Impact of Culture, Politics and Motivation Theories on Organisational Behaviour: A Case Study of Tesco
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This report discusses the impact of power, culture and politics on the behaviour of employees in Tesco. It also covers motivation theories and factors that make an effective team.
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Organisational Behaviour
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Table of Contents INTRODUCTION...........................................................................................................................3 MAIN BODY...................................................................................................................................3 TASK 1............................................................................................................................................3 P1 Effect of culture, politics and power of organisation on individual and team behaviour and performance................................................................................................................................3 TASK 2............................................................................................................................................5 P2Discussing the motivation theories whichimplies impact onorganisational objectives achievement................................................................................................................................5 P3 Describing the main factors that makes an effective team in contrast to ineffective team:...8 Task 4:............................................................................................................................................10 P4 Describing the concepts and philosophies of organisational behaviour within the given business situation:.....................................................................................................................10 CONCLUSION..............................................................................................................................12 ........................................................................................................................................................12 REFERENCES..............................................................................................................................13
INTRODUCTION Organisational behaviour is the study of the nature and behaviour of the human resources within the business. It leads to providing proper guidance to the workforce of the work to be performed. It helps in knowing about the different assignment and tasks of the company. It assist the organisation in monitoring the performance and productivity of the workforce. It has been seen that when the workers feel satisfied they work best of their potential. It is very essential for motivating the employee's which lead to development of healthy relations in the business. The report will be prepared on Tesco which is a British international grocery retailer. The company was founded by Jack Cohen in the year 1919. It is headquartered in Welwyn Garden City, Hertfordshire, England, UK(Uhl-Bien, Piccolo and Schermerhorn ,2020). The business has more than 7000 outlets all across the world. This report discussed about the impact of power, culture and politics on the behaviour of the employee's. The ways of motivation and cooperation along with the philosophies of organisational behaviour are also covered in the report. MAIN BODY TASK 1 P1 Effect of culture, politics and power of organisation on individual and team behaviour and performance. It has been seen that the culture of the business of Tesco is changing over the time. The various aspects of organisational culture in relation to the company is discussed below: Power Culture:This gives the right of making essential decisions only to the people of top management. These individuals have the entire power to formulate strategies and policies. These people are referred as special in the workplace. All the responsibilities of workers are on the shoulders of top level. This work culture does not give the freedom to the workers to express their views and opinions(Stewart, Courtright and Manz, 2019). Task Culture:This culture is related to the performance of the task in an organisation. This culture involves the formation of various teams with an aim of accomplishing the target of the business. It provides the opportunity of making valuable contribution in completion of the tasks and assignments.
Person Culture:The companies which adopt this culture try to showcase the value of the workers. It has been seen that the employee's pays more attention on the self benefit instead of the objectives of the overall organisation. Role Culture:This culture focuses on assigning the specific roles to each worker in the company. The tasks are assigned on the basis of their specialization, qualification and prior experience. It gives the opportunity of making selection of the job role(Mishra, Ghosh and Sharma, 2021). TheexternalpowerandthepoliticalsituationofUKmakesanimpactonthe organisational culture of Tesco. The effects of the political condition of the nation can be minimised by formulation of cultural norms and cultural models within the organisation. There has been changes in the management of Tesco after the analysis of existing scenario. The increaseintheinnovationlevelresultsinenhancementoforganisationalculture.The management of Tesco has formulated various strategies for directly making a connect with the customers. It also lead to improvement in the relation among the workforce in the business. It have been found that power, culture and politics implies the effect on Tesco firm. Also it impacts the decision taking strategy of the business enterprise. Its primary focusis for establishment of inter relationof the employees in the business enterprisewith the consumers and persons which are integrated to the business organisation. These 3 components bring alterations in the productiveness of the business organisation. In the business enterprise of TESCOdue to the modifications of the politics interferences, culture change and power influences lead in the behaviour change with the culture. These alteration bringchange in environment of working of Tesco which results inthe enhancement of employees working performance. Also it have been analysedthat all these components haves affirmative and negative effect as well on the Tescos organisational behaviour(Larentis, Antonello and Slongo, 2018). As the result implementing power and politics result tonew changes which consists of the system of reward, in which the various rewardsare given to theemployees on their performance basis at the place of work. Onanother hand power have been very brutal for employees, due to powers misuses by different officials in business organisation.
