Machineries and brands

The provided assignment content discusses various medical machines and brands used in hospitals, with a focus on end-users' perceptions and attitudes towards using medical equipment. The text explores different models such as Technology Acceptance Model (TAM), Matching Person and Technology Model (MPT), and Extended Technology Acceptance Model (TAM 2) to analyze users' behaviors, preferences, and expectations regarding the use of medical devices. The content also presents figures illustrating these models, including a study on end-users' perceptions in KSA hospitals, highlighting issues faced by end-users when using medical equipment.

The End-users perception of Selective medical
equipments at Eastern Province at KSA for five
hospitals

Declaration of Authorship
I......declare that this particular dissertation has been prepared by myself and in my own
words. I confirm that:
 This particular work has been wholly done by me
 I have just consulted to the others work I have mentioned
 Also, I have acknowledged all the main sources from where help has been taken.

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
I am so thankful to all those people who are directly or indirectly involved in providing their
support in completing the thesis. Firstly, would like to thank almighty God who helped in trusting
by knowledge and conducting the activities in effective manner. Secondly, will take this opportunity
to thank by superior ( ) who continually guided and support me in clarifying and in conducting the
research. Further, family and friends are individuals who have given me encouragement, guidance
as well as much needed motivation so as to complete the current research study. Furthermore, I am
thankful to my team members who helped me in all possible accords. This led to successful
completion of dissertation and achievement of relevant results.

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
It could be evaluated from the study that it covers the factors which affect the end users perception
at Eastern Province at KSA for five hospitals. However, through attaining appropriate outcome,
questionnaire was developed and it was filled by 170 workers within five hospitals. Majority of the
hospitals does not maintain their machines and users are not at all satisfied with the type of services
that are get from these machines. Further, hospitals need to maintain the machines that is not done
and due to this, the rate of quality is getting negatively affected. One of the main issues with the
brand that is used by them was difficulty in making use of the machine.

Table of Contents
CHAPTER 1 - INTRODUCTION.......................................................................................................1
1.1 Chapter objectives......................................................................................................................1
1.2 Introduction................................................................................................................................1
1.3 Company profile........................................................................................................................2
1.4 Statement of the problem...........................................................................................................3
1.5 Aim of the study.........................................................................................................................3
1.6 Research objectives....................................................................................................................4
1.7 Hypothesis.................................................................................................................................4
1.8 Significant of the study..............................................................................................................4
1.9 Scope and limitation of the study..............................................................................................4
1.10 Expected contribution of the Study.........................................................................................5
1.11 Structure of the Study..............................................................................................................5
1.12 Definition of terms...................................................................................................................7
CHAPTER 2 : LITERATURE REVIEW.............................................................................................8
2.1 Research Objective....................................................................................................................8
2.2 Systematic reviews....................................................................................................................8
2.3 Summary..................................................................................................................................11
2.4 Contribution of the literature review to the project.................................................................18
2.5 Chapter summary.....................................................................................................................18
CHAPTER 3 METHODOLOGY: Summary of the Empirical study.................................................20
3.1 Research Objectives.................................................................................................................20
3.2 Summary and critiquing of the Empirical study......................................................................20
3.3 Highlighting the major factors of the appropriate research framework across studies or
authors............................................................................................................................................21
3.4 The contribution of the literature reviews to the research.......................................................26
3.5 Summary..................................................................................................................................27
CHAPTER 4: PRESENTATION OF DATA EMPIRICAL STUDY..................................................28
4.1 Chapter Objectives...................................................................................................................28
4.2 Theoretical Framework............................................................................................................28
4.3 Conceptual Framework............................................................................................................30
4.4 Operationalization of the independent variable and dependent variables...............................32

