Evaluating Organisational Maturity for Effective Disaster Response and Recovery
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The assignment content discusses the importance of monitoring and updating plans to adapt to changing market conditions and organizational maturity. It highlights the devastating impact of the Deepwater Horizon oil spill, which led to a significant increase in awareness about safety measures and regulations. The essay concludes that systems thinking provides a framework for solving complex problems by considering interactions between sub-systems and components. It emphasizes the need for organizations to develop mechanisms for future goals and resources.
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Running Head: Implementation Of Techniques
Texsas City and Deepwater Horizon
Problems and Techniques
Deep-Water Horizon
Texsas City and Deepwater Horizon
Problems and Techniques
Deep-Water Horizon
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1
Texas City and Deep-Water Horizon
Introduction
Systematic way of thinking is a universal approach towards the problem solving solutions
which embraces for increasing in the complexity of management systems and its settings.
This Theory implies the critical analysis of the fiction surroundings to the general system
thinking and the portfolio management. It basically comprises the traditional methods for
making the comparison to modern approach. Texas City and the Deep-water Horizon was a
bigger disaster which formed a big impact of disaster on the oil refinery industry. The
incidence highlights the tendency of the executives indulged into overconfidence, too much
optimism and the culture being maintained towards the risk seeking decisions. The theatrical
art seeks, to deconstruct over the chain of events regarding to the deep water horizon
blowout. It is essential to examine those events by applying the behavioural theories and
concepts and psychological biases. It identifies the operational decisions made on to
demonstrate the major effects occurred on the corporate level. The complications of the
disaster in terms of accountabilities and obligations are also discussed to emphasize on the
magnitude of the consequences resulting from the inconsistent decision making process
(Cooney et al., 2015).
General System Management-
Texas City and the Deep-water Horizon was an ultra-deep-water was dynamically
positioned, semi-submersible offshore drilling. The working of a Deep- water horizon was
the second, semi-submersible constructed and classified into two forms. It was not
dynamically positioned. The main management and the work of deep-water are set to operate
the drilling off the southern coast of Louisiana. They use the various techniques used for
implementing into many varieties, for addressing the fundamental strategies for operating the
offshore-oil-drilling (Camilli et al., 2010). It was located on the seabed and below the surface
and extended approximately higher into the rock. Deep-water Horizon management was
based on the semi-submersible, basically designed for drilling down to the subsea shafts for
oil exploration and manufacturing. It was basically designed to operate in water up to 8000 ft.
to a deep level of water. The main management work was based on using the various
techniques to oil spill into a large amount. Sometimes it was been derived to Lucky and
Illustrious. And it was termed as the most powerful rigs in the world (Cherry et al., 2010).
Organisational structures, forms and culture-
Texas City and Deep-Water Horizon
Introduction
Systematic way of thinking is a universal approach towards the problem solving solutions
which embraces for increasing in the complexity of management systems and its settings.
This Theory implies the critical analysis of the fiction surroundings to the general system
thinking and the portfolio management. It basically comprises the traditional methods for
making the comparison to modern approach. Texas City and the Deep-water Horizon was a
bigger disaster which formed a big impact of disaster on the oil refinery industry. The
incidence highlights the tendency of the executives indulged into overconfidence, too much
optimism and the culture being maintained towards the risk seeking decisions. The theatrical
art seeks, to deconstruct over the chain of events regarding to the deep water horizon
blowout. It is essential to examine those events by applying the behavioural theories and
concepts and psychological biases. It identifies the operational decisions made on to
demonstrate the major effects occurred on the corporate level. The complications of the
disaster in terms of accountabilities and obligations are also discussed to emphasize on the
magnitude of the consequences resulting from the inconsistent decision making process
(Cooney et al., 2015).
