Annotated Bibliography - The Cure Violence Model

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ANNOTATED BIBLIOGRAPHY
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Butts, J. A., Roman, C. G., Bostwick, L., & Porter, J. R. (2015). Cure violence: a public
health model to reduce gun violence. Annual Review of Public Health, 36, 39-53.
Recent studies and evidences suggest that achieving valid and permanent progress in the
combat against gun violence entail changes in the field of social norm and attitude perpetuate
violence and gun usage. Thus, in response to the aim of reducing gun violence, the Cure
Violence Model, a public health approach came into force. This model primarily aims to reduce
gun violence by changing both individual as well as community norms and attitudes regarding
gun violence. On the same grounds, the article by Butts et al. (2015) gives an overview of the
theoretical basis for this program, review the program evaluations that already exist and
categorize several challenge faced by the evaluators and also provides implications for future
study. The main focus of this article is on a particular strategy for violence reduction, inspired by
public health approach. Cure Violence that has been developed with the aim to bring individual
and community level changes in community where young people are often seen to carry guns
and for some, to use gun in the form of conflict with others.
Swanson, J. W., McGinty, E. E., Fazel, S., & Mays, V. M. (2015). Mental illness and
reduction of gun violence and suicide: bringing epidemiologic research to policy. Annals of
epidemiology, 25(5), 366-376.
This epidemiological study discusses and brings out epidemiological evidences
underlining gun violence and suicide risk and their relationship with psychiatric disorders, in
comparison to the media driven public awareness of the risks of mental sick individuals. The
study also evaluate and determine the effectiveness of the existing policies and laws that have
been designed with the aim to prevent injuries related to firearms and mortality linked with

ANNOTATED BIBLIOGRAPHY
mental conditions and substance use. The study has been conducted though a thorough research
of the articles concerning public attitudes and perceptions towards people suffering from mental
illness and compared them with the evidences obtained from benchmark clinical and
epidemiological studies relating to mental illness, violence and accuracy risk assessments of the
psychiatrists in diagnosing them. The authors have critically reviewed the selected laws and
policies and recommendations for evidence-based policy were presented.
Rozel, J. S., &Mulvey, E. P. (2017). The link between mental illness and firearm violence:
implications for social policy and clinical practice. Annual review of clinical psychology, 13.
The study by summarize about the evidences grounded on strong and conclusive research
findings related to the inter relationship among mental disorders, violence and firearms, by
focusing particularly on the active symptoms, victimization, addiction and other psychological
risk factors. The study also discusses on the both social and also legal context of the firearm
ownership as a preface for discovering policy recommendations that are evidence based,
practical and behaviorally informed to mitigate the risk of firearm violence. The study findings
suggest that risk factors for violence in mental illness is driven by symptoms, prior victimization,
comorbid addiction and psychological risk factors. Thus, an evidence base is required to develop
improved health policy and clinical interventions in this field.
Metzl, J. M., & MacLeish, K. T. (2015). Mental illness, mass shootings, and the politics of
American firearms. American journal of public health, 105(2), 240-249.
The authors presented their study in the form of literature review and accessed literatures
from various field including psychology, psychiatry, sociology and public health that addresses a

ANNOTATED BIBLIOGRAPHY
strong relationship between gun violence with that of mental illness. Using this review as the
tool, the authors have critically addressed some significant assumptions arising from the study
that includes mental illness is the key factor behind gun violence, thus, through psychiatric
diagnosis, gun crime can be predicted prior to its occurrence. The study has also accessed
whether US mass shooting teaches to fear loners who are mentally ill. Based on the above
statements evidences that were searched suggest mental illness emergingfrom mass shootings
often reflect a broader cultural stereotypes and anxieties related to social class, race/ethnicity and
politics.
Morrall, A. (2018). The science of gun policy: a critical synthesis of research evidence on
the effects of gun policies in the United States. Rand health quarterly, 8(1).
This study extracts the best evidences available on the impacts of several policies on
firearm crimes, deaths, violence and gun industry, involvement in shooting sports and hunting
and other related impacts. The authors made an attempt to build consensus about a set of shared
facts that were established by a transparent, impartial and nonpartisan review process, by
highlighting the place of accumulation of those evidences. By following the above strategy they
also irradiate the areas of better information that can contribute to establishing effective and fair
gun polices.
Ausman, J. I., &Faria, M. A. (2019). Is gun control really about people control?. Surgical
neurology international, 10.
The review by provides an accurate and factual background on the debate related to the
issue that surround the arguments and opinions for and against gun control. Thus, the paper is