4.5 Instrument for collection data..................................................................................................34
4.6 Target population.....................................................................................................................36
4.7 Sample criteria and sampling size...........................................................................................36
4.8 Methods for data analysis........................................................................................................37
4.9 Reliability testing.....................................................................................................................37
4.10 Validity Testing......................................................................................................................38
4.11 Ethical Issues.........................................................................................................................39
4.12 Chapter summary...................................................................................................................40
CHAPTER 5: ANALYSIS OF DATA................................................................................................41
5.1 Chapter Objectives: -...............................................................................................................41
5.2 Introduction..............................................................................................................................41
5.3 Strengths and Weaknesses of the empirical study...................................................................41
5.4 Demographic Characteristics...................................................................................................42
5.5 Analysis of Survey Questions:.................................................................................................46
5.5 Results of the main independent variables..............................................................................57
5.6 Chapter Summary....................................................................................................................59
Chapter 6: Discussion and Interpretation of Findings........................................................................60
6.1 Chapter Objectives...................................................................................................................60
6.2 Statistical Analysis and inferencing.........................................................................................60
6.3 Analysis of Survey Question....................................................................................................63
6.4 Analysis of Demographic data.................................................................................................63
6.5 Comparing results to other similar studies..............................................................................69
6.6 The implication of the results of the organization...................................................................69
Chapter 7 Conclusions, Implications, and Recommendations...........................................................71
7.1 Overview..................................................................................................................................71
7.2 Summary..................................................................................................................................71
7.3 Contribution to the body of Knowledge..................................................................................72
7.4 Result Limitations....................................................................................................................72
7.5 Recommendations....................................................................................................................72
7.6 Conclusion...............................................................................................................................74
7.7 Suggestion for further studies..................................................................................................75
REFERENCES...................................................................................................................................76
APPENDIX 1.....................................................................................................................................78
APPENDIX 2.....................................................................................................................................78

Questionnaire.................................................................................................................................78

List of Tables
Table 1: Dependent Variables.............................................................................................................33
Table 2: Short keys.............................................................................................................................78
Table 3: Dependent variables.............................................................................................................80

List of Figures
Figure 1: Technology Acceptance Model (TAM)...............................................................................13
Figure 2: Matching Person and Technology Model (MPT)...............................................................15
Figure 3: Extended Technology Acceptance Model (TAM 2)...........................................................17
Figure 4: Enduser perception in KSA hospitals.................................................................................23