General System Management-
Texas City and the Deep-water Horizon was an ultra-deep-water was dynamically
positioned, semi-submersible offshore drilling. The working of a Deep- water horizon was
the second, semi-submersible constructed and classified into two forms. It was not
dynamically positioned. The main management and the work of deep-water are set to operate
the drilling off the southern coast of Louisiana. They use the various techniques used for
implementing into many varieties, for addressing the fundamental strategies for operating the
offshore-oil-drilling (Camilli et al., 2010). It was located on the seabed and below the surface
and extended approximately higher into the rock. Deep-water Horizon management was
based on the semi-submersible, basically designed for drilling down to the subsea shafts for
oil exploration and manufacturing. It was basically designed to operate in water up to 8000 ft.
to a deep level of water. The main management work was based on using the various
techniques to oil spill into a large amount. Sometimes it was been derived to Lucky and
Illustrious. And it was termed as the most powerful rigs in the world (Cherry et al., 2010).
Organisational structures, forms and culture-
2
Texas City and Deep-Water Horizon
The organisational structure and its forms, basically derive the shape of an administrative
culture and attitude towards the plans, that are been designed according to the risks arises,
throughout the history of the strategic ranges and operational failures. In the past years, the
infrastructure of a management and its structure that made it difficult for their executives and
the employees to make decisions quickly. Robert Horton who was appointed as a CEO in
1989 started a radical turnaround program to achieve the annual expenses. He removed the
several layers of management after being appointed (Jefferson et al., 2011).
He intended to increase the speed of managing decision making tasks. He designed the
hierarchical structure of the departments into smaller; flexible teams charged and proper way
of communications. He started taking the authority on decision making from the corporate
sectors to the upstream business and downstream business. The next strategy was brought up
by Browne, started building and creating a team spirit within the entrepreneurship among his
staff, he extended the decision making responsibility for summiting the performance targets.
As the next chief appointed, he started following the policy of cost cutting and especially in
the staffing which was introduced by the Horton’s. He totally changed organisation structure
to achieve the tasks. The culture was well maintained for the employees to keep on building
the work spirit in an organisation (Lee et al., 2012).
Engineering risk, risk management-
The management risk is been flawed with the various business models that has been
surrounded in one of the risk-taking, cost cutting, and principal efficiency improvement
within the context of risk management of their assortment or properties. In the simple term
safety can be expressed as the judgement of the risk. In order to maintain and manage the
risks been face by the organisation and it is necessary to confront and manage the risk
systematically and effectively. It is essential to know about which kind of risk has taken place
and to mitigate or to organize the risk at an acceptable level. This generally applies equally to
all the investors purchasing the stock of the year and granting the permission to all the
employees to operate offshore (White et al., 2012). It is very important for the engineers and
the executives to understand the risk because generally the risk is not been understood by
them or take the risk differently. Engineers are generally apt to understand to suggest that if
risk cannot be resolved and measured, than the risk cannot be managed. Generally, Engineers
think about the threats in terms about the possibility and significances. Executives generally
Texas City and Deep-Water Horizon
The organisational structure and its forms, basically derive the shape of an administrative
culture and attitude towards the plans, that are been designed according to the risks arises,
throughout the history of the strategic ranges and operational failures. In the past years, the
infrastructure of a management and its structure that made it difficult for their executives and
the employees to make decisions quickly. Robert Horton who was appointed as a CEO in
1989 started a radical turnaround program to achieve the annual expenses. He removed the
several layers of management after being appointed (Jefferson et al., 2011).
He intended to increase the speed of managing decision making tasks. He designed the
hierarchical structure of the departments into smaller; flexible teams charged and proper way
of communications. He started taking the authority on decision making from the corporate
sectors to the upstream business and downstream business. The next strategy was brought up
by Browne, started building and creating a team spirit within the entrepreneurship among his
staff, he extended the decision making responsibility for summiting the performance targets.
As the next chief appointed, he started following the policy of cost cutting and especially in
the staffing which was introduced by the Horton’s. He totally changed organisation structure
to achieve the tasks. The culture was well maintained for the employees to keep on building
the work spirit in an organisation (Lee et al., 2012).
