The Effect of e-Supply Chain Management Framework in the Retail Supply Chain

This dissertation aims to analyze the influence of e-Supply Chain Management framework in the management of retail companies in the UK, with a focus on Morrison's. It explores the emergence and implementation of e-SCM, its contribution to better management practices, challenges in implementation, and provides recommendations based on the identified challenges.

THE EFFECT OF THE E-
SUPPLY CHAIN
MANAGEMENT
FRAMEWORK IN THE
RETAIL SUPPLY CHAIN

Table of Contents
CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION....................................................................................................4
1.1 Background............................................................................................................................4
1.2 Aim and Objectives...............................................................................................................4
1.3 Research Questions................................................................................................................5
1.4 Rationale................................................................................................................................5
1.5 Significance...........................................................................................................................5
1.6 Dissertation Structure............................................................................................................6
CHAPTER 2: LITERATURE REVIEW.........................................................................................8
Theme 1: Overview of the emergence of e- SCM practices and its evolution............................8
Theme 2: Contribution of e- SCM towards the better management practices in retail sector...10
Theme 3: Challenges raised in the implementation of e-SCM in retailer firms........................12
Literature Summary...................................................................................................................13
CHAPTER 3: RESEARCH METHODOLOGY...........................................................................15
Research type.............................................................................................................................15
Research Approach....................................................................................................................15
Research philosophy..................................................................................................................16
Research design.........................................................................................................................16
Data Collection..........................................................................................................................17
Data analysis..............................................................................................................................17
Reliability and validity..............................................................................................................18
Ethical considerations................................................................................................................18
Research Limitations.................................................................................................................18
CHAPTER 4: DATA ANALYSIS................................................................................................20
Theme 1: Analysis of Morrison’s regarding e-SCM and information system architecture......20
Theme 2: Implementation of e- SCM SI in Morrison’s............................................................22
Theme 3: Use of SI in Morrison’s, its infrastructure and implementation benefits..................24
Theme 4: Challenges in implementation of e- SCM.................................................................26
CHAPTER 5: CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS1500...........................................29
REFERENCES................................................................................................................................1

CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION
Topic: To analyse the influence that e- supply chain management framework has in the
management of retail companies of UK and their supply chain management. A study on
Morrison’s.
1.1 Background
sThe concept of e- supply chain management basically indicates the integration and use of
internet and online services in order to manage the manufacturing activities and carry out
flawlessly the process of converting raw material to finished products. The retail industry of UK
is very extensive and addresses multiple requirements of the customers by meeting their various
needs accordingly. Recently, there are multiple organisations which have integrated their supply
chain operations with the online networks and mediums where they are used to cater to the
requirements of the customers in a better manner and also increase the efficiency and
organisation of the entire system altogether (Schniederjans Curado and Khalajhedayati, 2020).
This dissertation basically aims to analyse that how the overall supply chain management gets
facilitated by the use of internet and other online services especially in the retail sector
specifically of UK. Further, in this dissertation, the technological advancement aspect will also
be discussed and analysed accordingly. This will indicate the use and implementation of e- SCM
as a key strategic tool for improvement and better implementation of systems and techniques.
The dissertation study will mainly help in analysing the implementation of digital aspects in
SCM and its critical contribution.
1.2 Aim and Objectives
Aim:
 To ascertain the impact of e- supply chain management towards the overall management
and facilitation in Morrison’s.
Objectives:
 To evaluate the emergence of e- SCM and its implementation.
 To understand the contribution of e- SCM has towards the management functions of
Morrison’s
 To identify the challenges that arises in the implementation of the e- SCM strategy in
Morrison’s.
 To recommend appropriate solutions or strategies based on the challenges identified.

1.3 Research Questions
The research questions for the dissertation study can be identified as follows:
 How can the emergence and implementation of e- SCM can be mapped?
 What is the contribution of e- SCM towards better management practices in Morrison’s?
 What are the different implementation challenges of e- SCM?
 Which solutions can be recommended accordingly based on the challenges identified in
Morrison’s?
1.4 Rationale
The dissertation topic that has been selected helps in gaining the necessary insight
regarding the optimisation of sales, revenue, increase in efficiency etc. of the organisation by the
implementation of electronic SCM practices and techniques (Reza-Gharehbagh and et.al., 2020).
The research issues being discussed here are related to application of e- SCM practices in the
retail industry and how the key aspects will influence the overall working pattern and efficiency
of the organisation. This research issue will mainly help in understanding what are the key
factors that are affected by e- SCM and how the management of Morrison’s will lead to better
policies for meeting the customer needs. The research issues will also focus on the technological
advancement in Morrison’s where the recent policies that have been adopted will be key
highlights of the research. Further the reason that this research has been selected now is because
of the fact that in the recent times, the technological integration and advancement has increased
diversely and this has also influenced the overall practices in the organisation. It has become
important to understand how different factors and their implementation lead to the overall
betterment in the work efficiency and productivity (Meherishi, Narayanaand Ranjani, 2019).
Mainly, the research will focus on these aspects only and address the concept of e- SCM and the
benefits that arise due to its implementation.
1.5 Significance
The significance i.e. importance of this research can be understood using multiple contexts
and aspects. The research will also help in critically identifying that how the entire process of e-
SCM can be applied in Morrison’s and what are the different aspects that influence the results
and efficiency of e- SCM practices (D'Eusanio, Zamagni and Petti, 2019). The description of the
e- SCM practices will help in understanding that how integration of e- SCM is beneficial for the