CHAPTER 1 - INTRODUCTION
1.1 Chapter objectives
In accordance with this section, it covers the background information of the research topic.
Further, it enables to determine the research problem associated with the objectives that are being
set. More specifically, it introduces that use of machineries that are used to diagnose patients. Study
limitations, scope, problems faced by end users, etc. will be discussed.
1.2 Introduction
From human factors perspective, the development of high quality and well-designed medical
equipment’s are taking place in medical field (Garmer, Ylven and Karlsson, 2004). The reason of
evaluation is providing good treatment to the end users and deliver well being to the community.
Increase number of diseases in society attracts the attention of medical professionals and it leads to
development of safe and usable medical devices. At present time, the end users perception towards
medical equipment’s has changed with the time. Perception of the service users describing how
customers views services and products of a firm (Ghulam Sarwar Shah and Robinson, 2006).
Ultimate aim of any hospital is to make sure that they understand their patients and deliver them
with proper services so that they will be able to overcome the type of issues or problems related
with health can be resolved. In order to deliver high quality services there are different type of
machineries that are used by these firms so that they will be able to diagnose the health related
issues. When a person visit hospital to diagnose the problem, then there are different type of test
that are recommended by the professional and for this purpose there are machineries that are helpful
to conduct these tests. For this purpose, it requires individuals who are able to perform the work
related to operating of these machineries. There are issues that are faced by them in which one of
the main reason for concern is related with change or improvement in technology. This is a type of
issue due to which all the functions that they were using previously got changed and this creates
issues in order to make use of the machineries in an effective manner. Similarly, there are other sets
of problems that are faced by end users that will be discussed in this research. In order to
understand and to develop steps for completing the research, there are considerations made to
develop aim and objective. Further, the focus is made in order to understand the perception of end
users towards medical equipment’s. For this purpose, there are about 5 hospitals that are taken into
consideration. With this respect, it includes: KFMMC, KFUH, KFSH, DAMMAM Central Hospital
and Al Mowasat Hospital. There are different type of machineries that are being used by these
hospitals and they have used these brand in order to make proper diagnosis for the health related
issues that are faced by patients. These type of brands includes GE, Mindray, Philips, Siemens,
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Covidien, etc. All the hospitals make sure that they understand the requirements of patients and
deliver them with high quality services so that they are able to deliver adequate care.
Conceptualization of end users influences their behaviour and it ultimately affects profitably of care
organizations. In Eastern Province at Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA), hospitals are using different
medical equipment’s to diagnosis of diseases and provide care according to it.
1.3 Company profile
As stated above, there are five different type of hospitals that are included in this research
among which these are helpful enough to make sure that current research can be achieved. All these
hospitals are located at Saudi Arabia and their company profile of these 5 hospitals are as follows:
KFMMC: King Fahd Military Medical Complex is one of the modern type of hospitals.
There have all different type of medical equipment’s that are helpful enough to cover all the
diseases for which diagnosis is required. Further, it consists of different type of departments like
Speciality clinics, vascular surgery, kidney transplants, Nephology, etc. Further, there are facility
like helicopter services in which at the type of emergency transfer is possible. More specifically, it
is located at Dhahran city and it consists of all the requirement of the patients. Main aim of the
hospital is to deliver high quality health services to individuals who have physical issues and
specially people injured during war. Further, they conduct health related education programmes in
order to develop understanding of people related to diseases.
KFUH: King Fahd University Hospital, it is located at Khobar. This hospital was founded in
the year 1981. One of the main purpose of this firm to provide students with proper training so that
they will be able to deliver patients with high quality services. There are conditions in which it is
identified that in medical practise there are different type of mistakes that are made by practitioners.
In order to eliminate it with high extent, this is a type of practise that is made by this firm with the
help of which they aim at eliminating the issues or problems that are faced by practitioners. Further,
they have 440 beds and 4 floor building. Each of the flood works for different type of patients and
this hospital was established to deliver three different type of services which are: Curative services,
researches and teaching services.
KFSH: King Fahad Specialist Hospital Dammam is considered to be one of the most
important project in relation with health. This is a new hospitals and still it has focused on
developing strong impact over others and raising their performance. This is done by maintaining
their quality of services and delivering individuals to overcome their health related issues. Main aim
of this firm is to make sure that they deliver patients with high quality services and in supporting
them to overcome the issues. Further, they operate their business with an aim to be one of the most
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leading and excellent service providers for health related issues.
DHC: Dammam Central Hospital focus on supporting individuals so that they will be able to
prevent diseases and to promote understanding towards healthy living. It was founded in the year
1972 and it has about 451 beds. Further, goals of this firm is to deliver healthy living for the people
so that they will be able to stay healthy and perform their set of work in effective manner. Further,
the type of medical equipment’s that are being used by this hospital is highly advanced and they are
able to diagnose all type of health related issues. Moreover, there are principles that are set by them
in which it includes involvement of community. They aim at conducting health related programs
that enables to develop understanding the people so that they can take up appropriate steps through
which they can protect themselves.
Al Mowasat Hospital: This hospital was founded in the year 1967 and is located at Kuwait.
They have always focused on understanding the type of issues that are patients and steps are taken
so that they will be able to overcome them. It has about 27000 square meters of space and hold up
to 100 beds. With time there are many changes that are made in this hospital and they make sure
