This document discusses the key milestones and shaping of the development of the travel and tourism industry, different elements of the industry and their interrelation with the tourism experience, factors affecting tourism behavior, and key trends in travel and tourism.
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THE CONTEMPORARY TRAVEL AND TOURISM INDUSTRY
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Table of Contents INTRODUCTION...........................................................................................................................3 MAIN BODY...................................................................................................................................3 1. Key milestones and shaping of the development of travel and tourism industry...................3 2. Different elements of travel and tourism industry and interrelation with the tourism experience....................................................................................................................................4 3. Factors affecting tourism behaviour........................................................................................5 4. Model of motivation and how it influences consumer decision-making.................................7 5. Key trends in travel and tourism.............................................................................................8 6. Factors affecting range of global destinations.........................................................................9 CONCLUSION..............................................................................................................................10 REFERENCES..............................................................................................................................11
INTRODUCTION Travel and tourism industry is concerned with the people travelling for business or for their purposes of pleasure. It can also be stated as travelling to another environment for a certain period which can be related with the individual purpose of spending leisure time or can be with the purpose of travelling for business. Travelodge is the leadingaccommodation service provider which is being based out of UK which provides high quality of services in all its segments concerned with satisfying its customers. Present report will address to development of tourism and travel industry, explain the factors which helps in driving the behaviour of tourists and key current patterns and trends in tourism and travel industry which will account to international travel and tourism and will lastly investigate various factors affectingthe current level of popularity of different destinationall across the world which helps in building brand image. MAIN BODY 1.Key milestones and shaping of the development of travel and tourism industry Tourism is defined as the leisure time which is spend with the people for the purpose of recreation, relaxation and using the services which are commercial in the travel list (De Lucia, Pazienza, Balena, and et.al., 2020). Travel has evolved from the experience of people who have roamed about in different cities, states or countries (Diakonidze, 2019).Historically, the travel and tourism purpose was for the royal and upper class people. Cox and Kings was the first known travel agency founded in 1758. In 1841 Thomas cook opened the first travel agency. The rail travelling became popular in that era and was considered as the most leisure and easy travel and transport facility to the travellers. The air flights became the first commercial travel way for the modern tourism industry. There came a period in the tourism development that augmented the competition among other travel industries which came by the time in that period until now. Mass tourism, new destinations and different modes of travelling were introduced to expand the industry and provide people the comfort factor according to their needs and wants. But this came with no smoothness as there were terrorist attacks, world wars etc. which took place at different period of times and were uncertain. This wasn't enough in the development of travel and tourism industry
rather it faced massive technological shift which diverted the vision from offline bookings and services to internet or online bookings and services which were rendered by different agencies in account for the travel purpose. Tourism has been a major growth industry with different trends that shape the travel and tourism industry as follows - Bleisure Travel âBleisure travel is growing has been growing since when the travel and tourism industry has set up (Hall, 2019).This trend sets up the stage for people travelling for work or business.Digital Nomad is the recent trend which has been adopted by the freelancers and online workers in which they travel along with working. Automation âDigitization has increased the purpose and efficiency in the travel and tourism prospect which has made advertising cheaper for the travel companies. This latest trend has made customers enjoy the convenience it offers. Mobile Bookings âThis trend has provided more efficiency and effectiveness in the growth of the travel and tourism industry as mobile services help in the booking process of travelling through aeroplane, buses, etc. and helps in increasing the business of online services which are provided by the agencies. Solo Travel âSolo travelling is the most self â rewarding experience that one experiences with freedom and confidence. This trend has led to many individuals who search their existence for their soul purpose and some travel alone because of the business or the work they are involved in. Sustainable Tourism âCarbon offsetting is becoming a considerable factor since each traveller is more concerned about the weather and climatic conditions in the travel and tourism view. This helps in the growth factor by analysing the environmental and other practical conditions in the travel facet. 2. Different elements of travel and tourism industry and interrelation with the tourism experience Different elements of travel and tourist industry are as follows - Travel Agent and their Services âTravel agency, tour operator and guide services are the intermediaries that constitute the services which are rendered in the travel process (Lee and Han, 2020).Travel agent is the intermediary between the travellers and the supply of the services i.e. airlines, transport companies, hotels etc. The travel agent provides information to the people on