retail sector companies further detailing that what are the challenges that can arise and how
evaluation practices can also be affected. Another important aspect of this research is that it helps
in indicating that how business process optimisations gets heavily facilitated due to the
integration of the entire manufacturing process with online platforms. The architectural pattern
of the entire systems behind e- SCM and its facilitation of the different components indicates that
what are the different challenges that can arise in the implementation of the electronic SCM
practices in Morrison’s (Chang, Chen and Lu, 2019). The most important aspect however would
be the identification of the entire network system that is to be implemented and the challenges or
consequences that arise accordingly.
1.6 Dissertation Structure
The dissertation will be completed in a particular structure following proper chapter
distribution:
Chapter 1: Introduction
In the introduction chapter i.e. chapter 1, overview of the research will be presented and the aim,
objectives and research questions that will help in achieving the key objectives that have been
developed for the research. The rationale behind selection of the research topic and its
importance i.e. significance was also highlighted and presented accordingly.
Chapter 2: Literature Review
This is the second chapter of dissertation and in this the earlier published research
articles, journals, books etc. will be referred. Then, critical analysis will be done on the themes
formulated highlighting the positive and negative aspects accordingly. The existing research gap
if any will also be identified and presented accordingly.
Chapter 3: Research Methodology
In the third chapter, the different research tools that are to be used will be analysed and
presented accordingly and the aspects such as research type, philosophies, data collection
techniques, analysis and sampling will be described in detail relating to the research.
Chapter 4: Data Analysis and Findings
The chapter of data analysis and findings basically uses different data collection
techniques and tools to identify the relevant results and understand the opinion of the selected
sample. Different themes and graphs will be used and presented in order to interpret the data
collected and also use these to present the findings accordingly.

Chapter 5: Conclusion and Recommendation
This is the last chapter where conclusion will be drawn from the research that has already
been completed and the key results will be presented and justified. Further, based on these
appropriate results, recommendations will be made before the company and readers presenting
different solutions against the problems that have been identified.

CHAPTER 2: LITERATURE REVIEW
Literature review chapter in dissertation helps in critically analysing the various research
points that have been presented and discussed where the view point of different authors will be
identified and selected. Based on the different themes that have been developed, viewpoint for
every research will be obtained and positive aspects will be compared with the negative one.
Further, in this section, the previously published articles, journal etc. are detailed and relevant
insight will be gained on the potential viewpoints. Further, these themes will be developed
mainly on the basis of the research objectives that were developed in the introduction chapter.
The critical analysis will mainly help in obtaining the relevant judgement about the previous
research that has already been done and the different aspects of research that were discussed.
Theme 1: Overview of the emergence of e- SCM practices and its evolution
According to the research paper published by Ripanti and Tjahjono (2019), it is evident
that goods, services and information are integrated with online services so that goods and
services will be presented and discussed in a more efficient manner and context. The authors
further state that there are some key players in the maintenance of SCM i.e. manufacturers,
supplier, logistics, customers, distributors etc. The coordination between the different players in
the SCM such as retailers, suppliers, customers and other such parties indicate that whether the
key activities have been successful or not. Further, the authors also state that the coordination of
every party is essential in order to ensure the success of entire organisation altogether.
Further elaborating on this concept, Reza-Gharehbagh and et.al. (2020), have presented in
their research paper that there are three main activities that are necessary to be completed in the
overall supply chain management flow. Product flow, information flow and financial flow are
the three important aspects of this activity flows. Product flow can be ascertained as the moving
or transition of goods from supplier to the customers and in some specific cases good returned
back by the customers as well. Similarly, information flow indicates the transmission of orders
and also getting updates regarding the delivery status of the products manufactured and in
process. Lastly, the financial flow indicates the availability of credit, its terms and conditions, the
payment schedules and terms that have been entered into, consignment details, title ownership
etc.
Also, the research paper published by Nair and Reed-Tsochas (2019), details the multiple
advantages or benefits that have arisen due to the implementation of e- SCM in organisations

specifically at a wider level. It is a huge contributor in reducing the overall costs of the
organisation i.e. storage, transit, maintenance etc. and the amount of inventory being held
unnecessarily also decreases. Further, the competitive advantage that can be gained due to the
implementation of this process is immense as the overall customer satisfaction and its
optimisation increases ultimately. This leads to improvement in the fulfilment of orders and their
management, its decision making, forecasting, planning of demand, distribution of warehouses
etc. The paperwork also gets reduced when the company goes online in the implementation of its
SCM components and participants. All of these are the contributors in the improvement of the
performance of the organisation and improving their overall operations and delivery process
optimising the entire process altogether.
However, in contradiction to the above positive aspects detailed, there are a variety of
challenges or disadvantages as well that have been presented by the authors accordingly.
Meherishi, Narayanaand Ranjani (2019), state that the most prominent threat that the
implementation of e- SCM activities present is of cyber security. There is a huge exchange of
data through electronic mediums and if any loophole or breach in the security arises, then it acts
as a potential threat to the business and its customers i.e. clients as well. There are multiple
aspects which can not only lead in the loss of sales or revenue for the business but it can also
tarnish the potential goodwill that a company has established of themselves.
Additionally, Mees-Buss Welch and Westney (2019), have also stated that another major
flaw is in the network reliability i.e. the investment in installing and developing a secure and full
proof network can be a costly and tiring affair. Not only installation, but its maintenance is also a
serious aspect where although using cloud storage, on- site backups can help company in saving
and storing all the relevant data but sudden power cuts or networks turning down can cause
serious disruptions in the implementation of the entire supply chain altogether. If a company
solely relies on the data that is stored in digital formats only and is fully automated than in the
situation of crisis, i.e. when there is power cut or issues of networking, then company might be
unable to access the relevant information which has been stored in a digital only mode.
Therefore, the network reliability and efficiency is also one of the key issues that have to be
considered while implementing e- SCM.
The last demerit that was identified most commonly as per the D'Eusanio, Zamagni and
Petti (2019), is the return or consideration against investment being made in e- SCM. Some of

