Review and Critique of Operations Management and Project Life Cycle at Tesco

This report provides an overview of Tesco and analyzes its operations management and project life cycle. It includes a review and critique of the implementation of operations management principles within the organization, an analysis of the extent to which the operations management of the organization meets its requirements, and a discussion of continuous improvement as a philosophy and Lean principles. The report also includes a continuous improvement plan with justified recommendations for improvement.

ID
Unit Number and Title Unit 187 – Operations and Project Management
Title Review and Critique of Operations Management (Part 1)
Project Life Cycle (Part 2)
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Table of Content
Part 1: Business Report
1. An introduction to chosen organization p
2. An explanation of operation vs operations management p
3. A review and critique of the implementation of operations
management principles within the chosen organization p
4. An analysis of the extent to which the operations management of
the organisation in the case study meets the requirements of the
organization p
5. Discussion of continuous improvement as a philosophy and
describe the Lean principles p
6. A continuous improvement plan, including your justified
recommendations for improvement, based on your review and
critique of operations management principles within your
organization p
7. Conclusion p
References p
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An introduction to chosen organization
In the United Kingdom, Tesco PLC is the multinational retail supermarket. As
measured by the gross revenues it is considered as the third largest retailer in the
world. In 1919 a group of market stalls Jack Cohen founded Tesco. In the world with
the operations it expanded to the 11 other countries (Chen, 2022). The wide range of
products were offered such as grocery, fresh foods, drinks, non-food products,
drinks, household appliances, entertainment and home products, consumer
electronic, health and beauty products. The vision of the Tesco is to provide the best
valuable product and service to the consumer without affecting the planet and the
environment.
2. An explanation of operation vs operations management
Operation Operation Management
 Producing of the product and the
service of the company, this
process is known as operation.
 Planning, controlling, directing
and organizing were concerned in
the process (Ribeiro and et.al.,
2022).
 Regarding the production
operations are considered to be
as day to day activities.
 To the manufacturing and the
production the operations are
confined.
 For example, in Tesco the
operation such as movement of
material, packaging of product
were followed.
 Controlling or dealing with the
people in the appropriate manner
is termed to as operation
management.
 The functions of directing and
controlling in company was
concerned.
 It was applied in the entire
company not concerned to
particular department.
 The concept of management is
applied to everywhere at every
place, level and department. It is a
universal concept (Qu and Niu,
2021).
 For example, the operation
management of Tesco handles all
the activities by coordinating with
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other departments.
3. A review and critique of the implementation of
operations management principles within the chosen
organization
The process of converting of input to output, this process is termed to as
operation management. Manipulating of the marketing mix elements for the positive
benefit of increasing the sales by the operation management in Tesco. In the
competitive edge the vision of the Tesco is to provide the best quality products and
perform the functions in well manner. There is an alteration of the price of Tesco
product but it sets the price according to the market (Handoko and Girsang, 2018,
September). Finance, food, clothing and the other service are the wide range of
products served by Tesco. The operation function consists of two major components.
In first components the work was monitored by the organization through the fast and
convenient method. To their product and the service the best output was delivered
through getting the valuable feedback. To manage the operations and the day to day
activities the strong workforce was formulated at the outlet.
According to the Taylor's scientific management theory, in the workforce of
the organization there is the drive of supportive to the overall production by providing
the appropriate training. There will be the major disadvantage to the operation
management in Tesco such as the lack of coordination with the different components
due to the multi level dependence in the organization. In the operations there will be
the failure if the lucrative strategy was not implemented at right place (Qu and Niu,
2021). For examples, in Tesco there is the error in the operations of manufacturing
due to the errors of the human. From the manufacturing to the sales component
there is incurred of transition issues at most of the times. Thus, there should be the
collaboration with the sales, finance, accounting and marketing department by the
operation management.
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4. An analysis of the extent to which the operations
management of the organization in the case study meets
the requirements of the organization
The hierarchical structure was followed by the Tesco. In the operations of
business it focuses with the several other departments. Because of the multiple and
the huge level business is following the structure of hierarchy. To form the better
relations company aims in working collaboratively (Qiu and et.al., 2019). The roles
and the responsibilities of each person was defined. Through forming the better
relations with the customers and focusing on the low pricing strategy Tesco was able
to gain a competitive edge. Tesco followed the appropriate marketing plan of action
as it helps the company in the better managing the functions of the company.
Company will able to target its potential market through increasing the level of
productivity.
