Analyzing Factors Affecting Tourism and Travel Behavior

The provided assignment delves into the complexities of tourism and travel behavior, examining how different factors such as cultural and personality traits, intelligence levels, and technological influences shape individual experiences within this domain. It draws upon a range of scholarly sources to build a comprehensive understanding of these dynamics.

THE CONTEMPORARY
TRAVEL AND TOURISM
INDUSTRY

Table of Contents
INTRODUCTION...........................................................................................................................1
LO1..................................................................................................................................................1
LO2..................................................................................................................................................5
LO3..................................................................................................................................................9
LO4................................................................................................................................................10
CONCLUSION..............................................................................................................................11
REFERENCES..............................................................................................................................12
.......................................................................................................................................................15

INTRODUCTION
United Nations world trade organization (UNWTO) is considered as the special
organization liable for the promotion of responsible, sustainable and universally reachable
tourism. Further, it's miles the main worldwide corporation within the field of tourism, which
promotes tourism as a driving force of economic increase, inclusive expansion and
environmental sustainability and gives management and support to the world in advancing
expertise and tourism policies worldwide (Boniface, Cooper, and Cooper 2016). Thus this report
highlights the key milestones in the development of travel and tourism industry. Further, the
project will outline the different components of travel industry and how they interrelate to each
other.
On the other hand, the assignment frames the factors that affects the tourists behavior of
Malaysia and along with that it also comment on how the Maslow motivation theory influences
consumer decision making process (Xiang, Magnini, and Fesenmaier.2015). Moreover, the
assignment also frames about the recent trends in UNWTO and also the factors that affects the
global destination.
LO1
The ancient development in travel and tourism industry has been analyzed with proficient
method. However, the records of travel and tourism have been diagnosed through the
justification of the historic improvement in the travel and tourism quarter and the shape of this
industry.
Moreover, in historical time the human beings used to spent their summer season by means of
making tour in special coastal regions. Further, during the middle phase the excursion to the
pilgrimage had got here into existence which had made the tourism business’s presence a few of
the visitors.
The history of tour & tourism industry is categorized into three distinct time bands which are as
follows:
Earlier than 1945
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:In ancient times and approximately until the cease of the 16th century humans were residing in
agricultural communities was stationary, seldom shifting from the local location and rural
network.
However, regardless of the beginning of the economic revolution, which become creating a
gradual start in the 18th century in city and manufacturing facility development, a richer elite
people enjoyed vacation time and journey.
Further, earlier to the Nineteen Fifties, tourism became an industry which changed into
inconsistent; accommodations, delivery operators, tour worker, tour agents, all tended to work
one by one .Moreover, railways and airways had been within the business to promote places,
travel agents, and promoting journey and holidays however in every case they tended to work
very much independently.
1945-1979
:From the mid-Fifties onward, especially within the United Kingdom, the development of
excursion operators started out converting the person of the enterprise from person business
activities to extra included activities (Cohen and Cohen, 1980). Moreover, hotels were beginning
to see clients as looking a range of services as opposed to definitely shopping for lodging.
Further, transport operators, mainly in the airline commercial enterprise, noticed the sale
of delivery services as being vital to a far wider need. Thus, airlines supplied coverage and
lodging booking for tourists. However, from 1950 onwards a aggregate of factors, which include
increase in loose time availability, boom in paid holidays, development of package excursions,
and boom in holidays, all blended to provide a much broader viable vacation-taking marketplace
(Xu, Lu and Yao, 1981).
Thus, this marketplace was one of a kind concerning socioeconomic corporations from the
pre1950 era.
1980 To Present Day
:Through the 80’s numerous airlines had been imparting complete journey services including
arrangements for holidays, medical offerings, hiring car, and many others.
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Moreover, by 1990 the formation of the tourism enterprise, specifically in the United
Kingdom and Europe, turned into effected by the improvement of some of very large
organizations.
Further, air tour progressed even extra hastily. On the other hand, this is most effective
piece of the tale, as nonscheduled visitors multiplied significantly as properly. However, making
up an envision of around 18% of general motion by using the 1980 and 50 % or greater on
European routes, wherein the charter site visitors took over the greater a part of the vacation
motion, as tour operators developed their own services.
However, the tourism industry is probably to make essential assist to global monetary
development inside the twenty first century.
