Guidelines for Managing Stroke and Ischemic Events

This assignment provides an in-depth analysis of stroke management techniques, including guidelines for healthcare professionals. It covers the causes, symptoms, diagnosis, and treatment of stroke, as well as the importance of early management in acute ischemic stroke cases. The assignment also discusses risk factors, diagnosis, and treatment methods for atherosclerotic intracranial arterial stenosis and cerebrovascular disease in patients with left ventricular assist devices.

THE DIAGNOSIS AND
TREATMENT OF STROKE
PATIENTS

TABLE OF CONTENTS
INTRODUCTION...........................................................................................................................1
MAIN BODY...................................................................................................................................1
TASK 5............................................................................................................................................1
TASK 6............................................................................................................................................5
CONCLUSION................................................................................................................................7
REFERENCES................................................................................................................................8
REFLECTIVE LOG......................................................................................................................10

INTRODUCTION
Stroke is the disease in which blood rotation in brain, is cut off. It is the health illness in
which person requires urgent treatment (Holmstedt, Turan and Chimowitz, 2013). Present study
is divided into two sections. Liner notes on the stroke and research plan will be discussed in Task
5. In the task 6 report on diagnosis and treatment of stroke patients will be prepared.
TASK 5
Research
Diagrammatic notes
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Liner notes and diagrammatic:
This part is covered in hand written liner notes.
In the first part scholar will search about the topic and will gather in-depth information
about subject matter. Present study is based on stroke so researcher will collect details about
stroke and causes of occurring this disease.
Stroke is the serious medical issue in which brain of person loose blood supply. If
someone is suffering from stroke then functioning of the brain might get stopped and individual
have to face many issues
Two main causes of stroke are as following: Ischaemic: In this supply of blood gets
stopped due to blood clotting. Haemorrhagic: In this weakened blood vessels supply blood in
the brain that causes brain burst situation. The Transient ischaemic attack (TIA) is another
situation which take place in some people because of interruption in blood supply in the brain.
TIA causes mini stroke from few minutes to several hours.
Stroke is painful medical issue and in this condition patients is required immediate
treatment because individual fails to bear their pain. In Stroke face of individual have dropped o
one side and after that individual fails to react through their face. Speech of patients may be
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garbled and individual finds difficulty while speaking. Individual is needed sufficient oxygen
and nutrients so that blood rotation can be done properly. If there is issue in blood supply then
patients can face brain injury or disability. Ischaemic and haemorrhagic are two main causes of
strokes in human body.
Stroke increases when blood pressure, cholesterol level becomes high, high diabetes etc.
Treatment
Treatment of stroke completely depends upon the type of stroke in this, doctors have to
examine which part of the brain has problem. This medical treatment supports in dissolving
blood clots and minimizing the blood pressure. With the help of this treatment, cholesterol level
of the person can be controlled, that helps in minimizing the effects of stroke in the human being.
Stroke is the great problem which is increasing in the human body frequently. Primary
prevention method to minimize it that patients needs to take care of their eating schedule. It is
essential to take health diet and need to do exercise on regular body. By this way immune system
of individual becomes more strong and that helps in avoiding diseases. Person needs to avoid
drinking, smoking that can help in minimizing chances of occurring stroke. On other hand it is
said that many times human body does not have capacity to fight with the disease that means
immune system of individual is weak. In such condition stroke can take place in the person
easily
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Sources:
Understanding thrombolysis treatment For stroke, 2013. [PDF] Available through:
<https://www.chss.org.uk/documents/2013/08/ss10_thrombolysis-pdf.pdf>
Stroke (brain attack) 2017. [PDF] Available through: <https://www.mayfieldclinic.com/PDF/PE-
Stroke.pdf>
Edward C. and et.al., 2017. Guidelines for the Early Management of Patients With Acute Ischemic Stroke A Guideline for Healthcare
Professionals From the American Heart Association/American Stroke Association. [PDF] Available through:
<http://stroke.ahajournals.org/content/strokeaha/44/3/870.full.pdf>
Evaluation of research
Stroke impacts not only on the brain but also related areas such as neck and other body
parts. If due to this brain gets damaged then individual might suffer from speech and language
disorders as well. Stroke is the serious issue which is cause due to interruption in blood flow in
the brain of the person (Understanding thrombolysis treatment For stroke, 2013). This damages brain cells, in
such condition individual can get died. Effects of stroke is completely depends upon the area of
brain which is damaged by it. Study has stated that Thrombolysis is the great treatment method
in which doctors breaks blood clots from the brain and try to smooth flow of blood supply. In
order to remove clots medical professionals uses clot busting medicines.
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Stroke also creates issues related to breathing, balancing, vision in the patients. Stroke cannot be
removed completely because blood clots seriously harm the brain and creates serious issues for
the patients (Stroke, 2017).
Stroke can be understand by the circulation system of brain. 87% cases are of ischemic
stroke and remaining are of embolic, hemorrhagic strokes. Main cause of this disease is age,
gender and race (Stroke (brain attack) 2017). Due to genetic issues this issue can take place in the
human body. Major risk factors for stroke are such as high blood pressure, smoking, heart
disease, diabetes etc. In this process doctors open carotid artery ad remove plaque so that blood
can flow easily.
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Illustration 1: Blood supply in brain
Source: (Stroke(brain attack) 2017)