Through the help of the advancement of technologies business will able to
reduce the cost of the goods and service. From the effective evaluation Tesco will
able to comply the basic fundamental of the stakeholder's requirement through the
aid operation management (Ribeiro and et.al., 2022). For example, in the United
Kingdom the alignment with the outlets of local retail. Customers will able to access
fastly and quickly by recruiting strong workforce. It also helps in decreasing the
queues. By evaluating the companies need the need of the stakeholder's can be
fulfilled in the organization with the help of the proper management of operations.
After the automation process company looks for providing better and the efficient
service base to its customers.
5. Discussion of continuous improvement as a philosophy
and describe the Lean principles
Continuous improvement refers to the part of ongoing process, it is also
known as continual betterment. In this process all kind of valuable efforts are termed
as part of incremental improvement with time and some breakthrough modification in
once. On the other hand, six sigmas are usually termed as data driven process for
making continuous improvement reliable and it demands majority of quality
management way of non- moving into statistical analysis (Marques, Carvalho and
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Santos, 2021). It is highly dependent on individual groundwork working in the
organization, and they are considered as trained expertise. Six sigma process
minimizes all kinds of errors in the business operations and improve the work
efficiency which forms valuable image in the industry.
Moreover, Kaizen is another model which aligns with continuous
improvement and it is measured by name ‘Building Block’ in all lean production
methodologies. It works appropriately by focusing to the core measures to minimize
the wastage and lead organization towards sustainability. In this process there are
five major factors such as personal discipline, improved morale, better team work,
quality circles and suggestive measures for improvement (Azzouni and Parham-
Mocello, 2021, October). Hence, this model drives with better convenience of Tesco
in order to make improvement with the help of collaborating employee as part of
activities. Also, they are free to make their recommendations and feedback for
changes should be made. This will create more positive culture, and they will work
willingly with their team members to generate quality output in business. Overall this
will boost up their morale and organization can make better productive results into
their context as having significant portion in the industry.
Six sigma process highlights all techniques which is applied over continuous
improvement. The pros of using this model serves organization with ability to keep
eye on customer requirements to make them fulfil. The modifications associated with
waste management in organization are quit essential to enhance the efficiency as
well as productivity catering immense experience for strong customer base. Thus, it
can be clearly stated as by effectively using this process company will be liable to
improve greater working aspects (Alosani, 2020). Also, there would be higher
amount of flexibility to easily espouse with sudden changes. As having work potential
into existing market tend to be increased with higher quality services and it will
increase the market share of the firm. Specifically, they will be able to deal with
multiple competitive forces in their existing market and encourage audience to try
products and service as getting major benefits.
6. A continuous improvement plan, including your justified
recommendations for improvement, based on your review
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and critique of operations management principles within
your organization
Through the different types of models and theories implications the
continuous improvement plan of Tesco can be analyzed with considering the
advantages and disadvantages. To the organization the concerned theories
advantages and disadvantages are:
Taylor's Scientific Management Theory – For promoting the right work completing
at the right time is the concept of theory. There will be the effective completion of the
work as it enables in the controlling of ability. Thus, the Tesco will benefit in its
operations. Thus, the management will able to control the workforce there will be the
increase in the production, through the decreasing of the inaccuracy the system of
payment will be improved and cost of production will be reduced ( Azzouni and
Parham-Mocello, 2021, October). The disadvantages are that it requires huge capital
and for providing the fast services the workforce include the unnecessary pressure.
There will be the creation of the bad image and also decrease in the performance
due to the productivity reducing. To the principles of organization it was suitable thus
it can be improved which will benefit in increasing the services. To the success of the
organization, the effective strategy should be used which will allow the process in
better formative.
Kaizen – To the process of business the tool was applicable to everyone. There will
be the improvement in the better quality of the team as the tool was quality driven. It
will benefit the organization as there will be the development of continuous
improvement of the process because of the alignment of model (Marques, Carvalho
and Santos, 2021). For the further considerations of the business manager should
be aware about it earlier. Thus, to the existing system implementing of the process in
considered to be as difficult. In the process it consumes a lot of time as providing the
training to the employee's for getting effective work.
Six Sigma – The business process capability will be enhanced through the help of
the organizational tool in this method. It helps in providing better quality product and
services, employees morale will boost, higher level of the performance and also the
profit will be increased. The waste will be reduced using the six sigma. The other
benefit is that the process of optimizing was supported to the aim of decreasing the
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overall waste (Alosani, 2020). To run the function clearly it is essential for business
in the error reducing and also the efficiency will be increased. To implement the
process by each member it consumes a lot of time is the disadvantage of the
process. For the suitable and the particular industries the application of functionality
is limited.