Further, the cultural change and know-how that is introduced approximately via tourism
milestones is causing a more peaceful and internationalized widespread society. except
contributing to the growth and protection of neighborhood economies and groups, tourism
history plays an crucial role in improving and enhancing the position of the tourism enterprise
aimed at fostering the following era of those ready who are going to introduce tourism business.
The elements of UNWTO is made up of different additives which work together to offer
vacations and different journey ideas to customers. Thus, the components of UNWTO are
classified in six domains:
Travel Agent: An agent UNWTO provides statistics to the human beings on numerous
tour locations, advises them of available excursion applications to suit their tastes and finances
and describe their tour plan (Wu and et.al., 2016).
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Further, the travel agent generally sell the travel related products like foreign exchange,
automobile rentals, coverage and so on.
Tour Operators: tour operators of UNWTO offer vacation programs which contain of :
travel like with the aid of rail, roadways or air, lodging like resorts, inns, residences, guesthouses
and tour offerings like airport pick and drop, seeing the sights, excursions and so on.
Further, the excursion operators can be the wholesale operators who function tours only via retail
tour corporations or they will be direct promote operators who market their product immediately
to the general public.
Lodging (accommodations and Catering):
This additives of UNWTO includes people who provide lodging to the individuals within the
form of hotels, flats, camps, guest houses etc. The accommodation may be advertised personally
or through the tour operators inside the appearance of package. Direct advertising and marketing
may additionally require huge charges on commercial and promoting through an excursion
operator guarantees the occupancy fee in the course of a vacation season (Filimonau and
Högström, 2017).
Further, these service providers additionally take care of the catering wishes of the people by
presenting them big cafeterias, diverse food retailers in house.
Various sorts of transport: In UNWTO, transport providers are those running any
transport service, which could be airlines, cruise lines, vehicle rentals, and rail organizations.
Moreover, a visitor’s preference of transport would rely on the journey finances, destination,
time, purpose of the excursion, and comfort to the point of location.
Data & Guiding: The traveler records and guidelines of UNWTO encompass some of
service providers consisting of those offering insurance, frivolous, conversation, and banking
services; government agency; tour agents; industry associations; packaging marketers; ticketing
agents; and vacation sellers.
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Traveler Points Of Interest: In UNWTO, the perception of attraction is to establish the
want for the attraction in a particular region to ask extra footfall, it may be a massive park, a
museum, a gallery, a history constructing, an academic center and so forth.
Thus, these are the essential elements of travel and tourism industry and it is very
important that these all factors must be work in collaboration. For example, if tour operators does
not work than who will encourage travelers from various offers. In addition to this, source of
transport is very important for smooth flow so that travelers can travel.
LO2
Patron behavior is a noticeably vital problem for all advertising and marketing companies which
have the reason to promote and sell tourism merchandise.
The tourism consumer behavior of Malaysia can be described as the group of its acts, attitudes
and decisions concerning selecting, buying and ingesting tourism merchandise and services, and
additionally its after consumption responses (Moutinho and Vargas-Sanchez, 2018).
Further, the invention of the patron’s wishes and decision tactics is very essential for the
advertising interest because it lets in the advertising manager to improve his own choice-making
procedure, to forecast future behavior and to have a actual and objective view of the consumer
demand.
However, client behavior is vital for developing new tourism products and services because it
offers a clearer view of what patrons are expecting and the travel manager can mirror them
within the improvement system.
Thus, client conduct is one of the maximum researched regions in Malaysia.
Moreover, there are various components that drives the behavior of consumers towards
the Malaysia:
Geographical factors − A few physical factors like geographical and climatic
conditions, centers and services available at Malaysia, advertising and marketing performed by
using tourism enterprise of Malaysia alter the decision making of its tourists.
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Social elements − some social factors of Malaysia includes someone’s social community,
which provide first had facts that could modify clients selection of journeying or no longer
traveling a particular region in Malaysia.
Place of origin : There may be a large spectrum of tourist behavior depending upon the
vicinity they belong to. For eg: North people in Malaysia like to follow their own cultural
framework where as eastern and Korean travelers like to go to locations in businesses.
Tourism vacation spot − it's far a main contributing element altering tourist behavior. If
the Malaysia has all basic provisions consisting of electricity, water, smooth environment, right
accessibility, amenities, and has its own importance, it in large part attracts tourists (Le-Klähn
and et.al., 2015).