the companies are able to exercise efficient utilisation of the system and its implementation and
on the other hand some organisations are able to gain only negligible improvements. The best
strategy is to first evaluate the current SCM that is being implemented and then evaluate that if
the option of e- SCM is opted for, then will it lead to the better and quantified returns and results
or will it be mostly negligible in the contribution being made.
Therefore, in this manner the evolution of the e- SCM technique can be critically analysed
and discussed accordingly.
Theme 2: Contribution of e- SCM towards the better management practices in retail sector
The research paper published by Chang, Chen and Lu (2019), detail the multiple
contributions that the implementation of e- SCM presents before the retail companies
specifically. The foremost contribution is that it helps in the optimisation of the storage space in
any company. The technology helps in identifying that how much stock is available in every
category of products and also helps in learning that whether there is too much space that is being
covered or if the company is paying unnecessary money to the maintenance staff of the store.
Further it also helps in ascertaining that how the storage space as well as the personnel being
implemented on it can be optimised and stored correctly so that ultimately the profitability and
productivity of the company can increase. When the entire warehouse data gets optimised, it not
only improves the prospective chances of the better management but it also improves
collaboration and layouts in the company.
Contributing to the point above, another research paper published by Bressanelli, Perona
and Saccani (2019), states that implementation of e-SCM helps in gaining the coordination with
multiple suppliers rather than relying too much on a single or very limited number of suppliers.
This not only minimises the potential chances of risk and losses but also makes a company and
its management prudent towards the losses that can be avoided. The company is also able to
exercise the advantages of bargaining and exercising economies of scale of the production is at a
larger scale. Amongst suppliers as well, there is a competition to serve excellent quality of raw
materials which in turn leads to the enhanced quality of products along with reduction in the cost
being incurred. This creates double benefits for the company accordingly.
Bai and et.al. (2020), also state that using e- SCM creates a faster movement in the
supply chain where quick bookings and notices to the relevant departments of a company helps
in obtaining the necessary budgets and permissions regarding raw material ordering very quickly

and further the sales, accounts, purchase and production department can interconnect and
monitor each other in a very efficient manner. Not only it increases transparency and verifiability
amongst two or more departments but it also creates flexibility in the organisation where one
department can easily understand and monitor the activities of another department. This is the
most efficient way of increasing inbound rates and optimising pick up times in any company
along with reduction in the maintenance costs of the stock accordingly.
Supporting the above point, author Khosroshahi, Husseini and Marjani (2016), elucidated
that e-SCM is directly impacting the retailing management practices of well-known retailers. It
influences both direct and indirect procurement of goods and services. The various applications
of e-procurement such as Ariba, Commerce One and Right Works are used to enhance the
efficiency of the buying goods such as stationary and travel. E-procurement also helps in
managing change and compliance.
Author LAKHRIF and YOUSFI (2020), also elaborated this by mentioning that e-SCM
also helps in direct procurement which is able to represent much bigger size than indirect one.
The main benefits can be shown by integrating ERP, MRP and planning systems of demand and
supply which makes the procurement able to become visible and shows the business intelligence.
The scholar believed that the e-SCM has the ability to make the buyers smarter which also shows
many cost saving opportunities.
Though, e-SCM is providing high speed through the Internet in transferring the
information from all the sectors to the supply chain along with improving the efficiency but it
also faces certain problems such as cyber-attacks, access reliability to uncertain ROI. The author
Han (2018), explained that e-SCM basically works for transmission of large data from invoice to
inventory levels over the different networks. This leads to many threats related to security
breaches. Though the retailers do not take it theoretical but majority of them has faced the data
breaches which was observed by the Global Security Study focussed mainly on the media,
technology and telecommunication companies. This made the e-SCM a weakness of the retailers.
The above contradiction was supported by authors Cagliano, De Marco and Rafele
(2017), by highlighting that retailers which use e-SCM depends completely on the reliable,
persistent information transmission from supply chain elements which in turn is depended on the
broadband access which is reliable. Though some of the problems can be resolved by cloud data
storage, on-site and backup power supplies but there can be many serious disruptions due to

network downtime or sustained power outages. The author mentioned that these can cause
various issues for the retailers as they need to access the information anytime being anywhere
because a small carelessness can lead a loss of large amount of goods and capital.
Furthermore, supporting the contradiction, the authors, Fatkhiyah and Parwati (2018),
described that implementing the e-SCM also needs a large investment regarding the
technological infrastructure. Though some of the companies earn a large profit by implementing
the e-SCM, others invest in this by making efficiency improvements. The author highlighted that
there must be careful monitoring of existing e-supply chain so that it can deliver sufficient
improvements in terms of efficiency and revenue for the justification of implementation costs.
For this a lower level of supply chain must be integrated including logistics and sales which can
provide sufficient improvements for justification of investment.
It was also contradicted by Pan, Pavur and Pohlen (2016), that the retailer companies cannot
assure that their products in the supply chain management are delivered safely to the customers
as they can be damaged, at the time of shipping, even the perishable items can be spoiled. Also,
the delivery can take a lot of time to reach the customers which can create a sense of distrust
among the customers for certain retail firms. The author also stated that e-SCM also lacks the
human and personal touch of shopping which makes this less-appealing. This forces the
companies to evaluate their target customers to decide that they must use automation or not in its
management practices.
Theme 3: Challenges raised in the implementation of e-SCM in retailer firms
According to Galipoglu and et.al. (2018), there are many challenges which can be raised
in implementing the e-SCM in retailers as their main priority is the customers whose needs and
demands are to be fulfilled. The author believed that the customers who are demanding and
techno-savvy are responsible for shaping the supply chains in retailers. It is observed that the
customers expect that they can get their order delivered in few days whether it is any retail
product which influences their decision to buy the item. This competitive reason becomes the
major challenge for the retailers.
Building blocks to the above point, authors Kamble and et.al. (2019), also elucidated that
the retailers have to face the challenge of implementing an online system which is safe and web
based with the customers because the customers want that along with the track numbers of the
orders, they must also have real time visibility. The expectations of the customers are becoming