Engineering risk, risk management-
The management risk is been flawed with the various business models that has been
surrounded in one of the risk-taking, cost cutting, and principal efficiency improvement
within the context of risk management of their assortment or properties. In the simple term
safety can be expressed as the judgement of the risk. In order to maintain and manage the
risks been face by the organisation and it is necessary to confront and manage the risk
systematically and effectively. It is essential to know about which kind of risk has taken place
and to mitigate or to organize the risk at an acceptable level. This generally applies equally to
all the investors purchasing the stock of the year and granting the permission to all the
employees to operate offshore (White et al., 2012). It is very important for the engineers and
the executives to understand the risk because generally the risk is not been understood by
them or take the risk differently. Engineers are generally apt to understand to suggest that if
risk cannot be resolved and measured, than the risk cannot be managed. Generally, Engineers
think about the threats in terms about the possibility and significances. Executives generally
3
Texas City and Deep-Water Horizon
tends to think of risks more in the form of risk and reward bigger the reward would be more
the risk is worth taking.
Portfolio Alignment-
In this optionally it is been enhanced on the basis of various stages in both absolute and
relative terms against specific criteria and against and each other ranking. On a standalone
and aggregated level, including the portfolio will look .Oil and gas is a continually evolving
sector requiring players the rapid changes when company strategies were last developed.
Companies need to update and respond to the changing landscape flexibility, proactively and
competitively by incorporating and preserving the optionality in portfolios. They primarily
focus on making the right modifications and the decisions. The main aim is to proper
formulate the main task in the right way (Osofsky, 2011). It is very important to make the
right modifications means to have strategic purposes at the particular time, which generally
attracts and accept risks, complexity, cost and the impact on the business as usual. The main
cause behind the tragic incident took place due to the failure in engineering part and that the
composition and mixture of cement was not accurate as required and lead to such disaster.
When the engineers were already familiar with the fact, about the inconsistency of the
mixture can cause the disastrous calamity. The Enforced Offshore drilling suspension put in
place in response to spill out to the harmful sources to the local energy industry because the
oil industry employs of the nearest residents have created more than thousand oil related jobs.
Business Value-
It can be referred to an informal terms that basically involves all forms of value that
determine the health and the well-being of the firm so as the firm would be in long run. It
establishes the value of the business which usually describes the overall worth of the
business. Generally a business should have a fair value of business so as to have a variety of
doing a business including the sale value, ownership. It is essential to set a goal for estimating
the main object of the business value. In the deep water horizon the disaster calamity caused
the main consequences of the business value in the market. The things were made regarding
an event happened, which was important for the stock prices of BP and their competitors who
provide the oil spill and the services. This generally provided both the organisation for the
shareholders with knowledge keeping in mind to determine a plan and the activity or similar
calamity should not occur in the near future (Reddy et al., 2012).There were several other
organisations was involved in the analysing and influencing of the costs regarding to the
Texas City and Deep-Water Horizon
tends to think of risks more in the form of risk and reward bigger the reward would be more
the risk is worth taking.
Portfolio Alignment-
In this optionally it is been enhanced on the basis of various stages in both absolute and
relative terms against specific criteria and against and each other ranking. On a standalone
and aggregated level, including the portfolio will look .Oil and gas is a continually evolving
sector requiring players the rapid changes when company strategies were last developed.
Companies need to update and respond to the changing landscape flexibility, proactively and
competitively by incorporating and preserving the optionality in portfolios. They primarily
focus on making the right modifications and the decisions. The main aim is to proper
formulate the main task in the right way (Osofsky, 2011). It is very important to make the
right modifications means to have strategic purposes at the particular time, which generally
attracts and accept risks, complexity, cost and the impact on the business as usual. The main
cause behind the tragic incident took place due to the failure in engineering part and that the
composition and mixture of cement was not accurate as required and lead to such disaster.
When the engineers were already familiar with the fact, about the inconsistency of the
mixture can cause the disastrous calamity. The Enforced Offshore drilling suspension put in
place in response to spill out to the harmful sources to the local energy industry because the
oil industry employs of the nearest residents have created more than thousand oil related jobs.