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various destinations and outlines the cost structure according to the travellers plan. These factors help analyse the tourist what necessary practical information is to be carry forwarded throughout the travel. Tours and Tour Operator'sServices âTour operators plan, organize and sell tours. All the necessaryarrangementsforthetravellersarearrangedliketransport,accommodation, sightseeing and other services are bind in the packages at different prices. The tour facilities are planned for leisure purpose of the tourist so that they decide the destination, pricing factor and other services on their own and book accordingly. All the factors such as location, travel by, accommodation are analysed by the tourists to ponder upon. Lodging and Catering Services âAccommodation is main factor of the whole travel process as the tourist not only travels but stays at a place which has been booked to live in. Accommodation can be of different types like cottages, houseboat or five â star hotel. Tourists are also more concerned about the catering services which includes the food and eatable items. Either eating in a restaurant of the hotel, or a fast - food joint or somewhere else, a tourist measuresall such dimensions of where and what to eat by analysing the cost structure. Transport Services âThe transport services consist of the ways the tourist will reach the destination booked. It consists of the transport services which are by road, rail, air and water. The transport depends on the travel budget, how far or close the destination is, time etc. Car, coach and taxi's on rent are made available to the tourists for sight â seeing and local movement. Information and Guide Services âGuide provides all the information and knowledge wherever the tourist wander about. The information provided to the tourist helps to understand the history and culture of the place explained by the guide in their language from where the tourist resides. Tourist Attractions âThis factor consist of all the tourist destinations that have been famous along the years of their existence. The richness and variety of destinations offer the tourist more options to travel and analyse different aspects of the travel purpose on the destination chosen. Tourists are attracted to the unique yet beautiful places along with other facilities provided in sufficient budget. 3. Factors affecting tourism behaviour There are five major factors which affect the growth of the travel and tourism industry -
Socio â economic Factors âThe socio-economic factors include accessibility which affects the tourism behaviour as the tourist destinations demand is that the place to be visited must be easily accessible by different modes of transport which include roads, railways, air and water (Liang, Schuckert, Law and et.al., 2017).All these transport facilities are considered when the tourist travel to different locations. The travelodge agency takes in account of these factors as most important and prior. Accommodation is the second aspect which reflects the catering and accommodation facilities. It depends on the tourists lifestyles, their pay pattern, services expected by the hotels etc. Amenities is the third wheel of this factor in which the hotel provide all the facilities to attract customers and enables activities like skiing, roping, paragliding, surfing etc. Other services include banking and finance, internet connectivity, hospital services etc. Historical and Cultural Factors âMany tourist are attracted to historical place which hold significance as they are keen in acknowledging the information the place holds. Their interest areas include monuments, forts, castles, palaces etc. which provides them with increase in the areas where they find all such information related to culture or history fascinating. Famous historical places attract more people in the travel and tourism industry as this also keeps alive the history of those old places and facilitate more travellers by visiting. Environmental Factors âTwo main environmental factors in the growth of tourism factor is good climate which is the most attractive reason for the tourist to visit a place. People who come from colder regions are attracted to the destinations which provide ample of sunlight and warmer weather. This opposite happens to the people who come from warmer regions visit to the colder destinations. Environmental factor also includes beautiful scenery which affects the tourism behaviour as tourist prefer to visit unique and beautiful places which has enchanting scenario and sceneries such as beaches, sunset points, waterfalls etc. Religious Factors âMany people visit pilgrims and temples to seek blessings and inner peace. This encourages them to have faith, belief and that emotional connect with the place they worship (Sobbo, 2020).These holy places have also created great boom in the tourism industry as more people are devoted towards their God whom they believe in. Other Factors âThere are other factors which contribute with the growth of the travelodge industry.Researchactivitiesandadventuresofdeepseasandcaves,geologicalstudies, paranormal studies etc. which attract tourist and increases the attractiveness of those places more