Qualification of tourist − The more educated the vacationer is, the wider range of picks,
curiosity, and the expertise of places within Malaysia he might have. This will drives the choice
making of travelers in relation to deciding on a vacation to Malaysia.
Moreover, Malaysia’s Tourists behavior is analyzed on the basis of Plog’s Model.
Therefore, Plog classifies tourists of Malaysia into three classes as described beneath :
Allocentric (The Wanderers) − A traveller who seeks new studies and journey in a
extensive range of sports. This individual is outgoing and self-assured in behavior. Further,an
allocentric person prefers to fly and to discover new and uncommon regions of malaysia before
other travel visits those places.
Psychocentric (The Repeater) − A visitor falling on this category is typically non-
adventuresome. Thus, they opt to return to familiar travel locations in Malaysia wherein they
could relax and realize what sorts of food and activity to count on. Such vacationers opt visit to
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locations, live in standard lodges, and devour at own family-type restros (Ramseook-Munhurrun,
Seebaluck and Naidoo, 2015).
Midcentric (mixture) − This class of tourists covers those who switch between the above
stated two sorts.
Maslow Model Of Motivation
According to Maslow people has a precise wishes and they are inspired with the aid of their
choice to fulfill those needs.
Thus, Maslow hierarchy concept assist us to apprehend the distinct needs that inspire vacationers
and in other hand it will likely be enhancing service companies understanding about what forms
of experiences travelers look for, particularly for some of human beings (Bellotti and et.al.,
2015).
The determinants of travel selection-making and the influential elements can be will be
examined with this model. Thus, Maslow’s 5 hierarchy need concept has been extensively
typical and used to give an explanation for travelers behavior.
Physiological desires: – on this degree of hierarchy human beings should be happy with
their physiological want which entails simple survival desires inclusive of the wishes of air,
water, meals and safe haven which they experience at UNWTO.
Safety needs: – this stage is the second stage of maslow’s hierarchy of wishes which
issues people’s need to be relaxed and secure of their environment of UNWTO which includes
the need for safety psychological and bodily damage.
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Belongingness and love need: – These needs consist of handling and attractiveness
through different humans, giving and getting love and friendship from the of UNWTO.
Esteem desires: – Consistent with Maslow theses desires can be categorized in to two
subsidiary category: First, the choice for achievement, sufficiency, energy, capability and
freedom to explore new places at UNWTO and second we've got what we may additionally call
the desire for popularity or status, recognition importance and dignity.
Self actualization wishes: – traveler want for self- actualization represents their
preference to fulfill their ability, maximizing the usage of their skills to explore the
Malaysia .Maslow proposed that even supposing all of the previous want are fulfilled traveler
may often assume that a new dissatisfaction and agitation will quickly expand which eventually
influences the decision making process of the travelers (Bellotti and et.al., 2015).
Thus, a lot of these desires affect the destination of selected by travelers. However, the tourists
might give up all lower wishes to fulfill self actualization need to get basic facilities at UNWTO.
Existence Need
Include all material and physiological desires (e.g., food, water, air, clothing, safety, physical
love and affection). Maslow's first two levels.
Relatedness Needs
Encompass social and external esteem; relationships with significant others like family,
friends, co-workers and employers. This also means to be recognized and feel secure as part of a
group or family. Maslow's third and fourth levels.
Growth Needs
Internal esteem and self actualization; these impel a person to make creative or
productive effects on himself and the environment (e.g., to progress toward one's ideal self).
Maslow's fourth and fifth levels. This includes desires to be creative and productive, and to
complete meaningful tasks.
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LO3
A desire to discover for growing to drive human beings to travel today. Moreover, the
journey has been outlined to promote travel and tourism in several countries around the world
and one of the most important provider area for the different countries (Fang,Ye, and Law.2016).
Moreover, in tourism sector the crediting with producing high-quality trade stability for countries
financial system. Thus, in every important employer, developing workers in any respect tiers and
areas of knowledge.
However, in step with the (TIA), tourism money owed for £740 billion in direct tour fees
via each domestic and international vacationers. Moreover, via the year 2020, tourism can be the
sector's largest industry. Further, this sector is the 3rd largest enterprise operating worldwide and
thus they are at the back of automotive sellers and food shops (Mahrous, and Hassan.2017).
