The Contemporary Travel and Tourism Industry

This document discusses the development and elements of the travel and tourism industry, including key milestones and factors affecting tourism behavior. It also explores the recent trends and patterns in the international travel and tourism industry.

The Contemporary Travel
and Tourism Industry
Contents

INTRODUCTION.......................................................................................................................................4
TASK 1.......................................................................................................................................................4
P1 Key milestones for development of travel and tourism industry and shaping.....................................4
P2 Different elements of travel and tourism industry and creating experience........................................5
TASK 2...................................................................................................................................................6
P3 Different factors affect tourism behaviour..........................................................................................6
P4 Models of motivation and how they influence the consumer decision-making process......................6
TASK 3.......................................................................................................................................................7
P5 Recent and emerging patterns and trends in the international travel and tourism industry.................7
P6 Factors affecting the popularity of a range of global destinations......................................................7
CONCLUSION...........................................................................................................................................8
REFERENCES............................................................................................................................................9

INTRODUCTION
Travel and tourism is very fast growing sector in country which assists in increasing
economic and gross domestic product of nation. These sectors have undertaken changes at large
scales which acknowledge economic impacts and development of tourism described in
appropriate manner. Here, will be discussing about development of travel and tourism and
elements combining to provide experience of tourism (Gladstone, 2013). There are various
factors which drive tourist behavior and models of motivation which influence consumer
decision making. Determining current pattern & key trends in travel and tourism and considering
factors affecting current levels of popularity of different global destinations.
TASK 1
P1 Key milestones for development of travel and tourism industry and shaping.
Key milestones for development of travel and tourism are as follow:
1936- First holiday camp was opened by Billy Butlin in Skegness.
1938- Introduction of Holiday with pay act.
1946- First holiday was opened by Fred Pontin near Weston Super Mare.
1950- Horizon organised first air holiday package.
1952- First passenger service from jet airline introduced.
1959- First passenger service to Australia from jet airline introduced.
1960- For first time number of domestic holidays exceeds 30 million and foreign holiday rise to
3.5 million.
1960’s- American airlines developed first global distribution systems.
1968- In order to create national parks countryside act passed.
1969- Introduced development of tourism act.
1976- Concorde goes for service
1981- At least on car was used by UK households which were 60 percent.
1983- 77 percent of British worker got 4/5 weeks holiday a year.
1987- For first time abroad holidays exceed to 20 million whereas domestic holidays fall 28.5
million which is lowest since 1955.

1989- Ownership of private car reached to 20 million.
1992- EU directive for package holiday and department of national heritage created which is
known as department of media, culture and sport (Han and Hyun, 2015).
1995- Eurostar and Le shuttle carry passengers through tunnel for first time.
1997- At least one car was used by 70 percent UK households.
1998- Abroad holiday exceeds 30 million and 1.4 million people purchased ticket on internet.
1999- English Tourism Council replaced as English Tourist Board.
2001- 71.6 million profit through 11.4 million people was reported by EasyJet a No-Frills airline.
2002- Out of ten, three packages holidaymakers have flown through a no-frills airline.
2003- British Tourist Authority and English Tourism Council merge and become Visit Britain.
Travel and tourism has shaped positively in terms of socio-economic circumstances,
product development and innovation, development in technology and changing consumer needs,
fashion and expectation (Jalilvand and et, al., 2012).
P2 Different elements of travel and tourism industry and creating experience
Travel and tourism is competitive and dynamic industry which requires ability for
adapting customers’ changing needs, want and desires. There are mainly two elements which
plays an important role in this sector namely direct and indirect element. Direct elements are
those areas of industry which come directly in contacts with tourists such as sales,
accommodations, transport, activities, attractions and ancillary services. Indirect elements are
also called support sectors which do not come in direct contact with tourists but without this
function cannot take place. It includes infrastructure, airports, roads, communications, sign,
building industry, public toilets, manufacturing, electricity, sewerage & waste disposal and water
supply (Long, 2013).
All these elements are interconnected for creating better experience to customers. Travel
agent provides information for destination as per their need and demand which help them for
choosing best place as per their target. Tour operators provide holiday package which comprise
of travel through rail, air or water, accommodation at hotels, resorts and service such as pick &
drop, sightseeing etc. Similarly, information and guiding provide services such as recreational,
banking, insurance, tour guides. Tourist attraction establishes location such as gallery, museum,
building, education centres. These all elements are interconnected for travel and tourism which
should be provided to tourist, customers and visitors for creating good experience. It also creates
goodwill and image of that operators and place. As people prefer to travel best place at budget
and experience good things. All such required elements should be provided for positive result.
Through elements services also customers are attracted and make plan for tour.