very high so the deliveries must be according to the specification i.e., complete and on-time. If
the e-retailers do not manage this properly they have to understaff their teams of customer
service which can lead to missteps and frustration.
Furthermore, authors Sharma, Joshi and Kumar (2020), also supported the above points
by highlighting that e-SCM has also contributed in the retail management by introducing the new
demands regarding the inventory management. Using the e-SCM becomes a challenge for the
retailers as keeping them is a headache where buffer stock must be kept low and the main
problem arises when the distributor or the supplier does not enough available stock. The author
also suggested that the retailers have to face the challenge of knowing the exact status of the
inventory for ensuring that they do not lose the orders to the competitors.
The author Sett, Dey and Sarkar (2020), took the example of fashion industry which is
achieving growth around the whole world through its effective e-SCM but this also comes with
its own problems of inventory which is considered as the best offer for tomorrow. When one
single facility satisfies more than one sales channel, the challenge is to manage the common
inventory. The planning regarding to this is the only one where the tools of technology have to
pay for themselves. Here, comes the challenge to choose the right inventory software among
many options.
Literature Summary
In the above literature overview, the concept of e-SCM (electronic supply chain
management) was elaborated by going through the research papers which highlighted two
different aspects of the e-SCM which helped in critically evaluating their view points and
opinions. This also evaluated various e-SCM strategies and practices which are used by most of
the companies in UK. Furthermore, the impact of these practices of e-SCM was highlighted on
the retail sector. It was also critically evaluated because some of the authors believe that these
practices and procedures of e-SCM are contributing towards the progress of the retailers while
the other think that there are many issues or the negative impacts of these practices on the overall
progress. Lastly, many challenges were mentioned which can be raised during the
implementation of these e-SCM practices in the management of retail firms. Therefore, this is
how the researcher will use the various books, articles, journals, articles to make a critical

evaluation regarding the objectives of the research in order to answer the research questions and
also to draw significant conclusions from them.

CHAPTER 3: RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
Research methodology is the most important part in the research or dissertation in which the
ways and means in conducting the research are described. The major aim of this section is to
evaluate the techniques which are used in the research for obtaining the relevant and valid data or
the information which is expected to be achieved at the research’s end. It helps in portraying a
good image of the research and it is the section on which the judgement of the research is
depended up on. It describes various aspects of the research such as type, approach, philosophy,
design, data collection, analysis of the collected data, validity and reliability, ethical
considerations and the limitations.
The researcher here will consider all these aspects in achieving the objectives regarding the
effect of e-SCM on the management and practices of the retailer firms especially the Morrison’s.
In order to get the optimal results, the researcher will choose the best among the options. The
various aspects of this research are as described below:
Research type
This describes the type of data which is going to be collected and analysed. These can be divided
into two types: Qualitative and Quantitative. Qualitative type of research mainly emphasis on
exploring the ideas and forming a theory related to it while the quantitative research believes in
testing the theories and hypothesis. Qualitative type of research basically analysed the opinions
of the humans and express them in words rather than numbers and the methods used for this type
are literature review, interviews etc. while the quantitative type of research lays emphasis on
math and statistical analysis which are expressed in numbers, tables or graphs and the methods
used here are surveys etc. which can give numerical results (Song, Shi and Song, 2019). The
researcher will here use the qualitative type of research in which the main focus is on the words
not in the numbers or calculations. It will help in finding optimal results in form of words
whether the effect of e-SCM is good for Morrison’s or not.
Research Approach
This decides the fact that whether the research is starting by observing the things or starting with
an established theory and on the basis of which it is divided into two parts i.e., inductive and
deductive. Inductive approach focusses on developing a theory while the deductive approach
aims at testing the existing theory. This research will be based on the inductive approach as there
is no theory to be studied about instead it will start by specifying the observations and will end

up by making broad generalizations. This will help the researcher to draw significant conclusions
by observing various aspects of a single thing regarding the e-SCM’s effect on the Morrison’s
management.
Research philosophy
This can be considered as a set of beliefs that is able to represent the world-view of researcher,
the world’s nature, the place of the individual in it and also the range of relationships which are
possible in it. There are basically two types of research philosophies: Interpretivism and
positivism. Positivism makes alignment of itself with the methods of natural sciences which can
be either black or white, it cannot be so black and white in nature because either it can be proved
completely or it cannot be proved including the study of society (Marino, Zotteri and Montagna,
2018). It mostly makes use of numbers which is not subjective in any manner. Interpretivism
aligns itself with the study of the areas which has certain grey areas. It focusses on the meanings
that are brought by the people to the behaviour and situations and the way in in which they use
this in interpreting the world. The researcher will use the interpretivism philosophy because the
numbers cannot analyse the way somebody feels or behaves. This philosophy will help in
examining the impact which e-SCM has on the management practices of retail firms like
Morrison’s in UK.
Research design
It basically refers to the overall strategy which is going to be utilized in the overall research. This
describes a logical and succinct plan for tackling the research questions by collecting and
analysing the data along with making interpretations and discussions from them. There are
various types of research design such as descriptive, experimental, correlational and diagnostic.
Where in descriptive design, the researcher depends upon the situation and describes it in the
study which makes it a theory based design method, the experimental design helps in
establishing a relationship between the situation’s cause and effect which makes it a casual
design method (Nguyen, Adulyasak and Landry, 2019). The correlational focuses on developing
relationship between the two closely connected variables and the diagnostic design helps in
examining the cause of specific phenomenon. This research will be based on the descriptive
design as it will help the researcher to gain in depth insights about the why and how of the
research regarding the e-SCM and its effects on the Morrison’s management practices.

Data Collection
This mainly describes the way in which data is collected or gathered and the sources used and on
the basis of which it is basically divided into two types: Primary and Secondary. Primary data is
the first hand data which is collected in the raw form which is collected by the researcher. It is
real time data which can be collected from the sources like surveys, questionnaire, personal
interviews etc. The secondary data is collected by someone else and is used by the researched in
second hand form. This is the past data which is gathered from various publications, books,
journal articles, websites, internal records etc. This research will only use the secondary data by
going through the various secondary sources like books and journals. Through this, the
researcher becomes able to analyse and evaluate the view points and the opinions of different
authors and to critically evaluate each other’s views in the form of literature review. Various
themes are made in the literature review which helped in segregating the overall aim and to
consider the area of study according to each theme which helped in gaining optimal results
regarding impact of e-SCM on the management and practices of retail firms.
Data analysis
This is meant for analysing of the data which is collected and gathered from various sources. It
depends on the type of the data collected whether qualitative or quantitative. On this basis, the
analysis of the data can be done by thematic or SPSS. Thematic analysis is usually done with the
qualitative type of data whereas the SPSS software is used to analyse the quantitative data
(Abdirad and Krishnan, 2020). Thematic data analysis is used when various themes are formed
in order to segregate the broader aim and making interpretations on the data collected. The SPSS
is a tool which is used to analyse the numbers or statistical data. This research will use the
thematic analysis for analysing the qualitative data from the various research papers and well
known articles. This will give deeper insights regarding the objectives of emergence of e-SCM,
its effect on the retail firms in UK and the challenges which can be raised while implementing
the e-SCM in the management of retail organisations. The researcher will closely examine the
complete data related to the themes made in the literature review. It can also be used for
exploring the questions about the live experiences of the authors.

