The digestive system 1 THE DIGESTIVE SYSTEM By (Student’s Name).

The digestive system 1
THE DIGESTIVE SYSTEM
By (Student’s Name)
Professor’s Name
College
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Date

The digestive system 2
THE DIGESTIVE SYSTEM
The digestive system is a collection of organs which work in unison in converting food
through physical or chemical means into energy and nutrients.
Mouth
The mouth is the beginning of the alimentary canal located superior to the chin and
inferior to the nose. The oral cavity is surrounded by the alveolar bone, the back is covered by
the isthmus of the faucets and hard palate at the front of the roof. The cavity is occupied by the
tongue. The mucous membranous line covers the sides and the below surface of the tongue. The
mouth contains submandibular and sublingual glands which secrets the saliva (Shield et al.
2017). The area between the teeth, lips, and cheeks is known as the vestibule. The mouth orifice
is the line between the upper and the lower lips.
Pharynx
This is a muscular tubule projecting from the lower end of the skull to the base border of
the cricoid cartilage. It is divided into Nasopharynx is the upper part connecting to the skull, it
comprises of the adenoids which are the lymphoid structures on its posterior wall. The
oropharynx is located behind the oral cavity. It has epiglottis which closes the glottis, The
laryngopharynx as the caudal portion of pharynx connects the throat and esophagus.
Esophagus

The digestive system 3
A muscular tube behind the trachea connecting the throat to the stomach. The walls are
made up of the mucosa, layers of muscle fibers and submucosa. It has two sphincters at the top
and bottom.
Stomach
It found on the left side of the upper abdomen, the muscular tissue connects to the
esophagus. It is surrounded by sympathetic and parasympathetic plexuses. It is flexible and has a
pyloric sphincter valve that controls food entry to small intestines. The stomach walls have
several glands for secretion of the digestive juices.
Small intestines
These are tubules connecting the stomach and the large intestines. The duodenum is the
shortest part of the small intestine and is connected to the bile duct from the liver. The jejunum is
the connection of the duodenum and ilium hence mid sectioned It has plicae and villi (Ingber
2016). Ilium is the last section connecting the small intestine to the colon, it contains the villi.
They also have secretory glands secreting digestive juice.
Large intestines
They are located from the beginning of the iliac region of the pelvis, joining the ilium to
the caecum through the ileocecal valve. It is divided into ascending colon, descending colon,
sigmoid colon and transverse colon. The parts can be intraperitoneal or retroperitoneum.
Rectum