TASK 2
P3 Different factors affect tourism behaviour
There are different factors that affect tourism behaviour which are described below:
Geographical factors- Physical factors such as climatic conditions and geographical conditions,
advertising and marketing conducted through tourism business and amenities and facilities
available at destination which alters decision making of tourist (Minca and Oakes, 2012). For
example, if tourist prefer to visit cold place but during plan weather condition of that particular
place is not chilled then plan changes.
Social factors- Social factors include person’s social network which provide first
information which can alter individual’s decision for visiting or not visiting place.
Place of origin- It is tourist behaviour which depends upon place they belong to. For
example, people of North America like to follow own culture whereas Koreans and Japanese
travel in groups.
Tourism destination- It is very important factors which alter behaviour of tourism. If decided
destination posses all such facilities of electricity, clean surrounding, water, amenities, proper
accessibility then large number of tourist attracts (Page and Hall, 2014).
Education of tourist- Educated tourist has wide range of choices, knowledge of places,
prices. This greatly affect in decision making for tourism industry.
Religious importance- If any place has religious importance then people prefers to visit
that particular destination more. It influences their decision making for tour which is guided by
operators. Religious destination has significant role in attracting large number of visitors and
influencing their decision making.
Historical and culture importance- Any place which has good history and culture attract
tourist easily and influence decision making effectively. Culture of Japan is totally different from
China so Chinese people prefer to Japan and Japanese visit China.
Economy- There is many tourists who plan their trip according to their budget. As they
cannot prefer expensive places for tour. For example, Indian people prefer to visit Indonesia as it
very cheap place which is according to their budget.
P4 Models of motivation and how they influence the consumer decision-making process
Motivation refers to process that guides, initiates and also maintains the goal- oriented
behaviors. Through motivation desires and needs of an individual move it towards an action. In
context to travel and tourism sector, if company provides the better travelling facilities to tourists
in reasonable packages then it will be attracted towards them and they will be motivated for
travelling (Pearce and Packer, 2013). The decision making process depends upon the motivation

level of consumer. As this will provides an opportunity to be made successful decision in future
and attain desired level of satisfaction. There is huge support of motivational model to overcome
from the aspects which negatively impact their thought process and to think positively. There are
many perspectives in one model which guides a person that how to tackle and made decisions in
difficult situation with the help of previous learning. The model which is used here to ascertain
the consumer decision making here is named as Motivation process model. The application of
this model and understanding about the consumer behavior is clearly understood from the points
defined below:
Unfulfilled needs: This is the first situation which hinders the decision making process of
consumer and creates the tension in their mind which negatively impacts their thought process.
Drive: Creation of above situation help in generation of this stage which drive and force
consumer make use of their previous learning and knowledge to ascertain desired results and
made appropriate decisions. Need is the utmost requirement which motivates the person to find
out the best possible different alternatives which allows them to build their path by own and
made profitable decisions.
Decision making: This is the stage where knowledge and experience of previous learning is used
by consumer in effective implementation of their decision making alternative and to attain best
possible result which they want to derive. The impact of this will be overseen upon the
motivation level of consumer and feels enthusiastic. This will results in creation of tension free
situation where they enjoy each and every decision which are taken by them for any future
perspective
TASK 3
P5 Recent and emerging patterns and trends in the international travel and tourism industry
The travel and tourism industry provides the better destinations places and travelling
services to consumers at the reasonable packages. There are some recent trends and emerging
patterns in international tourism industry mention below:
Last minute booking- It is a common trends in international tourism. Generally, bookings
or reservations are made in at least 13 days in advance through mobile phones. The reservations
of visitors in last 1 to 3 hours or just are book in- destinations before their arrival.
Education and ecological tours- Under this, the ecological tours are more popular that
provided through the several travelling companies. This is rare experience that share and educate
the information on areas and give the knowledge to protect environment in future (Radojevic,
Stanisic and Stanic, 2015). The government provides the funds to the ecological projects for
restoration of animal or forest habitat etc.