Reliability and validity
These are the main factors which judges the data collected is reliable and valid or not. Reliability
is the time based consistency across the researchers and the items. Whereas the validity is the
extent at which the results are used to represent the variable which they are intended to. These
cannot be established by a single study but is an ongoing process which is done by analysing the
pattern of the results across various different studies. Reliability means after doing the test or
reading the publication, the results must be same. It is measured to ensure that similar results can
be yielded whenever the test is taken. The data collected in this research will be reliable as
however the researcher goes through same books and publications, that can never be changed
and will give sufficient conclusions. This means that data remains unaffected by all these factors.
Validity is used to confirm whether the results are according to the topic or not. This becomes a
major issue when test is selected. It gives meaning to its scores. It defines the degree to which
specific conclusions can be made which indicates its usefulness. The books, articles and the
publications are chosen according to the objectives of the research and must also choose the
recent publications which are published by well-known and famous authors.
Ethical considerations
The prospect and evaluation of ethical aspects that need to be integrated in the research being
conducted are very detailed and crucial for the completion of research. It can be evidently said
that the researcher in the present research, will attach a declaration form clearly stating that the
entire research work has been conducted by them originally and wherever any secondary
references have been made, it is properly cited and referenced in the dissertation report (Char,
Abràmoff and Feudtner, 2020). The researcher will also obtain a consent form from all the
respondents where it will be clearly emphasised that the answers and opinions presented by the
respondents are their own and they have not been forced or coerced in any manner to incorporate
biasness of any degree or form. This will clearly indicate the originality of the report and how the
results that have been derived and interpreted are of original nature without any piracy or
copying of the research and its findings done by others. Hence, ethical consideration is one of the
key indicators of the reliability regarding originality of research.
Research Limitations
There are some key limitations which are integrated with the research activities being done and
the overall process of obtaining results as well. In the present study being conducted, one of the

major research limitation pertains to the fact that time availability is very limited in which it gets
difficult to obtain the objectives that have been developed. However, despite that the insight
drawn from the primary and secondary research is significant in understanding the key concepts
(Greener, 2018). Further cost was also a constraint for the researcher but still, researcher was
able to address the key aspects and fulfil the requirements of research in a justified manner
within the available budget. The availability of human resources, equipment’s etc. helps in
facilitating the research objectives and its purpose but this aspect was addressed by the
researcher by clearly segregating the activities and developing a proper schedule so that
maximum of the activities could be completed and fulfilled within the available budget.

CHAPTER 4: DATA ANALYSIS
Data analysis is the analytical chapter of the dissertation where the selection data analysis tool is
used to record the responses obtained from secondary research and ascertain the key findings that
can be concluded from it. Here, the joint analysis of the reports and articles that have been
published can be presented in following manner and context referring particularly to Morrison’s.
Theme 1: Analysis of Morrison’s regarding e-SCM and information system architecture
As per the viewpoint of Grant and Preston (2019), implementation of e- SCM practices and its
evolution and growth has been significant in Morrison’s over a continuous period of years. The
authors emphasize that while it was a direct store delivery in the year 1970, it shifted to
centralised more in 1980s where supply distribution centres were developed increasing
standardisation and transparency. During 1980s and 1990s, the SCM became composite where
using vehicles and multi- temperature regional centres helped in increasing the frequency of
delivery to stores and the holding cost of inventory declines. Year 2000s saw the emphasis on
vertical collaboration by mapping the value stream and lean supply chains were developed.
Further continuing on the evolution aspect, research paper published by Paul-LN and Premji
(2018), indicate that in 2000s only company engaged in management of complexity that arose
due to expanded business operations where the supply stores were internationalised and new
sizes, locations and approaches changed incorporating improved product ranges and types or
quality, engaging in round the clock supply and integrating of sustainability aspect. Authors state
that trend is continuing where there is regular updating of the systems and technologies in use
and techniques like RFID etc. were emphasised along with increased focus on the employee
satisfaction level and initiatives being taken also rose simultaneously.
Illustrating the implementation of information system architecture that is being adopted in the
Morrison’s company, Arsovski and et.al. (2018), have presented a detailed description and
analysis of all the systems, their counterparts, successors and even predecessors.

The structure above is a detailed pictorial representation of the different systems that are
integrated together in order to better manage and implement the flow of different activities and
also improve and increase the communication exchange between them leading to optimisation of
the productivity and performance. Authors have adopted a variety of interfaces such as
Electronic Data Exchange, Data Mining, Radio Frequency Identification etc. which help in
increasing the transparency and efficiency of the overall inter connectivity of the entire system
altogether.
Further developing on the above viewpoint, Nasution and Ishak (2019), have indicated that the
retail industry prominently has a number of Supply Chain partners and the integration of
electronic connectivity and network establishment in the companies help in improving the
process altogether where the time gets reduced and the resource consumptions also declines
significantly. The key is that the management of Morrison’s has developed a complete and
absolute understanding of the variety of functional aspects and the multiple features of the IT
systems as well. This ultimately helps in optimising the information and flow of knowledge in
the company and also focuses on the product flow. The back office database which generally
involves all the comprehensive figures of stock in stores, the outgoing and inbound stock of the
company, the ratios of suppliers and providers in the company as against the functional features
of IT.

