The Deepwater Horizon Disaster

This study evaluates the Deepwater Horizon Disaster, the most significant industrial disaster in history. It analyzes project complexities and applies concepts and theories to understand the outcomes.

Running head: THE DEEPWATER HORIZON DISASTER
The Deepwater Horizon Disaster
Name of the student:
Name of the university:
Author Note

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Executive summary
The Deepwater Horizon s widespread oil spill that was established in 2010. This is one of the most
massive marine spill having greatest marine sill and the popular industrial disaster in history. Here,
in this study evaluation is made on the relevant project complexities. Further, different concepts and
theories that are applicable here are demonstrated.

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Table of Contents
Component 1: Introduction:...................................................................................................................3
Component 2: Analysis of the kind of project complexity related to the present case:........................4
Component 3: Selection of the model:..................................................................................................5
Component 4: Conclusion:..................................................................................................................10
References:..........................................................................................................................................11
Appendix:............................................................................................................................................14
Appendix 1:.....................................................................................................................................14
Appendix 2:.....................................................................................................................................15
Appendix 3:.....................................................................................................................................17
Appendix 4:.....................................................................................................................................18

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Component 1: Introduction:
The Deepwater Horizon is an oil spill that got established on 20th April 2010. It is referred to
as the most prominent marine spill, along with the most significant industrial disaster in history. This
has resulted in the explosion of the rig of Deepwater Horizon that is located about 60 kilometres of
the cast of Louisiana.
The study needs the implementation of conceptual theories and tools. An integrated
understanding of various dimensions of the project is required in order to be demonstrated. This is
helpful to analyze the whys and hows of the outcomes of the project. It makes an evaluation of the
complexity of the project associated with the application of concepts and theories.
The following study makes an analysis of the kinds of related project complexities. Then
various theories and concepts are applied.
Identification of issues:
The oil spill and blowout of the Deepwater Horizon at the Mexican Gulf caused due to a
flawed good plan. This never involved the sufficient cement that has been taking place between the
productions, which are 7-inch casing. This also included the 1 7/8 inch case of protection. Here, the
presumed blowout or BOP failure has been a vital and secondary issue. Though the resulting of the
spill of oil has been graving the pollutions to the environment, the current efforts have been limiting
the flow. This has included the insertion tube that has been apparently effective. The constant efforts
have been stopping and slowing the flow that involves the nearby reliefs very well. This has been
interacting the MC 252 wellbore within 60-90 days. Then, it was seen that within a few hours, they
have ready in removing the rig of drilling off location (Hayes and Bennett, 2011). Hence, it is a
complete rig that can be moved.

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Component 2: Analysis of the kind of project complexity related to the present
case:
For this, the Diamond Model is chosen. This is helpful for understanding the various
dimensions of project uncertainty. They are the novelty, technology, complexity and pace. The base
of originality indicates the difficulties in present in goals of the project goals. This also involves
uncertainty in the market and both. This has been measuring the way the latest product of the project
has been for the clients. This has also committed the users to the market and the ways it has been
clear and well defined for the initial requirements of the products. This has consisted of three types.
They are the breakthrough, platform and derivative. Making use of novelty has been helpful in
making decisions. This needs the time for freezing the requirement of products. It also involves the
trust with reliability and accuracy to market the data (Atkinson, Crawford and Ward 2006).
Then there are the technology benefits, that’s why the model is chosen. Here, it has been
representing the project level of the uncertainty of technology. This is found through the way much
the technology is needed. In this case, there are various kinds of technology like super high tech,
high tech, medium tech and low tech. Evaluating the technology has been useful to take decisions on
the technical skills needed by the team and project managers intensity of the technical tasks and the
required time for freezing the design. Further, there is complexity. Here, the base measurements of
the product complexity, project organizations and functions are included. It consists of three kinds of
complications. They are the arrays, systems and assembly. Knowing the complicacy is helpful to
decide the structure of the project organisation and the way it could be managed (Geraldi, Maylor
and Williams, 2011). Further, there is a pace. The base has been representing the urgency to the
projects. This includes the 4 kinds of pace. They are blitz, time-critical competitive and fast and the
regular. Knowing the pace is useful to decide the ways to perform the planning, the when and how it