that proper steps are considered by the management so that the rate of performance can be raised
and high quality can be delivered.
1.4 Statement of the problem
End users are integral part of every industry and their perception help in development or
modifications in existing services. Many of the organizations are taking several steps to understand
the opinion of the services users so that they can bring the improvement in their product or service
(Money and et.al., 2011 ). Similarly, in health and social care, hospitals are using numerous kinds of
medical equipment’s such as mobile X-Ray, endoscopy unit, caughtary unit, defibrillator machines,
ultra sound unit etc. These machines are using for diagnosis of diseases of end users. The
satisfaction level of the end users with medical equipment’s has affect the services of hospital of
Saudi Arabia (Jorge and et.al., 2012). The deviation of customer perception from offering services
of care centres is causing a serious problem in today scenario. Therefore, it has important to know
about the service user perception towards some medical outfits so that healthcare service providers
can modify and deliver good care services to the patients.
1.5 Aim of the study
“To critically analyse the end users perception of medical equipment at Eastern Province at
KSA for five hospitals”: A case of Saudi Arabia.
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1.6 Research objectives
 Understand the perception of medical user towards medical equipment’s.
 To understand the different aspects of end users perception at Eastern Province at KSA for
five hospitals.
 To explore the factors which affect the end users perception at Eastern Province at KSA for
five hospitals.
 To compare the end users perception of medical equipment’s for five hospitals of Eastern
Province at KSA.
 To suggest the strategies to improve end users perception on medical equipment’s at Eastern
Province at KSA.
1.7 Hypothesis
1. End users are satisfying with medical equipment’s at Eastern Province at KSA for five
hospitals.
2. End users are not satisfying with medical equipment’s at Eastern Province at KSA for five
hospitals.
1.8 Significant of the study
The given research study holds significance for all hospital of Saudi Arabia for assessing the
end users perceptions towards medical equipments in order to take using service decisions (Medina,
2003). With the help of it, the health care organizations can understand the different factors which
affect the perception of the customers as well as their buying behaviour. Along with this, the
hospitals of Eastern Province at KSA determines the opinion and viewpoints for medical
equipment’s services of service users. Therefore, it has important to identified and measure
consumer perception towards the medical equipment’s facilities (Alemdar and Ersoy, 2010). On the
other hand, the learning from the following study also hold significance for hospitals and care
centres of other nations that wish to make or conduct a survey on identified end users perceptions of
medical equipment. With the help of this, they will able to improve their medical services and
satisfying them.
1.9 Scope and limitation of the study
The following study will related to identify the end users perceptions on medical
equipment’s at Eastern Province at Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. The future scope of the present
investigation is very wide (James and et.al., 2006 ). This study is conducting for hospitals of Saudi
Arabia by including five medical equipment’s which are mobile X-Ray, endoscopy unit, caughtary
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unit, defibrillator machines, ultra sound unit. In the future, this research can be used by the other
researchers for different country hospitals. Along with this, by considering one medical equipment’s
of care centres, the end users perceptions will be determined (Babulak, 2006 ).
On the other hand, the researcher will face some limitations during conducting the
investigation (Garmer, Ylven and Karlsson, 2004). The first boundary will availability of less
previous researches on determine the end users perceptions on medical equipments with respect of
Saudi Arabia. This will create a difficulty for the scholar to gather the information on the particular
issue. Second limitation is it will hard to compare end users perception on medical equipment’s of
five hospitals. It will affect the findings of the investigation (Ghulam Sarwar Shah and Robinson,
2006). Rather than this, the other limitations that will face by the researcher are lack of experience,
lack of time, require huge amount of money to conduct the survey etc.
1.10 Expected contribution of the Study
When this study will be conducted, it will enable to determine the type of issues that are
faced by end users. There are different type of consideration that has to be made so that they will be
able to perform effectively and efficiently. Further, there are different type of roles and
responsibilities that has to be played by end users. However, when these roles are not being
performed by them in effective manner, then it becomes issue for the firm. Further, this study will
contribute towards taking proper decision by the companies with the help of which the rate of
quality that they were contributing can be delivered. This research will enable to develop steps that
will focus on solving the type of issues that are faced by end users in order to operate medical
operations.
1.11 Structure of the Study
The present research study will related to identify the end users perception on medical
equipments at Eastern Province at KSA for five hospitals of Saudi Arabia. Therefore, the structure
of current investigation is as follows.
Chapter 1 : Introduction – This chapter will deliver the information of background of the research.
It will include small description of end user perceptions, medical equipment’s and service users
perceptions of medical equipments (Garmer, Ylven and Karlsson, 2004). In addition to this,
introduction chapter will describe aim, objectives and hypothesis of study. Beside this, significance
of the research for the others, its scope as well as limitations of the study will also define. At the end
of following chapter, a complete structure of dissertation such as research-methodology, literature
review, data analysis and conclusion will mentioned (Ghulam Sarwar Shah and Robinson, 2006).
These all subsections will help the researcher to identify the end users perception of medical
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equipments at Eastern Province at KSA for five hospitals of Saudi Arabia.
Chapter 2 : Summary of Literature review – The following chapter will deliver a complete
overview of conducting the research. It will summarize and access what has already been written in
the areas of end users perception for medical equipment’s. For the study, the different sources of
information will take into the consideration such as books, journals, articles, newspapers etc. The
statements and research of different authors in favour and opposite of end users perception on
medical equipment’s will include by the researcher in literature review.
Chapter 3 : Methodology: Summary of Empirical Study – The chapter will define various