However, contradicting to the above statements, another research paper published by Le Tan and
Dai Trang (2018), focuses on the architecture integration of the electronic supply chain
management system and the operational qualities and functions of the company. The authors
have stated that although Morrison’s has focused and successfully implemented the variety of
techniques and features that relate to the electronic or digitalisation of the entire supply chain
method and its components but it is not the case with every organisation. For instance,
competitor of Asda was very late in understanding the importance of e- SCM and their delay in
adopting and integrating the entire components together. This analysis helps in indicating that the
overall practices of environmental scanning can help very efficiently in understanding the future
trends and how they can take timely decisions that will reward in a much better manner.
The concepts related to the different components of IT architecture in Morrison’s can be further
explained in detail in the next theme focusing on system integration of e- SCM in Morrison’s.
Theme 2: Implementation of e- SCM SI in Morrison’s
Serumena, Santoso and Kristyanto (2019), have illustrated that the first key component in the
integration of e- SCM in Morrison’s mainly pertains to the EDI interface. EDI contributes
immensely in the facilitation of partnership with the suppliers of the company and is broadly
categorised as the transmission of all the standardised business transactions between two or more
different computers or systems. The retailers of Morrison’s are able to contact with the suppliers
of the company directly where they even take the assistance of the third parties at various times
in order to facilitate transactions and their results.
Another research paper presented by Madhani (2016), highlights that EDI is an
accurately developed and implemented systems through which Morrison’s is able to gather all
the information and the transparency is also facilitated in the organisation altogether. Planning
and controlling of the inventories is one of the key features along with the facilitation of business
to business transactions and purporting all these on the customer databases only. However, the
authors also highlight that one of the prominent drawbacks of the system is that it does not
record or accept individual transactions that managers at Morrison’s might have entered into
with the other parties.
The second key interface as highlighted by Madzimure, Mafini and Dhurup (2020), is
RFID which simplifies tracking and record keeping of the products in the store where using a
tracking chip, the company is able to obtain information related to product even on a wider

range. Authors even emphasize the utility of the technique where they state that the
implementation of RFID technique yields fare more utilised results as compared to the barcode
method of technology. Different details related to product information such as its locality, size,
description, transportation etc. all pertain to the variety of different details that can be obtained
about the product just on a single click.
However, another research paper by Tennyson, Gong and Leite (2017), focuses on the
comparisons of the two different techniques of RFID and bar code system where while one is a
data exchange process and another mainly relates to the technique of scanning. Further where
RFID is mainly focused on the versatility of the systems and its productivity focusing on data
capture and that too in an automated manner, the technique of bar code which is also used by
Morrison’s pertains to the identification of the price and other detail associated with the product.
Overall authors have stated that in some contexts, implementation of RFID has solved many
hurdles but it has also brought repetition in those attributes which were being fulfilled very
easily.
The research paper by Priyadi (2019), focus on the Data Mining prospect of the company
i.e. Morrison’s where the interface assists in extraction of data in a very detailed and distributed
manner. It mainly facilitates the aspect of Customer Relationship management though online
integrations and data capture where both quality and quantity of transactions being entered into
with the customers is being evaluated. There are a multiple number of details which are captured
by the implementation of DM practices which helps in understanding the entire process of
customer journey in Morrison’s and the feedback that they have to give is also included in the
organisation.
Continuing on the discussion above, another research paper published by Hasanudin and
et.al. (2020), implies that the databases are very large and the technique of data mining helps in
identification of the required data very quickly and this technique is mainly used to keep record
of loyalty scores, frequency of visits by the customers etc. However, the authors also state that
POS is another aspect of data mining which is more supported in Morrison’s mainly due to the
fact that it facilitates the sale being made to the customers in the company directly rather than
maintaining a roundabout manner of details.

Theme 3: Use of SI in Morrison’s, its infrastructure and implementation benefits
According to Kamble and et.al. (2019), Si or the system integrators play a major role in the
supply chain management and this is considered to be the advantage of SCM. It is the most
important concept which focuses on the requirements of the customers by setting the core
company in the centre along with developing an integration between the suppliers, customers and
the distributors as a whole. It has now become a trend which is required by all the retailer
companies in UK including the Morrison. This became must for the retailer companies to
introduce and implement the concept and methods of SI. The Morrison also makes use of SI and
have faced many benefits after the integration.
Expanding the above points, authors Tönnissen and Teuteberg (2020), explored that this
can be implemented in the companies by developing close cooperation and systematic
integration with the top level enterprises or the upper enterprises. The retailers can use this for
improving the operation level, helps in reducing the costs and also benefit the customers as this
forces the company to improve the level of customer service. so, it can be considered as a close
alignment and the coordination with supply chain by using the shared management information
systems.
The process can be used as per the view of Caro and Sadr (2019), for System integration in
Morrison be initiated by selecting the specific vendors in providing the specific inputs and also
develop an agreement regarding the inputs to be provided. This helps in ensuring that the
company is having the materials which is needed to produce the output. The retailer companies
sign a contract with the large supplier of raw materials. This will provide the company with the
specific quantity of raw materials at specific times in a year by setting a particular price. This is
done by the companies at lower level of SI.
The higher level was elucidated by Camargo, Pereira and Scarpin, (2020), as the companies can
be integrated more closely. The supplier could build a plant or factory close to the production
department of the Morrison so that they can easily see the quantity of raw materials needed by
the company and can supply the same. This will help in meeting the sales demand more easily.
An even higher level was elaborated by Kamble, S.S. and et.al. (2019), which is also known as
the vertical integration. This happens when the Morrison plans to own the supply chain. This can
be possible if the Morrison could purchase one of the company of supplier of raw material so
that dedicated supply of the raw materials can be done. This benefits the companies like

