result ahead. Corrective measures are
to be applied. Tesco suppliers are provided with different implementation of artificial
intelligence which is regarded as the best implement-ion of continuos improvement
management in a business entity.
7. Conclusion
Tesco can rely on its operations effectiveness in its innovation in inventory
management, in store customer services satisfaction and amazing treatment of
employees in reference to their job capabilities, fitness condition, and position in the
company. The organization have lot of dependency on technology and information
technology. Now it is applied improvised implementation of the just in time inventory
management system. The twinning of technology and work planning process helps
the company to be ahead of market competition.
References
Ahmadabadi, A.A. and Heravi, G., 2019. The effect of critical success factors on
project success in Public-Private Partnership projects: A case study of highway
projects in Iran. Transport Policy, 73. pp.152-161.
Carlos, M.H., 2019. Construction, operation and maintenance of the 5MW Solar
Photovoltaic Power Plant of Cerro Prieto [Construcción, operación y mantenimiento
de la central solar fotovoltaica piloto 5MW cerro prieto.].
Chen, Y., Duan, B. and Li, T., 2019, December. Research on Cognitive Diagnosis
System Based on Production and Education Integration in Wind Power Operation
and Maintenance. In 2019 IEEE PES Asia-Pacific Power and Energy Engineering
Conference (APPEEC) (pp. 1-5). IEEE.
Cho, J., and et al., 2019, May. Demonstration of a DC Microgrid with Central
Operation Strategies on an Island. In 2019 IEEE Third International Conference on
DC Microgrids (ICDCM) (pp. 1-5). IEEE.
Denkler, T., 2019. Comparison of the Operation of Accreditation Bodies in Europe-
Final Report Pilot Phase.
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Ge, Y.Y., and et al., 2020. The Database Management Analysis for the ASO-S
Science Operation and Data Center. Acta Astronomica Sinica, 61(4). p.46.
Liu, D. and Qiu, Z., 2020. The Coding Technology of Operation and Management
Risk Characteristics Based on the In-Depth Learning. In Data Processing
Techniques and Applications for Cyber-Physical Systems (DPTA 2019) (pp. 1661-
1671). Springer, Singapore.
Rinaldi, G.,and et al., 2021. Incorporating stochastic operation and maintenance
models into the techno-economic analysis of floating offshore wind farms. Applied
Energy, 301. p.117420.
Wei, L. and Yang, S., 2018, December. Based On Big Data Technology Analysis On
The Mode And Countermeasures Of Smart City Construction Operation
Management. In 2018 3rd International Conference on Smart City and Systems
Engineering (ICSCSE) (pp. 184-186). IEEE.
Yao, K., 2021. The Operation of Chinese Large-Scale Sports Facilities in Facilities
Management (Doctoral dissertation, Pratt Institute).
Table of Content
Part 2: Project Portfolio
Project Title p
An overview of the case study you have been given p
An explanation of each stage of the PLC that applies to your
selected project, including supporting documentation for each
stage (e.g., business case, the project plan, cost-benefit analysis
and work breakdown structure):
 Project initiation p
 Project planning p
 Project execution p
 Project closure p
Analysis of the project methodologies and tools used p
Review and critically evaluate the effectiveness of the PLC in
application to your project using the appropriate theories models
and concepts p
Project Title
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The aim of the organization is to reduce unproductive movement of the employee in
the premises and provide them healthy food by starting a onsite canteen.
An overview of the case study you have been given
Project life cycle is series of activity that need to be carried out in order to
accomplish task successfully. It is divided in 5 stages that is initiating, planning,
executing, monitoring, controlling and closing (Ali, Al-Dhaifallah, and Komikawa,
2022). Projects are main work part of the organization. In order to carry out the
projects employees are assigned with work that need to be done by them. These
projects have specific deadline within which the project must be completed. Hence
its execution and planning is done by keeping lot of things caution. Triumph
Motorcycles a Transportation Equipment Manufacturing company in United
Kingdom. The company has aimed to reduce its employees unproductive movement
in the office premises and deliver them hygienic food facility by starting a on-site
canteen. This is the major problem because it effects the productivity of employee
and disturbs the decorum of the business entity. Triumph Motorcycles has to come
up a strategy that eliminate the errors in going on in the organization. To avoid the
absenteeism of employee the canteen idea is good. But the canteen should provide
of good quality and material used should be of premium quality at affordable rates so
that employees buy it. And for avoiding unnecessary movements for refreshment
should tracked.
An explanation of each stage of the PLC that applies to
your selected project, including supporting documentation
for each stage (e.g., business case, the project plan, cost-
benefit analysis and work breakdown structure):
 Project initiation
This the initial phase of the project life cycle consist of two processes,
determining the project idea. Market research id done in this phase to find out
feasibility of the plan. Scope of the plan, about its reliability and effectiveness. In the
current case of Triumph Motorcycles they are planning to develop a system where
absenteeism and food related problem of the employees can be solved. This
initiative taken by organization is with aim to increase productivity (Bussery, and et
al.,2018).
 Project planning
Once the project feasibility and reliability is studied and analyzed properly,
planning is done to achieve the objective. This stage of project life cycle including
preparing task schedule, resources allocation and obstacles in the project. The
budget for the project is also made in this phase. Risk is calculated in this phase and
corrective measures that would eliminate risk is also made in this stage. Triumph
Motorcycles objective to setup a onsite canteen requires $100000 investment. This
project comes with the risk of employees not liking the idea of the canteen and take it
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otherwise. Project can be properly applied when lean principal are properly applied
ans six sigma rule is also used by the management of the organization.