than they fall under the tourist category. This has also made the places for tourist more in terms of being mischievous and people usually search for such destinations or places. 4. Model of motivation and how it influences consumer decision-making Motivation is the process that guides, initiates and helps in maintaining goal oriented behaviours, it is what causes consumers to act which involves the biological, social, economical and cognitive forces that helps in activating the behaviour of consumer towards experiencing the servicesof the company. There are various models of motivation which influences consumer decision-making process such as - Maslow hierarchy of needs âit states that there are different hierarchies of needs which needs to be full- filled in order to derive motivation to individual which are stated as below Physiological needs- it this level of hierarchy consumers must be satisfied with there various physiological and basic needs which involves getting good quality of air, water, food, beds at the destination where people or consumers can't be satisfied for higher order needs if these needs are not being satisfied. Safety needs- this level of needs is concerned with security and safety of consumers where they are being provided with the accommodation which accounts to having services which are not exposed to hazardous situation and accidents and which are being safe in nature as a result accounts to satisfy the safety needs of its consumers and helps in influencing decision-making for its target customers. Belongingness and social needs- this needs of the customers accounts with giving and receiving affection and friendship. It accounts with building fruitful relationship with various parties to business operation. It accounts with greeting well to the consumers which also accounts to solve various problems and queries of its customers which helps in fulfilment of various social and belongingness needs which helps in building positive brand image (Sofronov, 2018). Esteem needs-this is needs which accounts consumers desire for achievement, adequacy, competence, strength and freedom and it also accounts with needs of the customers which accounts with its reputation, status symbol, prestige, recognition and by which it accounts to serves for the dignity of consumers. Self actualization needs-these needs are being concerned with individual desire to getting fulfil there potential by getting the maximum use of their capabilities and skills.
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Equity theory- This theory deals with comparison of inputs with that of its output whereinputsare being defined asthose things that a individual or consumers does in order to receive theoutput which can also be stated as the contribution being made by the customers in order to receive some sort of benefits which helps in deriving there motivation which serves as the means of influencing there decision to actually account to experience the services of company or not. This could be understood as inputs which are being in terms of money which is being invested by the consumers in regards with the outputs that are being in relation with the quality of services being received such as food, accommodation, hygiene, ambience and various others (Tan, 2017). 5. Key trends in travel and tourism There are various current and emerging patterns and trends in international tourism and travel industry which has shaped the way how the companies in the industry has grown and how they cater with the needs of its target customers. It includes trends such as Accounting ofartificial intelligencewhere machine has taken over the humans and which also accounts to voice search and voice controlswhich helps in getting valuable insights of the customers against there needs and wants and helps in satisfying the same in the manner which helps in deriving customer happiness and helps the business with high rate of productivity which helps in fostering growth for the company It accounts with adopting with theonline means of paymentwhich helps in bringing transparency to business by reducing various human efforts inconcern with various cash management which has helped business to redefine the business process and helps in achieving the goals of the business more precisely. The major trend that is prevailing in this industry isvirtual realitywhich is disrupting the industry and technology which helps in getting competitive edge over the competition whereby through these customers can experience virtually interiors of hotel, restaurants interiors and various other by just sitting form their own homes which helps in making decision-making process in customer journey (Pencarelli,2020). The trends in the industry accounts withwearable deviceswhich are being used in wide variety of ways which helps and allows company to offers a more streamlined and personalized services which helps the company in a manner to avoid wastage of time and queuing.
Itaccountswithmajortrendthatisinternetofthings(IOT)whichisgrowing prominently in this industry which is essential particularly in rooms where there is being now the option to control al sorts of things through an app. These helps in enabling passengers to change the temperature and connect to their devices very easily The trends in hotel and tourism industry accounts with thevoice activated devicesthat has made into many hotel rooms which is also taking off many off the sectors where more and more customers are accounting to make google searches via voices and using voice to text apps for there work (Sharma, Nicolau, 2020). It also accounts with trend of usinglocation based datathat allows the company and various destination marketers with the ability to gain better and fruitful insights on how many are using the space which helps in events to complement sales of ticket for number of people in attendance or which can simply be in large areas of public where the data on certain activities of its visitors are being useful. 6. Factors affecting range of global destinations There are being various factors which affects the popularity of range of global destination which are being mentioned as below Recommendation from friends, families and relativeswhere it should not come up with the surprise that power of reviews is being highly important for most of the tourist. While reviewsites helps in getting popularity, the trust the worthiest reviews often lies with that of getting the same with families and friends. It means offering each customer a service that makes them to write the review that is being favourable and which helps in sharing trips around the location and allows sharing there experience (Mahrous, Hassan, 2017). Comprehensive information which is being available online,it outlines providing with the sufficient information to the target audience which helps in assessment of various things and accounts to facilitate effective decision-making and helps in getting to know the comparison with that of its rivalries and how it is being better than that of the same in all areas. It accounts with the company having its proper online presence all across various channels, by which its target customers get the relevant and required information about the company and helps in facilitating decision-making process of the company.