Business Value-
It can be referred to an informal terms that basically involves all forms of value that
determine the health and the well-being of the firm so as the firm would be in long run. It
establishes the value of the business which usually describes the overall worth of the
business. Generally a business should have a fair value of business so as to have a variety of
doing a business including the sale value, ownership. It is essential to set a goal for estimating
the main object of the business value. In the deep water horizon the disaster calamity caused
the main consequences of the business value in the market. The things were made regarding
an event happened, which was important for the stock prices of BP and their competitors who
provide the oil spill and the services. This generally provided both the organisation for the
shareholders with knowledge keeping in mind to determine a plan and the activity or similar
calamity should not occur in the near future (Reddy et al., 2012).There were several other
organisations was involved in the analysing and influencing of the costs regarding to the
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4
Texas City and Deep-Water Horizon
market value of the company. It became an essential part to determine the events happened
and to influence the market value of the BP. Before the calamity occurred stock price of the
BP went high. After the tragedy took place the price of the dollar was fall down. But the
stock price later on was on the large decrease and keep on declining in the share price.
Considering the entire important thing about the company and its economy it became an
essential to analyse the reaction of the market regarding company. This can explain the
modifications of the market value significances of the oil spill across all the oil spill
companies.
Portfolio Management Process Cycle-
The portfolio Management process is basically an essential factor to be taken for the
justification during the process lifecycle it basically aims to target and to deliver its
obligations trough a suitable skilled resource base. It is essential and critically to have a
strong skills and experience for the person leading to the portfolio management. Many right
platforms and projects are being under taken for more the chances to lead in the task, but it is
necessary to have an effective implementation and the proper resource of utilization with the
greater benefits realization. It plays a vital role to be in contact with the senior management
Project
Management
Cycle
Create
Develop
Implement
Monitor
Texas City and Deep-Water Horizon
market value of the company. It became an essential part to determine the events happened
and to influence the market value of the BP. Before the calamity occurred stock price of the
BP went high. After the tragedy took place the price of the dollar was fall down. But the
stock price later on was on the large decrease and keep on declining in the share price.
Considering the entire important thing about the company and its economy it became an
essential to analyse the reaction of the market regarding company. This can explain the
modifications of the market value significances of the oil spill across all the oil spill
companies.
Portfolio Management Process Cycle-
The portfolio Management process is basically an essential factor to be taken for the
justification during the process lifecycle it basically aims to target and to deliver its
obligations trough a suitable skilled resource base. It is essential and critically to have a
strong skills and experience for the person leading to the portfolio management. Many right
platforms and projects are being under taken for more the chances to lead in the task, but it is
necessary to have an effective implementation and the proper resource of utilization with the
greater benefits realization. It plays a vital role to be in contact with the senior management
Project
Management
Cycle
Create
Develop
Implement
Monitor
5
Texas City and Deep-Water Horizon
for the improvement in engagement and the communication process (Kujawinski et al.,
2011). The management cycle should be in continuous form and must be planned to deliver
the task. The cycles should rotate systematically when the liveliness of the people within an
organisation is directed and managed in effectively. The Procedure of the cycle is as follows:
1. Creating a Policy of an organisation- It was essential to set the policies in the market
field that can be stated as a report that contains the financier aims and limitations as it
relates to his investments.
2. Investment Strategy for the future Development- This causes creating a strategy
regarding the goods and the products which was used and has the worth to invest in the
market areas that combines the profitable value and the market share.
3. Implementation of the Plan - This causes the speculation towards the working strategy,
capitalizing in a group which intends to implement the desired tasks so that to meets the
user’s goals and constraint desires.
4. Monitoring and Updating of Plan – In the markets and shareholders needs a change as
the time changes. It is essential to monitor the situations so as to be aware of the share in
the market place. It is important for monitoring the changes occurred and to update and
modify the plans which initially lead to achieve the tasks.(White et al., 2012).