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Technology
Pace
Complexity Novelity
Super high cost
High tech
Medium tech
Low tech
Low tech
Medium Tech
Lw tech
Regular
Completive and fast
Time critical
Blitz
Biltz
Data drive Platform Break through
Array System Assembly
can be reviewed. This is the most helpful manner of autonomy for the team. Moreover, this is a level
useful to get involved for the top management (Snowden and Boone 2007).
Figure 1: “The diamond model for the present case of Deepwater Horizon”
(Source: Created by Author)
Component 3: Selection of the model:
Firstly, there is the novelty. This is helpful to determine how vital the product has been for
the market. The product novelty is defined in the way in which the product has been for the potential
users and the markets. Here, the dimension has been representing the way this has been for the
clients. They are familiar with the products, the ideas of using that and how clearly one can define
the customer needs and requirements has been up fronting (Buchanan 1991).
The novelty of the products has been including overall three types. They are breakthrough,
platform and derivative. Here, the levels of novelty have been defined in many ways. The first one is

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the derivative products that are the extension and development of the current products. Then there
are the platform products that are the latest generations of the existing product lines (Pinto 2000).
Next, there is a platform product that are the new generations for the present product lines. Here, the
product has been replacing the prior products under the well-established market sectors (Rice,
O’Connor and Pierantozi 2008).
Next, there are breakthrough products that are products for the new to the world. Here, they
have been transferring the latest concepts and idea to various products that are never seen by the
customers. Next, there are technological uncertainties. Here, the essential origins of the activities
difficulty have been within the technical uncertainties. They are found to be having the effects on
designing and testing, interactions and designing (Boddy and Paton 2004). Here, this has involved
the timing of the design freeze and necessities of the design cycles. This has also been affecting the
technical competencies required by the project members and project managers (Hansen et al. 1999).
The four levels have been comprising technological uncertainties. These are the low tech
projects and has been depending on the well-established and existing technologies. Here, the most
typical instance is the construction project. Then, there is the medium-tech projects that can be used
through primarily present and the primary technologies (Shenhar and Dvir 2007). However, they
have included the new technologies and the latest features that never existed in the previous projects.
Next, there are high tech projects. This has been representing the cases where most of the
technologies employed are the latest to the business. Next, there are the super high-tech projects.
They are based on the latest technologies that have never been existing to the initiation of the plan
(Buchanan and Badham 2008).
Moreover, there is complexity. This is the easy way to define different levels he
complications. This is to utilize hierarchical systems. Here, the complexity of the projects is related

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directly to the scope of the system. It has been affecting the projects and the formality of the project
management. Here, various levels of the complexity to be utilized has been to differentiate among
the practices of project management. This has involved the arrays, systems and assembly. Next,
there are assembly projects. This is included to generate the collection of various elements, modules
and components. This is assimilated under one entity or unit (Davies and Hobday 2005). This has
been performed with a single function. Further, the system projects have included the complicated
collection of various interactive subsystems and elements. Then, there are done by performing
various activities for meeting the particular needs of operations. Next, there are array projects having
a huge widespread set of systems (Fernie et al. 2003). They have been functioning together for
gaining the common cause. They are also at many times known as the super systems and system of
systems. It has included the pace. This is complicated for the time frame over the scale and the
projects have been differing through urgency. It has been happening under the various levels of pace
that are determined (Davies, Gann and Douglas 2009).
They are fast and completive, regular, time critical and blitz. Then there are the regular
projects that involve the efforts here the time is not complicated for the quick success for the
organizations (Saynisch 2010). Furthermore, competitive or fast projects are the most popular
projects that are done by various industries and different organizations that are profit driven. It is
been conceived for denoting the opportunities of markets and develop strategic positioning and
create a new business line. Again, the time complicated projects are to be finished under particular
data. This is constrained through a particular event and scopes. Next, missing deadlines indicates the
failure of the projects. Apart from this, there are the Blitz projects (Prencipe, Davies and Hobday
2005). They are regarded as crisis projects. To solve the crisis very quickly is the success criteria.
Here, the aim is to create a context-free system that never depends on the specific or industry
organization. It is universal for capturing the wide spectrum of the projects. Thus they are able to