However, there is an estimation regarding travel and Tourism Council during 2007, the
tourism sector has been made responsible for around 10% of total GDP and used more than 230
million human beings. Moreover, enterprises are expected to make £5 trillion in the global
economic interest, along with including $seven hundred billion at world wide. Moreover,
internationally, the tourism sector is anticipated for developing at 5% fee at year basis on
predictable forthcoming years.
Last minute bookings: In recent 2018 Tourism Survey, it was evaluated that 39% of
individuals decided on that last minute bookings have been a growing trend for tourism business.
Moreover, TrekkSoft reserving records indicates that reservations for tours and sports which
ultimate to few hours tend to be booked in-vacation spot or simply earlier than arrival.
Thus , this trend will makes it difficult for excursion and activity operators to plot sources
and staffing in advance, and for maximum fulfillment might be dependant at the climate. Further,
strong advertising, local partnerships and live availability might be key gear to balance this
(Han,and Hyun.2015).
New Experiences: Today, excursion operators are actually receiving requests for specific
experiences from clients who desires to explore new places that could be done once-in-a-
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lifetime. Thus, that is turning into ongoing trend among Millennial who want to discover the
world and share their experiences with others.
Local Experiences: Today, travelers are selecting to come to be extra engrossed within
the local culture of life when travelling to different countries i.e. they need to do what the locals
do and devour wherein locals consume (Hall.2015).
LO4
There are numerous factors that have an effect on the strolling of the global destinations
where some show instantaneous effect at the same time as; there also are elements which affect
for long period.
Environment at destination place: Tourism is in its first-class shape whilst the destinations boast
of favorable climate in London Eye. In comparison, any undesired modifications in the
surroundings together with excessive winds, flash floods, famine, and severe climate can have an
effect on tourism adversely. For instance, all through harsh summer months, traveler prefer to
tour to colder weather regions (Li and et.al., 2017).
Economic system of Countries: when a rustic is facing economic instability and whilst
humans are going through unemployment problems, tourism is affected adversely. On the
opposite, when a rustic’s financial system is doing well and the humans can have the funds for to
spend money on enjoyment, London Eye became successful.
Historical or Cultural significance of destination: This area affects the tourism sector to a
great extent. If the vacation spot is of brilliant historical or cultural worth then tourists will
virtually like to go to the area for seeing tombstones, forts, historical structure, statuettes,
caverns, antique paintings, attires and different allied historical past in London Eye..
Research importance of Destinations: The tourists who visit places to study and explore
about historic places like London Eye. Thus, these research studies affect global destinations.
Further, Archeologist, Geologists, etc. studying Arts and Cultures are seeking for places required
to conduct research
Religious importance: The religious places usually affects tourists at destination places
like London Eye. Further, these locations, tourism is at its peak at precise time intervals in a
year. Alongside, the visitors go to religious places on regular basis to search inner peace and
bring blessings to the divine idols they worship.
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Internet: it has entered the human lives at all the aspects of the worldly affairs. Thus,
tourists are taking part in the benefits of internet. At the same time as making plans an excursion,
the vacationers try to get the idea about the locations they're going to visit, the great of facilities
and services, and the attractions on the vacation spot and after touring a vacation spot, the
experienced vacationers share their critiques on various platforms of the net (Tourism Management -
Factors Affecting. 2019).
Thus, as a consequence, the opinions of skilled tourists shared on the various social
media platform work as recommendations for the following vacationers. Subsequently, the net
can enhance as well as deliver down the tourism commercial enterprise of global destinations.
CONCLUSION
This report briefly summarizes about the key milestones of UNWTO and the different
components of the travel industry. Further, the project have outlined about factors that drives the
consumer behaviour in Malaysia. On the other hand, the assignment have also commented on the
motivation model of Maslow that influences consumer behaviour. Moreover, the project have
framed about the emerging trends and changes of the travel industry and eventually the project
have highlighted about the factors that affect global destinations. Furthermore, it has been
summarized that self- actualization represents their preference to fulfill their ability, maximizing
the usage of their skills to fulfilled traveller may often assume that a new dissatisfaction and
agitation will quickly expand which eventually influences the decision making process of the
travellers
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