Organisational Maturity-
It can be derived as a measure of an administrations readiness and proficiency being
expressed towards the people and its practices, data and its technologies. It is essential for an
organisation to develop a mechanism for the future goals and resources. The organisation
maturity is the main instrument in an organisation to help in assessing and majorly determine
the degree of maturity to the implementation processes. For an organisation the level should
be increased according to the organisation readiness and its experience. The disastrous
calamity would not have occurred if such carelessness should be avoided on a large scale at
the earlier stage to potentially preclude the disaster. The long-term effects of the mistake will
make the engineers aware of the reliable mixture for the future projects. The spill has caused
a resilient and financial impact on the energy industry. Although the efforts were made
towards the disaster being caused to clean up the oil spill but there is still a chance of the
long-term effects (Lubchenco et al., 2012). Despite from the entire calamity resulting from its
negative effects, it also has some positive effects. It created a turning point for the
engineering industry. Now the awareness is been increased after the calamity being occurred,
Texas City and Deep-Water Horizon
for the improvement in engagement and the communication process (Kujawinski et al.,
2011). The management cycle should be in continuous form and must be planned to deliver
the task. The cycles should rotate systematically when the liveliness of the people within an
organisation is directed and managed in effectively. The Procedure of the cycle is as follows:
1. Creating a Policy of an organisation- It was essential to set the policies in the market
field that can be stated as a report that contains the financier aims and limitations as it
relates to his investments.
2. Investment Strategy for the future Development- This causes creating a strategy
regarding the goods and the products which was used and has the worth to invest in the
market areas that combines the profitable value and the market share.
3. Implementation of the Plan - This causes the speculation towards the working strategy,
capitalizing in a group which intends to implement the desired tasks so that to meets the
user’s goals and constraint desires.
4. Monitoring and Updating of Plan – In the markets and shareholders needs a change as
the time changes. It is essential to monitor the situations so as to be aware of the share in
the market place. It is important for monitoring the changes occurred and to update and
modify the plans which initially lead to achieve the tasks.(White et al., 2012).
Organisational Maturity-
It can be derived as a measure of an administrations readiness and proficiency being
expressed towards the people and its practices, data and its technologies. It is essential for an
organisation to develop a mechanism for the future goals and resources. The organisation
maturity is the main instrument in an organisation to help in assessing and majorly determine
the degree of maturity to the implementation processes. For an organisation the level should
be increased according to the organisation readiness and its experience. The disastrous
calamity would not have occurred if such carelessness should be avoided on a large scale at
the earlier stage to potentially preclude the disaster. The long-term effects of the mistake will
make the engineers aware of the reliable mixture for the future projects. The spill has caused
a resilient and financial impact on the energy industry. Although the efforts were made
towards the disaster being caused to clean up the oil spill but there is still a chance of the
long-term effects (Lubchenco et al., 2012). Despite from the entire calamity resulting from its
negative effects, it also has some positive effects. It created a turning point for the
engineering industry. Now the awareness is been increased after the calamity being occurred,
6
Texas City and Deep-Water Horizon
the oil spill was a spinning point for the engineering industry. The organisation has increased
the safety measures which have done the huge treads in increasing safety and drilling. The
Oil spill commission action has helped in a group to help in post-oil spill operation and also
help them to recover from this disaster. The spill has brought many laws and regulations to
ensure that a similar disaster would not take place in near future. And soon this disaster
would lead to the organisation to the safer side and will improved the engineering methods in
an effort to prevent from this mistake would not happen again in future.
Conclusion
Through the reflections on the theory and its applications of system thinking it has been
superficial for the approach made for its significance and its benefits to the portfolio
management. Systems thinking provide a framework for the solution to the problems which
varies to the sub-systems and components which keep on interacting with this approach. The
Texas City and the deep water horizon, oil spill was the biggest calamity ever happened in
the history with the oil spills. There were various oil industries suffered billions of dollars on
this incident. There were several reactions kept in the place to mitigate the strategies after the
spill effects. This was the biggest impact over the globally which were heavily felt by the
global impact in the economy. This causes the biggest disaster for the marine animals,
fishing, tourism and offshore exploration which was been stopped by this Oil Spill. Strict rule
and regulations has applied so as the same disaster activity should not occur in future. The
oilfield service area companies were thus deeply impacted by the drilling and the other
procedures seemed to be slightly importance with the respect to their share prices. This helps
the other companies to be aware of the tragedy which happened that the same situation
should not take place in near future. The final conclusion was being made in January 2011
was the oil spill was the consequence of a number of distinct risk factors, omissions and the
mistake made by the other parties (Smith et al., 2010).