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create the expansion of the model. One can determine that there are a couple of important sources
regarding uncertainty. This has involved technological and uncertainty tasks. In this way, the NCTP
diamond model has been emerging (Flyvbjerg, Garbuio and Lovallo 2009).
Explaining and justifying why the chosen theory is helpful to know the current project of Deepwater
Horizon:
For Deepwater Horizon, the diamond model is an effective structured model. Here, the
managers can use as decisions are needed to be made. This about the projects and the way they must
be run. Moreover, the diamond framework has been involving different dimensions for Deepwater
Horizon. The novelty has been helpful to determine the newness in the current market. Next, the
newness has been involving the technology, including technical uncertainties. Further, there is a
complexity that indicates the project complexities. Next, the pace has been determining the way how
critical the time frame for the Deepwater Horizon disaster recovery plan has been (Kotter 1995).
Nonetheless, the five variables that have been governing the project success are the risk, scope, cost,
quality and time. Moreover, the diamond framework has been useful to differentiate among the
projects and determine the risks and manage as per the relevancy (Miller and Lessard 2000).
Challenges:
The Diamond Model has been leading to adaptive project management. This latest approach
is been based on the success-focused, flexible, adaptive framework. As par the adaptive approach,
the projects are the collection of the tasks that require to get finished within time. Apart from this,
the projects are the business-related processes to deliver the results of business (Weick and Sutcliffe
2015). Rather, the projects are various business-related methods to deliver the results of a business.
Though the approach has been representing the change in thinking, one is inevitable to meet the
present-day organizational challenges (Davies and Hobday 2005). Moreover, no other system can

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react to the answers and the efficient usage of the model has declined the results and achieving of the
home runs from the projects that are applicable to the approach. As adopted, the model can affect the
execution and planning of the projects. Thus one can concentrate on the attention to meet the budget
and time (Fuda and Badham 2011).
Strengths:
This includes the way how the projects are selected and the resources are allocated. This is
for the business to manage more than a single project. Thus they are able to avoid to deal with issues
of project management of portfolios. However, the management is the problematic task and
controversial one for all the business (Stoelsnes 2007). This is defined as the decisions and actions as
they are considered for selecting and eradicate the projects. This is to involve that to collect the
current projects and allocate the resources among the projects smartly (Owen, Burstein and Mitchell
2004).
Moreover, it is useful for the resources among the cells. Thus one can allocate the resources
for every group of projects. This is based on the strategic policies and goals. In this way, the policy
has been there to rely on the intended advantages and values from every group. This involves the
decision, scenario, trend of industries and the competitive situation and the stage of the life-cycle.
Thus, one can highly rely on the competitive situation and the stage of life-cycle. This has been
greatly dependant on the strategic plans of the business (Roberto, Bohmer and Edmondson 2006).
Here, for instance, as the business grows, one can allocate the greater portion of the cell that strategic
and external. This has been reducing costs and consolidating. Here, the internal operational element
has been getting the lion share. Here, the managers allocate the resources to the groups are first, all
the project gets competing with various projects under a similar group (De Meyer, Loch and Pich
2002).

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Weaknesses:
Through utilizing the dimensions of NTCP, various differences among the strategic and
operations projects can be understood. These operational projects are the derivatives and on the other
hand, the strategic projects are e breakthroughs and platforms. In this way, the technical
uncertainties of the operational projects are vital and no greater than the tech medium. On the other
hand, the projects are able to span compete for the spectrum of the uncertainty of technology.
Besides, the operational projects have been urgent with the needs of blitz attitude. On the other hand,
the strategic projects due to the novelty have been performed rarely as the crisis has been going on
(Loch, DeMeyer and Pich 2006). In this way, they have been normally never reaching the level of
the blitz. Moreover, the complexity is related to investment levels. This it has the potential loss and
gain. Nevertheless, the rise in complicacy has been related to difficulties with suitable integration
and coordination. In this way, technology has been providing the scopes of smart performances than
the previous and providing the capability to perform new activities (Weick and Sutcliffe 2015).
Component 4: Conclusion:
The rate of the disaster of the BP Deepwater Horizon oil spill has been largely catastrophic.
Again, some of the projects are simple, certain and fixed currently. Instead, they are involving,
changing and unpredictable to deal with the complexities and uncertainties. Hence, the Diamond
NTCP model has been resulting in overcoming the issues for Deepwater Horizon. It is helpful to
deliver the disciplined tool to assess the unexpected results and the risks of the projects. It has been
helpful for the managers to undertake decisions regarding the projects. Thus they are able to run.
Moreover, it is useful to seek time and freeze the requirements of products and seek the formality
and bureaucracy levels. These are required to be managed. As it is deployed, this eases the processes
to plan and deploy the strategies.