Availability of various special offerswhich serves as the means of attracting the huge amount of customer base which helps in boosting up sales and high rate of profitability which serves as the means of getting positive word of mouth and as a result helps the company to account with the fostering growth and getting an edge over its competitors and winning in marketplace and helps in generating positive and favourable word of mouth (Hong, 2018). Closeness of the destinationwhere interestingly many tourist don't like to travelvery long distances and the various geography of location plays a very important role. Tourist like to explore and have destination that accounts with easy accessibility and which does not account for huge days to travel whereby company needs to focus on customers that belong to a particular region where the marketing efforts of the company should be focused around audiences or target customers that are geographically close and very much easy to reach. Understanding various travel routes is highly important and the company should account with various transport projects that helps the same in boosting the sector for local tourism. High end infrastructure which serves as the meansof attractinglarge number of audiences which also accounts with providing ambience which serves as the means of catering needs and wants of target customers and by which they derive high level of satisfaction which helps in building positive brand image that accounts with growth of the company. CONCLUSION It is concluded from the above report that the travel and tourism industry has been expanding its area to different destinations by developing and shaping the key milestones of the tourism industry. Different elements of the tourism industry also contributed to the growth of the industry which were explained under different services which were rendered by the agency. And not only this, their were various factors which affected the tourism behaviour of the industry. Different models were put up to show that how tourism industry influence the consumer's decision - making process along with identifying recent trends and patterns used in the international travel and tourism industry. And the factors affecting the popularity of a range of global destinations also helps in analysing the travel and tourism industry more effectively and efficiently. This analysis and diversified information helps to know the travel and tourism sector more closely with other industries.
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REFERENCES Books and journals De Lucia, C., Pazienza, P., Balena, P. and et.al., 2020. Exploring local knowledge and socioâ economic factors for touristic attractiveness and sustainability.International Journal of Tourism Research.22(1). pp.81-99. Diakonidze, M., 2019. Development of tourism services and employment perspectives: a case study. Hall, C.M., 2019. Tourism and rewilding: an introductionâdefinition, issues and review. Lee, T.J. and Han, J.S., 2020. The contribution of the travel elements of health tourists to the domestic tourism industry.Tourism Analysis.25(2-3).pp.2-3. Liang, S., Schuckert, M., Law, R. and Masiero, L., 2017. The relevance of mobile tourism and information technology: an analysis of recent trends and future research directions. Journal of Travel & Tourism Marketing.34(6).pp.732-748. Sobbo,K.,2020.Factorsaffectingconsumerbehaviourintourismindustry(Doctoral dissertation, Mzumbe University). Hong, J., 2018. Rise of the sharing economy and the future of travel and tourism industry. Journal of Hotel & Business Management.7(2). pp.5-11. Mahrous, A.A. and Hassan, S.S., 2017. Achieving superior customer experience: An investigation of multichannel choices in the travel and tourism industry of an emerging market.Journal of Travel Research.56(8). pp.1049-1064. Pencarelli, T., 2020. The digital revolution in the travel and tourism industry.Information Technology & Tourism.22(3). pp.455-476. Sharma, A. and Nicolau, J.L., 2020. An open market valuation of the effects of COVID-19 on the travel and tourism industry.Annals of tourism research. Sofronov, B., 2018. The Development of the Travel and Tourism Industry in the World.Annals of Spiru Haret University. Economic Series.18(4). pp.123-137. Tan, S.H.,and et.al., 2017. The impact of the dimensions of environmental performance on firm performance in travel and tourism industry.Journal of environmental management.203. pp.603-611.