Texas City and Deep-Water Horizon
the oil spill was a spinning point for the engineering industry. The organisation has increased
the safety measures which have done the huge treads in increasing safety and drilling. The
Oil spill commission action has helped in a group to help in post-oil spill operation and also
help them to recover from this disaster. The spill has brought many laws and regulations to
ensure that a similar disaster would not take place in near future. And soon this disaster
would lead to the organisation to the safer side and will improved the engineering methods in
an effort to prevent from this mistake would not happen again in future.
Conclusion
Through the reflections on the theory and its applications of system thinking it has been
superficial for the approach made for its significance and its benefits to the portfolio
management. Systems thinking provide a framework for the solution to the problems which
varies to the sub-systems and components which keep on interacting with this approach. The
Texas City and the deep water horizon, oil spill was the biggest calamity ever happened in
the history with the oil spills. There were various oil industries suffered billions of dollars on
this incident. There were several reactions kept in the place to mitigate the strategies after the
spill effects. This was the biggest impact over the globally which were heavily felt by the
global impact in the economy. This causes the biggest disaster for the marine animals,
fishing, tourism and offshore exploration which was been stopped by this Oil Spill. Strict rule
and regulations has applied so as the same disaster activity should not occur in future. The
oilfield service area companies were thus deeply impacted by the drilling and the other
procedures seemed to be slightly importance with the respect to their share prices. This helps
the other companies to be aware of the tragedy which happened that the same situation
should not take place in near future. The final conclusion was being made in January 2011
was the oil spill was the consequence of a number of distinct risk factors, omissions and the
mistake made by the other parties (Smith et al., 2010).
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7
Texas City and Deep-Water Horizon
References
Camilli, R., Reddy, C.M., Yoerger, D.R., Van Mooy, B.A., Jakuba, M.V., Kinsey, J.C.,
McIntyre, C.P., Sylva, S.P. and Maloney, J.V., 2010. Tracking hydrocarbon plume transport
and biodegradation at Deepwater Horizon. Science, 330(6001), pp.201-204.
Cherry, M.A. and Sneirson, J.F., 2010. Beyond profit: Rethinking corporate social
responsibility and greenwashing after the BP oil disaster
Cooney, G., Littlefield, J., Marriott, J. and Skone, T.J., 2015. Evaluating the climate benefits
of CO2-enhanced oil recovery using life cycle analysis. Environmental science &
technology, 49(12), pp.7491-7500.
Jefferson, J. and Bowling, N., 2011. The Economic and Biological Impacts of The BP Oil
Spill. Hampden-Sydney College.
Kujawinski, E.B., Kido Soule, M.C., Valentine, D.L., Boysen, A.K., Longnecker, K. and
Redmond, M.C., 2011. Fate of dispersants associated with the Deepwater Horizon oil
spill. Environmental science & technology, 45(4), pp.1298-1306.
Lee, Y.G. and Garza-Gomez, X., 2012. Total cost of the 2010 deepwater horizon oil spill
reflected in US stock market. Journal of Accounting and Finance, 12(1), pp.73-83.
Texas City and Deep-Water Horizon
References
Camilli, R., Reddy, C.M., Yoerger, D.R., Van Mooy, B.A., Jakuba, M.V., Kinsey, J.C.,
McIntyre, C.P., Sylva, S.P. and Maloney, J.V., 2010. Tracking hydrocarbon plume transport
and biodegradation at Deepwater Horizon. Science, 330(6001), pp.201-204.