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Secondlypolitics usein the place of work lead to theimprovement inTesco's performance as theyconform variables from the different structure of politics which are applicablepresently in the nation. Adaptationof these policieslead to theincrease in productivity but on other side due to all these policies the business organisations employees get involved in practices which are unethical taking at the place of work. TASK 2 P2Discussing the motivation theories whichimplies impact onorganisational objectives achievement Motivation is known as the process which maintains the behaviour of goal oriented at the place of work which results to the enhancement of employees performance for achievement of thebusiness organisational objectives and goals(Kim,Ployhart and Gibson,2018).The primary aim of the motivation theories is for analysing the motivationprocess and process of how the people can be motivated. Motivation theories are divided in 2 parts- Content Theories-It is also called as the theory of need as it resultsfor directing behaviour of humans by focusingon the internal elements. This theoryof answer of 'what encourages the people'. Main theories of content consists- Theory of ERG, Theory of Malows needs Hierarchy, Theory ofHerzberg's Two Factor,McClellandTheory ofNeedand theory ofPorter and Lawler. Here are their explanations- Theory of Maslow's Need Hierarchy-It wasintroduced byCronje andSmith in the year 1992. It isbased onactual information which states the priorityin accordance to thesignificance of the requirement.By the analysis ofpsychological,physical, basic , biologicalandsocial needs of humans. In short the theory explains that human being can be encouraged when all needs are satisfied(Hadiand et, al.,2020). Physiological need-They are the humans basic need which are essential for fulfilling the life survival including cloth, food, home, water and many others. Safety Need-In the second step the human beingfeels insecure and for accomplishingthesecurity and security including the job, health, finance and others. Tesco is giving the full security to the employees for encouraging them to the business organisation by giving home loans, health insurance and many.
Social Needs-Human is the socialanimal. Atthis level humans need family, friends and other loved ones sotheynot feellonely. Tescohave made the various groups such as club parties, sports team and creativetasks of the group. Self Esteem-After the accomplishing the above stated4 needshumansdesire always for havingego and self confidence. Theywant to experiencethe lives which is full of respect. Tescos executives do promotion of the employees on time for maintaining the respect on work performance basis. Self Actualization-It is known as the humans need in which the employees do the work for getting selfaccomplishment and full realizations so they are able for performing all the activities. Herzberg's Theory-It is a theory having 2 factors as it givesreply to the executives for how to encourage the employees for improvement in the performance of the work(Erath and et, al., 2021). These 2 factorsof the theory are stated here- Hygiene factors-It is known as the factors which not need give satisfaction for long term tothe employees but it is essential forbeing present at theplace of work meanwhilethe absent of all these components leads to the employees demotivation. These factors consists of policy of health care, environment of working, employees salary and many others. Factors of Hygieneand satisfaction of the job are proportional directly to each other. Motivating Factors-Presence of all these factors are not essential for the employees but all these components leads in effectivelyinfluencingemployees for the working. It consists of the respect, promotion and growth and states that the enhancement in factors of motivation implies the enhancement in satisfaction of the job. Process Theories-All these factors checks theprocesses ofbehaviouraland psychological ofthe person and encourageemployees for achievement of business organisation targets and goals. Basically the theory formulatesthe changes in the business organisation for performing in better way. Itconsists the theory ofSkinner's Reinforcement, theory ofVroom's Expectancy,theory of Adam's Equityand theory of Locke's Setting. Here are some-
Skinner's Reinforcement Theory-In 1930sthe theory was introducedby the BF Skinner.Theory ofSkinner's Reinforcement explainsthatmanagers behaviourtowards the employees is only role of the result. Basically the theory focuses onemployeesinternal value. In each business organisation , executives must takecare of employees internal feelings and respect and treat with them positively so the employees feel encouraged and give thebestoutput. If employees are working not correctly the executivesmust tell the mistakes done by workers in polite manner,so the employees can give positive output. Vroom's Expectancy theory:In this theory, victor vroom considers the factors under which performance level of employees are dependant. It covers the capabilities, skills, knowledge and personality of employees. It was identified that by inspiring workers and providing them with the positive working environment the firm can improve skills of its employees in effective manner. The following are the points which signifies the motivating element for motivating employees are: Valence: For motivating the employees, the manager needs to know the problems faced by the employees as well as should find ways about how can they effectively fulfil their needs. The managers basically adopts strategies like giving rewards or promotions for motivating employees. Expectancy: In this, the manager tells the expectation of company to the employees. For attaining the best performance level from the employees, the manager should provide proper training sessions for developing the skill set of employees in effective manner. Instrumentality: Under this factor, the manager of the company takes the responsibility of communicating all targets of organisation to employees so that they can have information about the goals of the company. For this the manage should also provide necessary rewards that can rise their motivation level towards completing job in optimum capacity. P3 Describing the main factors that makes an effective team in contrast to ineffective team: The development of effective teams are considered as the reason behind the success of any organisation. It has been identified that effective teams leads to the improvement of quality work along with the completion of projects in the most productive manner. The Tesco company has