Bench-marking – Against the organization overall process and the product and
service was measured to operation of the multiple aspects. The benefits of the
process is that the internal process was improved through the more efficient process.
In the organization work performance the level of understanding is developed. In the
well-mannered the process the aspect can be performed and monitored. Through
the such process there will be the decrease in the cost and the increase in the
efficiency of the overall work (Marques, Carvalho and Santos, 2021). By practicing
the such activities the purpose can be favored for the organization. It also mainly
focuses on the retention of the customer. The negative impact is that there will be
the unfavorable result because of the lack of insufficient information's. To the
improvement of the performance of the company Benchmark is considered to be the
first of most steps. Thus, to succeed the competitive advantage it does not lead to
favor the micro and the macro factors.
7. Conclusion
It has been concluded from the current report that the day to day business
strategy was deal in the operation management and the planning, motivating,
organizing and controlling of the resource was deal in the project management for
achieving the goals. The report provided the overview of the Tesco. Further, the
report explained the operation management and operation difference. Moreover, the
report analyzed that the hierarchical structure was followed by Tesco to meet the
requirements. Further, as a philosophy the continuous improvement was discussed
and recommended on the basis of the critique of operation management principles.
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References
Alosani, M.S., 2020. Case example of the use of Six Sigma and Kaizen projects in
policing services. Teaching Public Administration. 38(3). pp.333-345.
Azzouni, A. and Parham-Mocello, J., 2021, October. A Method for Evaluating a
Computing Program's Continuous Improvement Plan. In 2021 IEEE
Frontiers in Education Conference (FIE) (pp. 1-4). IEEE.
Chen, J.J., 2022. Tesco Plc. In International Cases of Corporate Governance (pp.
27-44). Palgrave Macmillan, Singapore.
Handoko, D. and Girsang, A.S., 2018, September. Service desk implementation with
information technology infrastructure library framework (study case financial
company). In Journal of Physics: Conference Series (Vol. 1090, No. 1, p.
012059). IOP Publishing.
Marques, P.A., Carvalho, A.M. and Santos, J.O., 2021. Improving Operational and
Sustainability Performance in a Retail Fresh Food Market Using Lean: A
Portuguese Case Study. Sustainability. 14(1). p.403.
Qiu, W., and et.al., 2019. Hierarchical structure of silk materials versus mechanical
performance and mesoscopic engineering principles. Small. 15(51).
p.1903948.
Qu, W. and Niu, H., 2021. Research on the establishment and operation
management of flexible organization. In E3S Web of Conferences (Vol. 253,
p. 03070). EDP Sciences.
Ribeiro, V.R.T., and et.al., 2022. Guidelines for organization, operation and
evaluation of clinical trials pharmacies in Brazil: a scope review. Ciência &
Saúde Coletiva. 27. pp.3103-3116.
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Table of Content
Part 2: Project Portfolio
Project Title p
An overview of the case study you have been given p
An explanation of each stage of the PLC that applies to your
selected project, including supporting documentation for each
stage (e.g., business case, the project plan, cost-benefit analysis
and work breakdown structure):
 Project initiation p
 Project planning p
 Project execution p
 Project closure p
Analysis of the project methodologies and tools used p
Review and critically evaluate the effectiveness of the PLC in
application to your project using the appropriate theories models
and concepts p
Project Title
IN-HOUSE CATERING PROJECT
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An overview of the case study you have been given
It has witnessed in the case study that, in the organization there is no facility
of IN-HOUSE catering and due to which the employees move outside during the
lunch breaks. However, this has resulted in creating the traffic in the local area and
reducing productivity of the employees in the organization. The delay in the lunch
breaks of the employees are directly impacting the productivity of the employees.
The major business objective of the organization is reducing the movement of the
staff from the premises during the lunch breaks and helping staff to adopt the healthy
lifestyle which organization believes that it is the part of their CSR and this also leads
to reduce the staff absenteeism. Thus, the case study has shown the major
problems which is being faced by the large manufacturing organization. From the
analyzation of case study is has been found out
An explanation of each stage of the PLC that applies to
your selected project, including supporting documentation
for each stage (e.g., business case, the project plan, cost-
benefit analysis and work breakdown structure):
 Project initiation
TITLE: IN-HOUSE CATERING PROJECT
Brief Description: IN-HOUSE catering project has been taken in consideration
in context of providing benefit to the staff members and assuring them healthy
food options which helps in assuring their health effectiveness. Thus, the project
will reduce the delay in the lunch breaks of the employees and also enable them
to maintain their effective health.