Cherry, M.A. and Sneirson, J.F., 2010. Beyond profit: Rethinking corporate social
responsibility and greenwashing after the BP oil disaster
Cooney, G., Littlefield, J., Marriott, J. and Skone, T.J., 2015. Evaluating the climate benefits
of CO2-enhanced oil recovery using life cycle analysis. Environmental science &
technology, 49(12), pp.7491-7500.
Jefferson, J. and Bowling, N., 2011. The Economic and Biological Impacts of The BP Oil
Spill. Hampden-Sydney College.
Kujawinski, E.B., Kido Soule, M.C., Valentine, D.L., Boysen, A.K., Longnecker, K. and
Redmond, M.C., 2011. Fate of dispersants associated with the Deepwater Horizon oil
spill. Environmental science & technology, 45(4), pp.1298-1306.
Lee, Y.G. and Garza-Gomez, X., 2012. Total cost of the 2010 deepwater horizon oil spill
reflected in US stock market. Journal of Accounting and Finance, 12(1), pp.73-83.
8
Texas City and Deep-Water Horizon
Lu, Z., Deng, Y., Van Nostrand, J.D., He, Z., Voordeckers, J., Zhou, A., Lee, Y.J., Mason,
O.U., Dubinsky, E.A., Chavarria, K.L. and Tom, L.M., 2012. Microbial gene functions
enriched in the Deepwater Horizon deep-sea oil plume. The ISME journal, 6(2), p.451.
Lubchenco, J., McNutt, M.K., Dreyfus, G., Murawski, S.A., Kennedy, D.M., Anastas, P.T.,
Chu, S. and Hunter, T., 2012. Science in support of the Deepwater Horizon
response. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 109(50), pp.20212-20221.
Osofsky, H.M., 2011. Multidimensional governance and the BP Deepwater Horizon oil
spill. Fla. L. Rev., 63, p.1077.
Reddy, C.M., Arey, J.S., Seewald, J.S., Sylva, S.P., Lemkau, K.L., Nelson, R.K., Carmichael,
C.A., McIntyre, C.P., Fenwick, J., Ventura, G.T. and Van Mooy, B.A., 2012. Composition
and fate of gas and oil released to the water column during the Deepwater Horizon oil
spill. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 109(50), pp.20229-20234.
Smith, L.C., Smith, M. and Ashcroft, P., 2010. Analysis of environmental and economic
damages from British Petroleum’s Deepwater Horizon oil spill.
White, H.K., Hsing, P.Y., Cho, W., Shank, T.M., Cordes, E.E., Quattrini, A.M., Nelson,
R.K., Camilli, R., Demopoulos, A.W., German, C.R. and Brooks, J.M., 2012. Impact of the
Deepwater Horizon oil spill on a deep-water coral community in the Gulf of
Mexico. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 109(50), pp.20303-20308.
Texas City and Deep-Water Horizon
Lu, Z., Deng, Y., Van Nostrand, J.D., He, Z., Voordeckers, J., Zhou, A., Lee, Y.J., Mason,
O.U., Dubinsky, E.A., Chavarria, K.L. and Tom, L.M., 2012. Microbial gene functions
enriched in the Deepwater Horizon deep-sea oil plume. The ISME journal, 6(2), p.451.
Lubchenco, J., McNutt, M.K., Dreyfus, G., Murawski, S.A., Kennedy, D.M., Anastas, P.T.,
Chu, S. and Hunter, T., 2012. Science in support of the Deepwater Horizon
response. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 109(50), pp.20212-20221.
Osofsky, H.M., 2011. Multidimensional governance and the BP Deepwater Horizon oil
spill. Fla. L. Rev., 63, p.1077.
Reddy, C.M., Arey, J.S., Seewald, J.S., Sylva, S.P., Lemkau, K.L., Nelson, R.K., Carmichael,
C.A., McIntyre, C.P., Fenwick, J., Ventura, G.T. and Van Mooy, B.A., 2012. Composition
and fate of gas and oil released to the water column during the Deepwater Horizon oil
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