Illustration 2: Carotid endarterectomy
Source: (Stroke(brain attack) 2017)
Edward has conducted study on Ischemic stroke. Scholar has given guidelines for early
management of patients. Overarching concept of stroke system has been explained by the
researcher. The study has described early stroke evaluation and medical care for this medical
issue (Edward C. and et.al., 2017).
Essay planning
For conducting the study scholar has taken support of descriptive research design. This
will support in gathering in-depth information about the topic. Furthermore, scholar will use
primary and secondary data collection sources in order to collect information about the stroke
and its treatment. In addition, researcher will use thematic analysis approach for data analysis,
this will be beneficial in presenting the information in effective manner.
Understand the topic: Researcher has developed understanding about the topic and has
framed aim and objective of the investigation (Stroke. 2017).
Literature Review: It will be second activity in which scholar has read earlier articles on
the same topic so that individual can gather in-depth information about the subject matter.
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Mapping up of research methodology: In this part researcher has used several tools and
techniques which has supported in conducting the investigation in effective manner.
Data collection: In this part scholar has gathered detail about stroke, its impact, and its
treatment. For that individual has used primary and secondary sources. In the primary data
collection source researcher has used questionnaire technique.
Data Analysis: All gathered information has been analysed in this study.
Evaluation and analysis of data:
This is next phase in which researcher has analysed all information and so that individual
can draw a valid conclusion.
Conclusion and final submission:
In the last phase of essay planning researcher has drawn conclusion on the bases of above
collected information and analysis.
TASK 6
Diagnosis and treatment of stroke patients
Stroke is the serious illness in which brain cells get damaged due to poor blood flow. In
such medical emergency individual is required to take treatment on immediate bases (Ciccone
and et.al., 2013). Symptoms of stroke are as following: Loss of consciousness, Breathing
Problem, Sudden weakness, Hallucinations, Severe headache, Loss of balance , Trouble in
understanding speech, etc (Stroke. 2017). For diagnosis of stroke in patient doctors adopt several
methods, these are as following:
Blood test:
It is considered as one of the most effective diagnosis method that supports medical
professionals in identifying blood clots in brain (Willey and et.al, 2014). Through blood testing
practitioners try to examine whether individual has high or low blood sugar, blood chemical
balance, infection in blood etc.
Computerized Tomography (CT) scan
In this method of diagnosis, medical professionals capture image of brain by X-rays. CT
scan supports in knowing tumour, stroke, haemorrhage conditions in human brain. For
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understanding the condition of brain doctors inject dye in bloodstream in order to view blood
vessels in brain and neck (Hart and et.al. 2014).
Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI)
This is the diagnosis method in which doctors take support of powerful radio waves and
magnets in order to capture detailed image of brain. It helps in identifying damage in the brain
due to ischaemic stroke. By injecting dye into blood vessels doctors try to identify arteries and
highlight blood flow (Stroke, 2017).
Cerebral Angiogram
It is another test to diagnosis the stroke patients. In this test, medical professionals take
support of small incision and insert flexible thin tube in person's groin. This way they examine
the arteries of patient whether individual has stroke or not (Stroke - Treatment, 2017). After that
they inject dye in blood vessels so that it can be visible in X-ray. By this way they capture detail
image of brain and neck and try to find out level of stroke in human being (Holmstedt, Turan and
Chimowitz, 2013).
Treatment of Stroke patients
There are various treatment techniques which supports in providing best treatment to
Stroke patients and improving their condition. Several treatments of the disease are as
following:
Thrombolysis
It is the treatment method which is generally used for ischaemic strokes, in this doctor
injects medicine in blood of patient, it is known as alteplase (Hemphill and et.al. 2015). This
helps in dissolving clots and restoring the blood flow. It can also be defined as use of clot-