Morrison as they can manager their inventories more easily. This happens because when
Morrison develops a close alignment with the supplier of raw material, then the company can
order the materials nay time and do not need to keep a stock of raw materials. The companies
need not have to purchase large stocks as well as manage the large quantities of raw materials.
Building blocks to the above points, the authors Jocevski and et.al. (2019), illustrated that
SI can help the retailer companies like Morrison to become more flexible and can be adaptable to
the different changing situations which is must for competing in this dynamic markets. The
scholar also identified that the main goals of the companies in adapting the SI is the reduction in
costs and waste along with minimizing the production and response time. This helps in
promoting the centralization for ensuring the enterprise-wise visibility.
The above benefit was also observed by the scholar Banerjee (2018), that by making the
use of SI, companies are able to increase the on-time delivery. This can be done by collaborating
across the organisation for optimizing designs which are used in the new product which
streamlines supply, operations and management. By integrating and aligning the supply chain,
the customer satisfaction of customers can be increased as the visibility from buyers to suppliers
increased. Also, the companies can move from having the team work for the cross-purposes for
sharing the information seamlessly which can lead to cross-operational visibility and
collaboration.
Furthermore, in the research papers published by Baruffaldi and Sternberg (2018), it was
mentioned that SI can help the companies to perform more sustainable operations as it helps in
eliminating the waste in the supply chain and also increases the agility which helps in allowing
the organisations for responding effectively to unpredictability. The scholar therefore, identified
that SI ensures that the supply chain is sustainable and achieves success in the long term.
Continuing on the discussion above, research papers published by Shee, Miah and et.al.,
(2018), implies that SI leads to higher profit margins. It is critical to maintain the supply chain
integrated for achieving success of the business. It helps in improving the processes of the
business and transforming the operations. In this case, the companies can also ensure the benefits
of SI by going few steps back and gaining deeper insights about the business goals.
Supporting the above points, the authors Zhong, Xu and Wang (2017), described that by
becoming flexible and getting rid of the waste helps the companies in lowering the costs. There
are many other things that helps including the team expertise. Also, the scholars evaluated that

system integrators are considered as the requisite strategy for the retailer companies like
Morrison who plans to remain competitive always and give a tough competition to its
competitors. This way the SI can benefit the Morrison as well its overall infrastructure. SI can
benefit the structure by paving the way for more profitable operations. That is why Morrison is
considered to be the leading alternative asset manager who invests in the infrastructure and the
property through private and listed markets both. This also benefits the infrastructure of
Morrison as the company is deciding to make its supply chain digitalized, SI claims to have the
technical chops to facilitate the company to oversee ambitious digital transformation which spans
the supply chain. The company Morrison is using the digital high resolution and the security
systems which are network based. MOBOTIX being the supplier which supplies the systems to
40 critical sites which helps the company and supports its farm to fork business strategies. This is
how, SI plays a significant role in when it is implemented in Morrison and how it supports the
infrastructure of the company.
Theme 4: Challenges in implementation of e- SCM
There are a multiple number of challenges that arise when there is need for integration
amongst the different components of e- SCM and for each component there are various research
papers which have been published addressing these very challenges only.
Authors, Le Tan and Dai Trang (2018), illustrate that the challenges brought on by
implementation of EDI are very significant mainly due to the fact that the setup cost of the entire
system is very high and there are a variety of participants which help in the better integration of
retail supply chain but it becomes very difficult to manage them and increase coordination and
communication between them. Further the alteration or modification in the existing business
systems before the implementation and integration of EDI in the company presents an enormous
challenge before the company altogether. These are some of the prominent challenges that arise
in the implementation of EDI practices and its integration in the Morrison’s.
Further, developing on the challenges, Birkel and Hartmann (2019), have illustrated that it is
not a feasible attribute because integrating the interface of EDI is a complex process where the
lack in proper knowledge and skills that are required for its integration in the system properly is
one of the biggest challenge. Further, there are multiple security concerns as well that arise for
the management at Morrison’s because there is a situation of loophole creation and this

ultimately leads to the threat to exposure and leaks of confidential data. Hence, implementation
of EDI presents a multiple number of challenges for managers at Morrison’s.
Discussing the challenges presented by RFID implementation, Malyavkina and et.al. (2018),
have identified that the RIFD is not an advanced technology and cannot be relied on solely. This
is because of the fact that the RFID only provides instant information about the products within a
specified range of area and when the Morrison’s stores are wider or large, this can create
problems. Additionally, the RFID system also strains the network that is being used to connect
the computers mainly because of the fact that there is continuous and enormous exchange of data
in the systems. This further present the security concerns as well because many times personal
transactions also take place on these systems and this is often a problematic situation for the
company.
Another challenge of RFID, as discussed by Erceg and Damoska-Sekulowska (2019), are
that although there are numerous benefits that arise in the implementation of the systems but yet
there is a concern of the entire system being outdated and this can even prove redundant for
Morrison’s in the longer run where the investment being made might not fulfil the returns that
are expected to create a balance between both. It can therefore be analysed collectively that
challenges presented by RFID in the digitalisation of supply chain management of Morrison’s
are very widely implicated and this often leads to the falsification of things that otherwise could
have been implemented with utmost transparency.
Finally, the challenges that arise due to implementation of data mining practices, as
illustrated clearly by Mahmood (2018), relate mainly to the scalability of the adoption of the
entire DM interface and tool. Further illustrating on the concepts established, data collected
through DM is very complex and the algorithms that have been developed for meeting the
requirements under this system can affect the overall security and protection given. Also there
are multiple purposes for which the database is used which can further create time consuming
process and one wrong entry can create consequentially drastic effects for the company.
Therefore, Morrison’s, in the implementation of its system integration towards the
implementation of e- SCM practices in the company does present a myriad of challenges but
there are multiple number of strategies that when implemented in Morrison’s helps in creation of
better prospects towards the facilitation of e- SCM.