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Appendix:
Appendix 1:
It was seen that the blowout had sent various toxic fluids and huge gas that has been shooting
up that well. This has led to the explosion over the board of the rig. This has killed 11 individuals.
Further, it injured an extra 115 members of the crew in a serious manner. Ironically on Earth Day
2010, two days later, the rig was found to sink. This broke off the connection of pipe to the well.
This jettisoned about 5 million oil barrels. This tool place in the Mexican Gulf. It occurred for about
3 months.
The ownership of the rig was been by offshore drilling contractor. It was leased to the BP for
exploring the Macondo Prospect. It is a popular oil field that was off the Coast of Louisiana. It was
seen that BP has pled guilty for fourteen felony charges that came from DOI or Department of
Justice of the United States. Here, the paid fins were more than about four billion dollars to settle in
the case of 2012. These fines, along with the payments for setting different civil claims has been
costing BO with more than forty billion dollars. During 2013, the Transocean was been pled guilty
for the criminal charges. This also involved a misdemeanor violating of the “Clean Water Act”.
They paid more than one billion dollars in criminal and civil fines.
Figure 2: “Analyzing how poor BP Deepwater Horizon is”
(Source: Joye 2015, pp.592-593)

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Appendix 2:
The owner of the drilling rigs, the Transocean Ltd, has reported that about 950 million
dollars of the insurance coverage have been there over the drilling rig, On the other hand, Anadarko
revealed that had been about 160 million dollars to draw upon and Mitsui has been reportedly giving
rise to the pollution liability of the insurance coverage of about 50 million dollars.
As the spill took place, the government was found to be stopping the activities of offshore oil
drilling. This threatened the tasks of numerous offshore oil workers in the region of Gulf. Here, the
jury has been out over the finishing of environmental and financial impacts on the spill of BP oil.
Here, most of the m were present instead of any task. This is to make tour and tour and the oil
sectors have not ben meeting personal obligations. This resulted in the cascading impact around the
sector. Further, the issues have been about the case of oil that sunk over the floor. The retardants
utilized the ways of mitigating the spills. The investigations have been continuing into various issues
of public health.
Figure 2: “Insurance Industry Implications”
(Source: Gam et al. pp.e312-e318)

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Figure 3: “Insurance Industry Implications”
(Source: Stout and Payne 2017, pp. pp.328-340)

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Appendix 3:
At first to mitigate the issues, the market opportunities are to be determined. This is a smart
idea for performing the check of the market background prior to entering into the sector. Next, the
target audience is to be understood and assuring that one analyse the targeted audiences. Lastly,
there is the opportunity of growth there to be investigated essentially.
It was during 10 P.M that the rig had been unexpectedly starting to shake and making a loud
surging noise. This was accompanied by the drilling mud, seawater and natural gas. Thus it was shot
high above the floor of the drill shipping. Thus, the gap got exploded and the rig has been engulfed
under the flames. As a second explosion has been followed, the electricity went out. It was seen that
eleven men instantly died and about 110 other people rushed to different lifeboats. They jumped in
the Mexican Gulf. It has been happening very quickly and those who have died possibly has not
timed for understanding what has been occurring. After that, the area sank under the bottom of the
Mexican Gulf. Thus the oil has spilt into the Gulf at rates. This has been 5,000 barrels every day as
there have been 42 gallons under the barrel.
Figure 4: “Illustrating inside the business of organics”
(Source: Gam et al. 2018, pp.695-702)

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Appendix 4:
It is seen that the reefs external to the 19 km radius from the place of Deepwater has
appeared to be hugely unaffected. However, those who are present within has been highly stressed. It
is suggested by laboratory studies that the dispersants and the oils have made the reproduction of
coral much more complicated. The coral larvae have been mobile at first. This is attached to the
mature corals. This has been at much-decreased rates. This is followed by the exposure of various
substances.
Nonetheless, the gas and oil innovation of the industry has been making outside strides. This
is to make advancements at the technological frontiers of the extraction of hydrocarbon. They have
never made comparable strides for the area of the protection. This lessens the probability of the
catastrophe. Essentially, it has been smarter to generate a coherent and in-details suitable structure
for the overseas drilling. This must be ahead of the government and experience of the oil corporation
under the “heat with the battle” including further leakages. It is seen from the above study that there
are conventional approaches to project management. This is based on particular models and has been
relatively simple, fixed and predictable.
Figure 5: “Size of world spills”

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(Source: Gros et al. 2017, pp. 10065-10070)