busting medication. It is the treatment method which is beneficial when individual start getting
treatment at initial phase (StrokeSigns, Symptoms, Warning Signs, and Treatments 2017).
Antihypertensive
It is another treatment method which is generally applied when blood pressure is too high
in patient. Doctors suggest medicines to the persons so that effects of disease can be reduced.
Medicines given to the patients are : thiazide diuretics, angiotensin-converting enzyme
inhibitors, beta-blockers, alpha-blockers etc (Willey and et.al, 2014).
Statins
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If cholesterol level is high in person then they are advised to take medicine known as
“statin”. It helps in reducing cholesterol level in blood, it blocks chemical in liver which are
responsible for producing cholesterol (Hemphill and et.al. 2015).
Carotid endarterectomy
It is another method for treating Stroke patients, in this surgeon removes plaques
from arteries. This surgery can support in continuous flow of blood in the brain. These surgeons
repair artery, by this way risk of occurring ischemic stroke can be reduced to a great extent
(Stroke, 2017).
CONCLUSION
From the above report, it can be concluded that Stroke is the serious medical issue due to
which brain cells can get dead. It is essential for the patients to get immediate care from the
specialists so that their condition can be improved soon. When individual is in serious condition
then doctors adopt Antihypertensive treatment for them. In this they give medicines such as
thiazide diuretics, angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors to them so that their condition can
be improved and their pain can be minimized.
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REFERENCES
Books and Journals
Ciccone, A. and et.al., 2013. Endovascular treatment for acute ischemic stroke. New England
Journal of Medicine. 368(10). pp.904-913.
Hart, R.G. and et.al., 2014. Embolic strokes of undetermined source: the case for a new clinical
construct. The Lancet Neurology. 13(4). pp.429-438.
Hemphill, J. C. and et.al., 2015. Guidelines for the management of spontaneous intracerebral
haemorrhage. Stroke. 46(7). pp.2032-2060.
Holmstedt, C. A., Turan, T. N. and Chimowitz, M. I., 2013. Atherosclerotic intracranial arterial
stenosis: risk factors, diagnosis, and treatment. The Lancet Neurology. 12(11). pp.1106-
1114.
Willey, J. Z. and et.al., 2014. Cerebrovascular disease in the era of left ventricular assist devices
with continuous flow: risk factors, diagnosis, and treatment.
Online
Edward C. and et.al., 2017. Guidelines for the Early Management of Patients With Acute Ischemic Stroke A Guideline for Healthcare
Professionals From the American Heart Association/American Stroke Association. [PDF] Available through:
<http://stroke.ahajournals.org/content/strokeaha/44/3/870.full.pdf>. [Accessed on 23rd
August 2017].
Stroke – Treatment. 2017. [Online] Available through:
<http://www.nhs.uk/Conditions/Stroke/Pages/treatment.aspx>. [Accessed on 23rd August
2017].
Stroke (brain attack) 2017. [PDF] Available through: <https://www.mayfieldclinic.com/PDF/PE-
Stroke.pdf>. [Accessed on 23rd August 2017].
Stroke Signs, Symptoms, Warning Signs, and Treatments 2017. [Online] Available through:
<http://www.medicinenet.com/stroke_symptoms_and_treatment/article.htm>. [Accessed on 23rd
August 2017].
Stroke. 2017. [Online] Available through: <https://www.radiologyinfo.org/en/info.cfm?
pg=stroke>. [Accessed on 23rd August 2017].
Understanding thrombolysis treatment For stroke, 2013. [PDF] Available through:
<https://www.chss.org.uk/documents/2013/08/ss10_thrombolysis-pdf.pdf>. [Accessed on
23rd August 2017].
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REFLECTIVE LOG
I have identified loopholes in the previous project and I have identified areas which can
be improved further. In the earlier report, my understanding level was not that much good
because I was not having great knowledge about Stroke. But I have learned about this disease, its
symptoms, causes, diagnosis and treatment methods etc. I got to know about types of stroke and
to what extent it can be harmful for individuals. With the help of previous report I became able
to present study more effectively. Previous feedback has supported me in taking necessary
actions and finding more detail about the subject matter. That has improved my knowledge and
understanding. My critical thinking approach has been improved and now I am able to explain
about Stroke confidently in front of mass audience.
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