CHAPTER 5: CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS1500
The dissertation was focussed on the e-supply chain management in the retailer companies
of UK such as Morrison. The aims and objectives were decided according to the main title which
was the influence of e-supply chain management on the supply chain and the management of the
company. The reason of doing the research was examined as the need off technology is
increasing day by day and in order to compete in the emerging and dynamic markets, the retailer
companies must make us of technology in all its operations. The retailers are totally dependent
on the supply chain as they have to get the raw materials from the suppliers and need to deliver
the products to the customers which helps them in getting success and much profitability. The
supply chain decides the quality of products and services as well as various operations of the
company. therefore, Morrison which is the fourth largest chain of supermarkets in the world
decided to integrate the technology in its supply chain and make it as e-SCM.
The company thinks that this can be the best strategy to compete with its competitors and
lead them. There are so many ways in which Marriott can implement the e-SCM strategies which
are critically evaluated in the research. the main focus of the research is on the benefits which
can be faced by the company after implementing the strategies of e-SCM. This will not only
affect the organisation as a whole but also help the employees and the workers working in
different departments as using the advanced technology can make the tasks easier to be
performed and also give many opportunities to the employees to learn new things.
The dissertation also described the significance of the research as the areas which will be
benefitted or helped by the research. It analysed that this will specially help in doing the critical
evaluation of the e-SCM regarding its effect on the supply chain management in Morrison. It
also evaluated that it can help the company to know the ways in which e-SCM will help the
company to perform various operations like manufacturing etc. Morrison will come to know
about the changes which can be brought by integrating the online system with its operations. The
main focus will be on the network system which will be used to implement the e-SCM in all the
operations of Morrison.
The rationale and significance were followed by mentioning the dissertation structure in
which all the chapters were described in brief as to what will be done in which chapter. This
gives an outline of the whole research which defines that the methods or the information used in
the research will be presented in which systematic format. This was followed by the literature

review which is considered to be the exploratory chapter in the research as all the searching is
dine through various different sources. In this literature overview, the opinions and views of
various publishers and authors were highlighted which helped the researcher to gain in-depth
insights about the emergence of e-SCM in the retailer companies of UK. Various themes were
made which helped in segregating such a broad topic into parts and to perform a deeper study
about each themes which were made according to the objectives of the research. The researcher
has gone through various books, journals, publications, blogs, articles and many more. The
emergence of the e-SCM was discussed in the literature review. It also describes the various
important operations in the retail companies in which e-SCM can be applied to make those
operations much effective. The various flows were described in this like product follow, cash
flow and the production flow which can be more effective by implementing the e-SCM in them.
This was followed by mentioning the contribution of e-SCM in the management practices of the
retail companies like Morrison, Tesco etc. This was further followed by highlighting the
challenges which the companies can face while implementing the e-SCM strategies in the
various management practices and operations. Therefore, the themes included the critical
evaluation of all the views of different authors and publishers. The research methodology was
chosen according to the topic which helped in gaining the significant findings. The chosen
methods and procedures were mentioned and described which were used in the study. the
qualitative type, interpretivism philosophy, the inductive approach and the descriptive design
was mentioned and described which helped in gaining deeper insight of the topic and reaching
the objectives. The data collection method was described which was the secondary source of data
collection in which the various books, journals, publications, articles were focussed in order to
gain the information. The ethical considerations and the factors of reliability and viability were
considered during the whole research especially during the data collection method.
The the data which was collected was analysed by thematic analysis in which various
themes were made to analyse the secondary data which was collected from various secondary
sources like books, journals, publications, articles etc. by using the themes. The themes focussed
on analysing the e-SCM strategies in Morrison and the architecture of information system. Also
it described the implementation of e-SCM System integrators in Morrison. Furthermore, the use
of SI was elaborated in the Morrison along with its infrastructure and the benefits of the

implementation of SI was mainly discussed. Also, the challenges were mentioned which can be
faced in the implementation of e-SCM policies in Morrison.
The themes of the data analysis helped in gaining deeper insights regarding the objectives of
the research. The System integrators play the most important role in the e-SCM. All the aspects
of SI were discussed in the themes which helped in gaining the significant outcomes along with
drawing optimal conclusions and results.
Recommendations
 The retailer companies like Morrison must make use of the cloud-based software which
can help it in tracking and managing the inventory in the real time. The main challenge in
the retail industry is to manage the uncertain consumer behaviour and complex supply
chains Ndraha and et.al. (2018). This can be solved by developing a supply chain
network and implement it in the cloud so that it becomes easy to track and respond to the
changes in demand in real-time. This will help in tracking the inventory as well as the
demand fluctuations. In thus way or by using this method, it becomes easy for the
retailers to adapt the things such as seasonal trends and the other fluctuations which are in
demand on fly.
 Morrison must make use of source tagging and RFID which can help in keeping a track
on the inventory as well as the stock levels. This is observed that that the awareness of
the volume and the merchandise location which is available across all the channels is
increasing. For this, source tagging can be used for managing the inventory as well as the
operations of the supply chain at all the levels which can also help in better business
decisions (Tu, 2018). So, the retailers must deploy a source tagging solution. This
becomes a simpler way along with more efficient which can help in delivering on the
customer’s promise. Also, the RFID enabled inventory and the source tagging to combine
with each other along with electronic article surveillance which is smarter and more
sophisticated. Which helps the retailers to gain real time insight in the supply chain.
 The retailing companies can become a part of a B2B e-procurement network which can
help them in predicting the disruptions in the supply chain and also motivate them to act
quickly for adapting the business processes. The retailers must not only be aware of their

suppliers but also the suppliers’ supplier which comes under the entire supply chain. This
will not only allow the retailers to move from responding to the risk but also predicting
the risk so that advantage can be taken and the company can get ahead of the disruption
of supply chain. The business networks and the technologies which are cloud-based
underlying them helps in the collaboration of efficient buyer and the supplier.
 The companies must ensure that the teams of marketing and supply are in sync because it
is important in the launching of promotion (Dinh 2016). For this, the company must
overlook the alignment of the supply and marketing teams. When the alert is given by the
marketing team, the supply team becomes aware that there is coming up a big promotion
and they decide in prior that the quantity of product needed and also the way in which
they can be shipped which helps in reducing or avoiding the disruptions or delays.
 The retailing companies must structure their workflows and try to process around the new
and advanced technology Vanpoucke, Vereecke and Muylle (2017). The supply chain
helps in reviewing the processes which are generally producing below standard which
can also help in determining the areas where the technology can improve the weaker
areas.
By following the above mentioned recommendations, the retailer companies like Morrison
can implement the e-SCM in better way so that less challenges can be faced with minimized
risks. This will help in improving the supply chain of the companies and also suggest them to
implement such strategies.

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