Solo travel- This travel is more popular because of the people are seeking towards the
wellness experience and also chance for the immerse themselves in the local culture. In this
modern era, information about the travel is accessible in an easy manner and it is simple for the
people to take their own trip with on any hurdles. In addition to this, travel and tourism firms
also provide the tour offers for single traveler. It is hassle free as well as cheaper.
P6 Factors affecting the popularity of a range of global destinations
In this present time period, tourism is enhancing more popular (Sharpley and Telfer,
2015). The people travel from one country to another for travelling for the different purposes for
an instance business, gaining knowledge etc. There are some factors which impact on the
popularity of the global destinations mention below:
Overtourism- It is a main issue and under this many visitors’ overwhelm the destination
and also shifting the balance from positive experience where the tourism is unsustainable. In all
over the world there are some destinations which are impacted through over tourism such as
Santorinoi, Machu Picchu etc. These destinations are taking some actions to reduce the
overtourism. From this people are not enjoy their vacations and also destination places in a better
way (Standing, Tang-Taye and Boyer, 2014).
Cost- At the peak time, travel sector enhance the cost of bookings. Middle class people
are not able to afford the high cost travelling packages. Some of the destination places are more
costly. So, it is a main factor people cannot able to travel the expensive destinations.
Choice of customer- The choice of consumers also influencing on the tourism
destination. Needs of all the visitors are different from each other. If the tourism destination is
culture and historical the visitors will like to see castles, sculptures, antic painting etc.
For an example- Famous cultural and historical destination places are Began City,
Pyramids of Gaza etc.
Safety- For tourists, safety is a main concern and it is more necessary when travelling in
other countries and developing countries. In some countries where the tourist destinations are
famous, political unrest causes issues. Under this, due to the outbreaks, sometimes
communicable diseases can hinder the tourism or famous destinations.
CONCLUSION
It has been concluded from above mention report that travel and tourism is fast growing
industry and it provides the benefits to an economy making of the country. In this given report
studied about the motivational model that helps in decision consumers. There has been
discussion about the various factors that impact on behavior of the tourism.

REFERENCES
Books & Journals
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Chen, H.J., Chen, P.J. and Okumus, F., 2013. The relationship between travel constraints and
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Tourism Research. 39(4). pp.2177-2202.
Connell, J., 2013. Contemporary medical tourism: Conceptualisation, culture and
commodification. Tourism Management, 34, pp.1-13.
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practice and scope in the travel domain. Current Issues in Tourism. 17(1). pp.84-101.
Gladstone, D.L., 2013. From pilgrimage to package tour: Travel and tourism in the third world.
Routledge.
Han, H. and Hyun, S.S., 2015. Customer retention in the medical tourism industry: Impact of
quality, satisfaction, trust, and price reasonableness. Tourism Management. 46. pp.20-29.
Jalilvand, M.R. and et, al., 2012. Examining the structural relationships of electronic word of
mouth, destination image, tourist attitude toward destination and travel intention: An integrated
approach. Journal of Destination Marketing & Management. 1(1-2). pp.134-143.
Long, L.M., 2013. Culinary tourism. In Encyclopedia of food and agricultural ethics (pp. 1-8).
Springer Netherlands.
Minca, C. and Oakes, T. eds., 2012. Real tourism: practice, care, and politics in contemporary
travel culture (Vol. 26). Routledge.
Page, S.J. and Hall, C.M., 2014. The geography of tourism and recreation: Environment, place
and space. Routledge.
Pearce, P.L. and Packer, J., 2013. Minds on the move: New links from psychology to tourism.
Annals of Tourism Research. 40. pp.386-411.
Radojevic, T., Stanisic, N. and Stanic, N., 2015. Ensuring positive feedback: Factors that
influence customer satisfaction in the contemporary hospitality industry. Tourism Management.
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Sharpley, R. and Telfer, D.J., 2015. Tourism and development in the developing world.
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Standing, C., Tang-Taye, J.P. and Boyer, M., 2014. The impact of the Internet in travel and
tourism: A research review 2001–2010. Journal of Travel & Tourism Marketing. 31(1). pp.82-
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