 Project execution
When all the arrangements are done according to the plan, resources
planning and allocation is completed the plan is all set to be executed. In the
execution stage plan need all resources required to execute the plan is gathered.
Risk factor is minimized and the risk that would make the plan unsuccessful is
eliminated. The organization will execute the plan by assigning duties to people and
assigning task to competent people. Project execution should be properly done with
all the tools and techniques required (Kim, And et al.,2018) . Triumph Motorcycle can
execute the plan by opening the canteen on site and providing best quality food and
some entertainment area. An place which can attract the employee to stay in the
premises only such as Gym, games and T.V. So that employees get all under one
roof and do not feel to go outside. The urgency of the project execution is high
because it is affecting the productivity a lot.
 Project closure
At this stage of project life cycle, the project end stage, the outcome of the
plan execution is received in this stage. Its either effective or waste of resources and
time of the organization. In the performance of the project is analyzed and according
to the achievement rewards and motivation is provided. The documentation related
to the project is handed over to the stakeholder. Reviews are taken also feedback
are welcomed in order to compare the performed task and budgeted task deviations
(Park, Lee, and Lee, 2018). Corrective measures then established or complete
change of plans is made. How successful the plan is measured by the amount of
productivity and efficiency achieved. Triumph Motorcycles objective was to cut out
the unproductive waste movements of the employee the canteen plan must be
successful one in order to eliminate the fault in the system.
Analysis of whole case of Triumph Motorcycles
 Executi
ve
summ
ary
This project implemented by Triumph Motorcycle to cut out
unproductive hour of the employee and provide hygienic healthy food to
employee by starting a on-site canteen as a part of CSR activity. The
desired outcome for the project is increased efficiency and good health
of the employee. In order to achieve the goal Triumph Motorcycles use
various methodology such project life cycle in order to analyse the
situation critically and effectively implementing it.
 Vision The ultimate vision of the organisation is to create a better environment
for employee so that their productivity increases. On-site catering is to
be started to eliminate absenteeism of employee. All this is also done by
Triumph Motorcycle to do complete is CSR practice.
 Missio
n
The Mission of Triumph Motorcycle is to increase the productivity of its
employee. The organisation is involved in CSR activity that shows that
company works on ethics and values . And company's sole aim is to
bring positive environment in the organisation. The company is
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contributing for healthy lifestyle of the employees which is step towards
society development.
 Objecti
ves
The objective of Triumph Motorcycle is to reduce unproductive
movement in the organisation. And full fill its CSR objective by providing
healthy food on-site canteen for its staff. This all to achieve higher
efficiency during the working hour.
 Strate
gies
In order to achieve the efficiency and productivity that Triumph
Motorcycle desires it have to use various tools and techniques. Project
life cycle methodology to analyse plans feasibility. Lean principles of
management to effectively implement the plan to achieve the objective.
Continuos improvement plan to bring innovation and modification in the
business entity.
innovation Creativity and innovation are two important aspect of an organisation,
this will help the organisation productivity to go higher. Triumph
motorcycle is involving creativity by implementing Gym, games and
other entertainment things which keep employee mind fresh and ready
for work. A gentle reminder alarm that break time is over, so that
employee know their break time and can get work to work on time.
 Opport
unity
The environment is full of opportunity but there is need to scan it
critically and create opportunity out of it. For Triumph Motorcycle lot of
opportunity awaits ,environment scanning and customer feedbacks are
too areas where the organisation can work to achieve higher income.
Technology and artificial intelligence is really useful in today's era for
generating excess income.
 Improv
ement
Continuos improvement plan is one such method that can help the
organisation to regularly modify its work and techniques. This will
increase the effectiveness and profit of Triumph Motorcycle
(Ponnambalam, and et al., 2020).
 Resour
ces
requir
ed
Triumph Motorcycle requires a lot of resources for setting up a canteen.
This includes chefs, workers, furnitures and fixtures. Also kitchen tools
and raw materials that are required to prepare the food. Other
equipments that are required for Gym and entertainment as per the
requirements.
Analysis of the project methodologies and tools used
Any project considers a series of steps that are to be fulfilled successfully with
proper tools and methods so that desired objective is achieved. Understanding and
implementing project life cycle methodology provide guideline how something should
be achieved. It helps in better communication by assignment of duties and
responsibility of what one should do. Tracking and measurement of progress is
possible by standards set while planning. This all contribute to proper management
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and helps in cost controlling for project (Shao, and et al.,2019). Triumph motorcycle
wanted to fix the problem of unproductive and absenteeism of the employees. There
it implemented proper project life cycle in organization to get rid of the problem.
Project life cycle enabled the firm to proper analyses working environment and find
out the fault , proper remedy by opening onsite catering was provided. Steps
required to implement the task and then controlling. Hence, project life cycle is rally
important for every organization.
Review and critically evaluate the effectiveness of the PLC
in application to your project using the appropriate
theories models and concepts
Project life cycle is an vital component for an organization to be successful. It
is a complete activity which involves everything from getting idea, its resources
allocation, implementation and performance measurement. It is effective plan that
has all the required details about plan's risk and mistakes that might occur during the
process. PLC enabled Triumph manufacturing to avoid leave of the employees and
unnecessary movements shown by them during office hours. Which had effect the
productivity of organization a lot. Onsite canteen and high quality food was a
effective decision that the organization could make. Project life cycle, six sigma and
lean principles of management are some of the methodology used by the
organization to achieve its objective. These all methodology or theory plays a vital
role in increasing productivity of an organization (Ugolo, 2021).
References
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