Background: The project needs to be taken in consideration so the movement of
the staff can be reduced and their absenteeism can be reduced and also their
health can be made more effective. The healthy lifestyle among the staff can be
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implemented which will be highly beneficial for the staff and for the organization
as well.
Goals: The major goal of the project is that, CSR responsibility will be fulfilled
towards employees and their health will be made more effective which will be
proven highly beneficial for the employees.
Scope: The scope is to cover the majority of the employees from the pool of the
1250 staff members in this project.
Impact on the business system: The business organization will be enable to
create the effective internal environment which will be highly beneficial for
employee’s satisfaction. Also, employees in the organization will feel highly
satisfied and their morals will be increased.
Stakeholders: Suppliers, labours Board members, employees, management etc.
are the major stakeholders of the project who will create the significant impact on
operations and outcomes of the project.
Roles and Responsibilities: The major responsibility which comes is performing
the fair practices there will be legal terms maintained in proper manner which will
be beneficial for developing the effective outcomes in the project. The roles and
responsibilities will be delivered according to the skills and creativity.
Milestones: The major milestone are that producing the high quality food to the
staff and prioritising the satisfaction level of employees. Also, employees will get
the health benefit as they will get the fresh food. Thus, these are the major
milestones set for the projects and the outcomes will be delivered within keeping
these milestones at the top.
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Budget: The major expenditure for the project will be mentioned in the budget.
The budget will be maintained in effective manner so, there would be no problem
arise in relation of lack of fund. Effective budget can lead to provide the effective
outcomes it is important to manage the budget.
Constraints, Assumption: The premises have been developed that, there can
be changes in the price of the product and service can be take place which can
act as a threat in the project.
Success Measurements: The satisfaction level of employees and the retention
rate of the employees will be increased with the current project which has been
undertaken.
 Project planning
Scope planning: The major aim of the project is that it is focusing on fulfilling the
needs of the employees within providing them healthy food items. This would be
highly helpful in restricting the office premises which results in retaining the
employees and enable them to increase effectiveness in working procedure. This
provides better options to the business in terms of growing.
Preparation of the work breakdown structure: The following tasks will be
mainly performed in this project in order to achieve the appropriate results.
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Project schedule development: Proper schedule needs to be prepared for
completion of the task in selected time-frame All the major activities will be
mentioned in the Gantt chart that will highlight the activities which are needed to
be performed.
Gantt chart
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Resource planning: Resource planning plays the vital role as with the help of
this it becomes easy to perform the task. Effective resource planning manages
the resources in effective manner that does not create any barrier while
completing the project. Here is the description of the resource planning which will
be undertaken in current project.
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Performer Task Specialization
Project strategist Planning of major tasks in
the IN-HOUSE catering
project
Strategic management
specialized.
Budget manager Preparing the effective
budgets in order to reducing
expenses
Financial Expert needed
Project executor Implementing the major
task of the project
Project expert
Miscellaneous team
members
Completing the project in
accurate manner
Management knowledge.
Budget planning: Effective budget planning helps in executing the task in
appropriate manner (Gomes, Oliveira and Chaves, 2018). Also, with the help of this
expenses of the project will be maintained in effective manner.
Particulars Budgeted cost (amount in £)
Research and development 900000
Stationary and planning costs 300000
Procurement of experts 6400000
Raw material 10500000
Salary of chefs and staff 6500000
Miscellaneous expenses 1500000
Kitchen equipment 3000000
Data management cost 100000
Project management cost 2500000
TOTAL £31700000
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Procurement planning: The raw materials and vendors will be shortlisted after
analysing the negative and positive elements and appropriate quotation will be
selected which will be beneficial for the project. The chefs will be approached and
their food will be taste and best chef from the all will be hired so; they can prepare
tasty food for the employees.
Risk management: Efficient plans and procedures will be set so the risk will be
assessed and correct measures will be taken in order to reduce the extent of the
risk. KPI will be used in order to monitor the progress also, with the help of KPI’S risk
can be measured.
Quality planning: The major focus will be made on the outcomes of the project it is
needed full of quality. The quality planning will be consisting of providing comfort to
the employees within providing the quality food. Special focus will be assured on the
quality of food and hygiene will be maintained.
Communication planning: This plays mandatory role in delivering the success in
the project. Without communication it is not possible to perform the task in effective
manner. Therefore, reporting system will be implemented in which it will be clarify
who will report to whom. With the help of this, communication will become more
effective.
