Factors Affecting Tourism Behavior, Models of Motivation, Recent Patterns and Trends

This presentation explores the factors affecting tourism behavior, models of motivation, and recent patterns and trends in the travel and tourism industry. It discusses the geographical, cultural, and social factors that influence customer behavior, as well as the Dann's Tourism Motivation Model, Plog's Motivational Model, and Goeldner and Ritchie Model. It also highlights the recent and emerging patterns and trends in tourism, such as B-Leisure and traveling technologies. Additionally, it examines the popularity of global destinations based on the Butler model of tourism development.

Contemporary Travel and
Tourism Industry

Table of Content
• Introduction
• Factors Affecting Tourism Behavior
• Models of Motivation
• Recent and Emerging Patterns and Trends
• Factors affecting Popularity of Global Destination
• Conclusion
• References

Tourism is an activity of traveling to different destinations for the purpose of
leisure. Hence, the presentation is based on Factors affecting tourism behavior,
motivation, as well as factors emerging patterns and popularity of global
destinations.
Introduction

There are several factors that affect tourism behaviour within individuals and are necessary
to be tracked by tourist organisations to ensure their potential attraction and acquisition
towards their services. Hence, in this context, several factors are discussed below:
Factors Affecting Tourism Behavior

 Geographical Factors: One of the most prominent factors that influence customer behaviour is
related to the geographic locations of destinations, as well as the residential location of individuals
as well. However, perception of a person is heavily considered within these factors.
 Cultural Factors: Another type of factors that are associated with affecting customer behaviour is
related to different cultural practices, procedures and language that individuals wish to explore.
However, the behaviour in this case is affected by both the interest, as well as knowledge.
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 Social Factors: These are the factors that are associated with the latest social trends, which shapes up
different sort of behaviours within individuals. For example, safety is one of prominent trends within
tourism today. Hence, if a person is considering this factor, then there might be negativity towards
terrorism prone areas, such as places around Syria.
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Motivation refers to encouragement towards different leisure activities or destinations where tourism is
considered. Moreover, in order to influence decision-making processes, it is highly required that several models
are applied which would be providing an insight in relation to determining the behaviour of individuals towards
a particular destinations. In this context, two models are identified and discussed below:
Models of Motivation

 Dann's Tourism Motivation Model:
According to this model, there are several elements within tourism, which allows an individual in
accomplishment of self-recognition needs. Hence, his Push and Pull Motivation theory allows in
determination of factors that is related towards motivating individuals.
 Push Factors
 Pull Factors
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 Plog's Motivational Model:
According to this theory, the tourism behaviour could be appropriately classified into several categories
that are discussed below:
 Allocentric
 Psycho-centric
 Mid-centric
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 Goeldner and Ritchie Model:
As per this framework, there are several motivators for an individual towards tourism that are explored
below along with how they influence decision making process:
 Physical Motivators: These are the ones that are associated with health, such as health, sports, body
and mind. This influence the decision making of individual in a variety of manner.
 Interpersonal Motivators: These are the ones which are very much personal to the individual. As an
example, it includes the feeling and urge to meet new people, seek different experiences, visit
relatives or friends and so forth.
 Status and Prestige Motivators: This is the factor that is solely related to the ego enhancement or
attention from others.
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Tourism is the world's biggest industry but depends on the leisure and vacations. As in the world travel and
tourism is increasing approximately 10% of the total GDP and continuously grow at about 5% over the
foreseeable future. This industry at the global level is expected to grow in the upcoming years as it represents
both the opportunities and challenges at the specific period of time. Moreover, according to UNWTO, there are
5 main regions for tourism in the world, which are France, Spain, United States, China and Italy. Hence, it is
imperative to understand various current trends are identified in relation to the same, which refer to aspects and
factors that are in fashion or popularity. Therefore, certain trends and patterns in tourism are reflected below:
Recent and Emerging Patterns and Trends

B-leisure One of the most prominent contemporary trends within the tourism sector is B-Leisure, which
refers to an amalgamation of business with leisure activities. Individuals globally seek to undertake detours
and spend more time in international destinations where they have business work as part of their tourism
experience.
Travelling Technologies: Another trend in regards to this is the new technologies which are being prevalent
in tourism and allowing individuals all over the world to witness different destinations globally in a
progressive manner. For instance, with VR gadgets, individual do not even have to step outside their homes
and they could ensure real time travelling by connecting servers to the tourists which are physically present at
a location.
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By considering the Butler model of tourism
development which helps in providing great
opportunity in order to undertake the fieldwork. In
the particular tourism area, the data is collected and
locate the position as it depicts the each stage and
also consider the various types of data which is
collected. This model carry five stages which are
discussed as under:
Popularity of Global Destinations

 Discovery: It is a stage which is explored by the small number of people who tell their
experience to other in order to get develop. At most of the times, many people visit and local
people take the new economic opportunities and affect external environment which are provided
by the visitors in order to meet the needs of the visitors or tourists.
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 Growth and Development Stage: This stage is depends on the word of mouth and the articles
which are post for the travel and tourism industry in newspapers and magazines.
 Success Stage: This stage provide many facilitates and fully utilised as the mass tourism
replaces the original economic factors of the settlement.
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Problem and Stagnation Stage: As it is mentioned that popularity is short lived and affect the success
of industry.
Decline or Rejuvenation: After arising the problem, the tourism industry has two options either they
get decline or rejuvenate in order to achieve success by developing more sustainable strategies which is
based on lower visitor numbers.
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Hence, tourism behaviour is highly important to be understood so that their preference could be enhanced
and developed. Moreover, this could be achieved through appropriate motivation by application of
several models. Lastly, recent and emerging patterns and trends, along with examination of factors
affecting popularity of global destinations helps in gaining an insight on the aspects that affect the recent
environment of the current travel and tourism industry.
Conclusion

References
 Camilleri, M.A., 2018. Tourism Distribution Channels. In Travel Marketing, Tourism
Economics and the Airline Product (pp. 105-115). Springer, Cham.
 Norum, R. and Mostafanezhad, M., 2016. A chronopolitics of tourism. Geoforum. 77.
pp.157-160.

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