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developed the robust teams at work place which leads to the optimum utilisation of resources in proper manner. The features of the effective team covers the clear purpose that covers mission, vision and task of the team(Cheng,Wei and Lin,2019). Due to effective communication of managers with team members it leads to more comfortable environment whichmotivate the employees in removing tension level. The open communication channels in Tesco company is also considered the reason for improved employee performance level. Tuck-man model of team development: The TESCO firm can learn from the team development strategy of this model in order to make highly optimised teams. The psychologist Bruce Tuck-man has recognised the team development processin the form of five stages such as Forming, storming, performing and adjourning that is explained below: Forming: Under this, the team has formed and every team member represent their best behaviour. At this stage, the team members are complete strangers with each other as it is the period of orientation and getting familiar with each other. Due to high uncertainty, the team members are searching for getting authority. Storming: It can be termed as the difficult stage as all the team members are busy in achieving the trust of each other(Brethower and et, al., 2022).In this, the team is required to focus on their respective goals which collectively is the overall goal of the company. At this stage the fight between team members could take place due to the difference in their opinions towards management policies. Norming: Under this stage, the employees are gaining importance of working in teams for completing the company objectives in most effective manner. In this, the employees try to understand the view points made by co-workers in effective manner. Performing: At this last stage, the team member develop the process for attaining company goals in effective manner. In this, the team member focus on improving their skills set so that they can complete the tasks in the optimum manner. The team of the company is on
the way for achieving objectives for this performance should be analysed for getting success. Basis Effective teamIneffective team AtmosphereItsupportsinthe developmentof friendlyworking atmospherein workplace. It creates the negative working atmosphere. ClarityIn this, the task and responsibility is clearly definedamongteam membersofthe company(Chattopadhya y, 2020). Inthis,thework responsibilityisnot fully shared among the team members. DecisionsThedecisioninthe teamsareformedon thebasisofequal consensus. Inthisusually majorityemployees have the power to make decisions as compared tominorityteam members. Expression of ideasInthis,ideasare expressed in the open and free manner. Theideasarenot openlyexpresseddue tolessmotivationof workers.
Task 4: P4 Describing the concepts and philosophies of organisational behaviour within the given business situation: The philosophies and concept of organisational behaviour is totally connected with the role of workers and organisation as a whole. The nature of people working in company can be of basic qualities of individual as it is included in business organisation. The nature of people gets highly affected by several factors which covers the individual difference, motivated attitude, perception and many more. It is found that Atta in the work environment of Tesco the management is approaching better by one by one. This channel supports Tesco firm in forming decisions on partly basis that is essential for knowing view points of employees. The other most critical element is motivation which is helpful in influencing behaviour of employees to work properly on the workplace. In addition to this, it has been identified that employees of Tesco are highly inspired towards their tasks due to the availability of strategies made by HR department. It is known that the nature play the significant role within the organization. There are different factors that affect the nature that includes the mutual interest, ethics and social system within the organization. Social systems can be refereed to the channel of connectivity of the company that the connector of the stakeholders in a formal or the informal manner. This simply implies on the behavior of the people as this works as the mirroring reflector of faith and the value of the company for for having the principle of company(Wangand et, al., 2019). This is defined as the ethics and in consideration to Tesco, they are performing all the task and the principles with full of morality with the appropriate standards by conducting the various functions that includes the values, value, integrity and so on. Individual Difference:It is the aspects which focuses on the psychology as the science that each and every person is different. With the birth, individual born unique and personal experience after birth tend to make people even more unique. Motivated behavior:There are certain aspects and the needs of an employees. As they all work only for ensuring the fulfillment of needs and wants. With the same purpose, they want to enhance the performance at the company. This is vital to make employees influence by which they can ensure the quality of work. It is the aspects which helps in completing the overall development of employees(Weiner, 2018).
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CONCLUSION It is concluded from the above report that organisational behaviour and motivation are the significant aspects which leads to fulfilment of the goals in an appropriate manner. It is analysed that the positive workplace helps in the establishing the good relationship among the staff, individual and the organisation. Politics, power and culture of the company majorly impact the overall work performance of the employees within the organisation. Moreover, company is using both process and content theory of motivation for motivating the employees by which they can get the desired position in the target market. This is suggested to the company to use the Maslow's need hierarchy theory so that they can full fill the needs of the individual at various levels and motivate them. This is also analysed that the effectiveness of team is vital aspects for the company so that all the work can be attained in an appropriate manner. This report also enlist the traits of ineffective team. Lastly, organisational behaviour is being analysed with the help of path goal theory.
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