 Project execution
Project deliverables: In this step the tangible outcomes of the project will be
analysed so the negative impact on the success of the project can be known and
the major focus can be created on the quality of the project that is needed to
provide to employees in effective manner.
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Change requests: The changes in the project will be adopted as per the latest
trends. Also, in accordance with the set policies the project will be undertaken
and in case, change will be occurring in the policies then, the changes will be
undertaken which provide support to the project.
Performance data: The performance data will be gathered and the progress of
the project will be measured in this step. It helps in analysing the major elements
that are acting as a barrier in the success of the project.
Issue log: It is highly helpful in tracking the major issues which are arriving in the
project and creating the issues in the completion of the project.
Documentation updates: The changes which will be undertaken in the
execution phase will be recorded in the document in appropriate manner. It helps
in maintaining the record.
 Project closure
This has been determined as the last stage in the project life cycle. There are certain
activities which will need to be undertake after the completion of project which
includes (Tereso and et.al., 2019).
 Cancellation of contracts with suppliers, vendors and all the people with whom
the contract have been made.
 The Stakeholder deliverables
 Documentation of the project will be done which depicts that, project is ended.
 Informing the key stakeholders about the closure of the project.
Analysis of the project methodologies and tools used
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Project management tool: The work breakdown structure and Gantt chart has been
used as the project management tool which is highly simplified and helped in the
organising the task in appropriate manner. The work breakdown structure has
provided the information about the task that are needed to perform whereas, Gantt
chart has helped in parting the task and allocating the time frame in which task can
be completed.
Pros of WBS
 It mainly helps in delegating the tasks among the various steps which
becomes easy in terms of completing the task.
 This helps in clarifying that which task falls under which category.
 It helps in enhancing the monitoring ability of the project manager (Han,
2021).
Cons of WBS
 The structure of the WBS is rigid which leads to create the issues in
understanding.
 Sometimes it can become irrelevant.
Pros of Gantt chart
 Helps in organizing the projects in effective manner
 It improves the over-all project visibility that helps in assuring the effective
outcomes.
 It helps in keeping everything on track.
Cons of Gantt chart
 Without availability of software, it becomes hard to update and secure the
work.
 It is hard to see all the activities when the project is complex.
 It is highly time-consuming and complex project.
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Project leadership: This has been determined as the crucial aspect and it is helpful
in motivating the members of the project.
Pros-
 It is highly effective for the completion of project
 It reduces the chances of the losses in the project.
Cons-
 It can lead to create the pressure on the team.
 Error in the guidance can lead to Impact the over-all working procedure.
Review and critically evaluate the effectiveness of the PLC
in application to your project using the appropriate
theories models and concepts
Performance management
Performance management has been defined as the bunch of the activities which are
affiliated with the performance level of the project completion. The performance
management helps in analysing the performance of the project in effective manner
which would be helpful in delivering the effective outcomes (Wana and et.al., 2019).
Merits
 It enables in using the resources in most appropriate manner and also
provided the guidance in relation of using the resources in appropriate
manner.
 It helps in forming the lucrative management which lead to reduce the burden
on the over-all project. It is highly supportive in supporting the main elements of the project.
Demerits
 It is costly and therefore, it impacts the financial management in the project.
 The process is mainly based on the assumptions which can be proven wrong
and this impacts the outcomes of the project.
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From the above project is being concluded that all the major component which are
highly important in the project such as-benchmarking, targeting, setting milestone
and so on needs to be take in consideration for assuring the effective outcomes. The
project of the organization has been taken in consideration in order to provide the
food facility to the employees in organization. However, in order to assure the
effectiveness of the project the major steps of the project management have been
taken in consideration and effective establishment of the project management
concept is being done. Also, the project management tools have been used in
effective manner that has enhanced the outcomes extent in the project. Thus, it can
be said that in order to deliver the efficient outcomes the most important thing is to
adopt the techniques of project management and using the project management
tools in appropriate manner.
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References
Gomes, F., Oliveira, M. and Chaves, M.S., 2018. An analysis of the relationship
between knowledge sharing and the project management process
groups. Knowledge and Process Management. 25(3). pp.168-179.
Han, X., 2021. WBS-free scheduling method based on database relational
model. International Journal of System Assurance Engineering and
Management. 12(3). pp.509-519.
Tereso and et.al., 2019. Project management practices in private
organizations. Project Management Journal. 50(1). pp.6-22.
Wana and et.al., 2019. Contextualizing performance appraisal practices in Chinese
public sector organizations: the importance of context and areas for future
study. The International Journal of Human Resource Management. 30(5).
pp.902-919.
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