methodology that will used under the following study by the researcher (Bordens and Abbott,
2002). Research approach, strategy, data collection method, research design etc will include under
research methodology section. The justification of selection of all kind of research methodologies
by the researcher will also give under the following chapter.
Chapter 4 : Presentation of Data Empirical Study – This section of dissertation help in justifying
the approaches which will used by the scholar during the research. The aspects will cover under the
following chapter are conceptual and theoretical framework, instrument of data collection, sampling
technique, target population, methods and tools of data analysis, reliability and validity test as well
as ethical considerations (Cochran, 2007 ). The analysed data will be represented by the scholar in
various forms such as table, figures, charts etc.
Chapter 5 : Analysis of data – Here, the methodological tools will applied by the researcher to
identify the end user perception on medical equipment’s at Eastern Province at KSA for five
hospitals of Saudi Arabia. Along with this, the questionnaire will be analyse by the investigator with
respect to the aim of the study (Creswell, 2013). Different kinds of analysis tools will used by the
researcher to analyse the collected data and meet the objectives and aim of the study.
Chapter 6 : Discussion and interpretation of the findings – Under the following chapter, the
researcher will interpret the outcomes. Along with this, the main key points of the analysis will be
draw out by the scholar and prove the hypothesis (Csikszentmihalyi and Larson, 2014). Beside this,
the results of five hospitals will compare and determine perception of end users on medical
equipments at Eastern Province at Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
Chapter 7 : Conclusion, implications and recommendations – This chapter will cover the
meaningful conclusion according to the findings of data analysis and discussion sections. In
addition to this, some recommendations will also give by the investigator with the respect of change
in end users perceptions on medical equipment’s at Eastern Province at KSA for five hospitals of
Saudi Arabia (Daniel and Sam, 2011).
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1.12 Definition of terms
The present research will based on identify the end users perceptions on medical
equipment’s at Eastern Province at Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. In this regards, the different terms
will be used by the researcher during addressing the study which are as follows.
End user perception: It is refer to a process by which a service user select, organize and interpret
the various information with the purpose of creating a meaningful picture for a specific brand
service or product (Money and et.al., 2011). It the other words, end user perception defines how a
consumer view a particular commodity on his own opinions. Perception of the service users may
deviate from what is offering by a service provider to the community. The relationship between the
companies and its customers is not always based on prices and quality of the services (Jorge and
et.al., 2012). At the time of buying the services of a health care organization, a services user
evaluates the benefits of a particular service and compare it with other firm’s products. It leads to
bring the changes in the perception of the end users. Therefore, it has important to understand the
reasons behind change in customer perception with respect of healthcare services.
Medical equipments : These are used for particular purpose such as diagnosis and treatment of
diseases, rehabilitation during injury etc. It can either use alone or with the combination of other
accessories. Medical equipment’s are generally implantable and not easily disposable (Medina,
2003). It is used in the prevention and treatment of illness as well as measuring or correcting the
function of body.
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CHAPTER 2 : LITERATURE REVIEW
2.1 Research Objective
Literature review is a short summary of the research papers that include the various
information of similar study topic. It is considering as a secondary sources of information which a
new experimental work is not required. It includes important information of the sources that assist
the new researchers to carry out entire investigation in appropriate manner. The major aim of
conducting a literature review for a research paper is to develop a new arguments so that it can be
easy to meet the objectives of the investigation. It works as a foundation for new study and support
for a new insight that a scholars wants to contribute during the research. The focus of literature
review is to summarize and synthesize previous ideas, opinions, arguments etc without adding new
information. It provides a handy guide to the new researchers for their study topics. In the case of
limited time to organize research than literature review can be taken into the consideration. In this
situation, it gives an overview of various previous studies, articles etc so that an investigator can
conduct his study in more appropriate manner. The present research is to identify the end user
perceptions of Selective medical equipments at Eastern Province at KSA for five hospitals. In the
following literature review chapter, the various similar studies on the study topic will be consider
and a systematic review of all of them will be done. Along with this, it will also find that the
whether the take previous literatures findings, methodologies, aim and objectives etc. are suitable
for current investigation or not.
2.2 Systematic reviews
a. ) Use of medical equipment’s in Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
In Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, there are various types of medical equipment’s use in its
different hospitals with the aim of providing good treatment of the disease as well as well-being of
the community. With the time, medical industry start to introduce different medical equipment’s and
technology. The healthcare system of KSA can be divided in national healthcare system in which
the government provides healthcare services through a number of government agencies. The private
sector participation increases with the time in the provision of healthcare services. By seen the
history of KSA, it has found that in 1949 , the number of medical staff was about to 111 doctors and
less than 100 hospital beds. From the duration of 1949 to the 2015, the Kingdom has made huge
advancement in the health care sector. The number of doctors has multiplied 25 times. In this
context, the use of advance of medical equipment’s within the hospitals has also raised by 30 time
as compare to previous time. But the perception of end users regarding them have varied because on
their past experience or other people experience.
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b. ) Previous studies on end user perception regarding use of medical equipment’s
Being healthy is an important part of human being life. In order to downcast end users
perception regarding the medical equipment’s during the treatment vary according to the nature and
characterization of people. Researchers within BMC has been acknowledged that E-Health is an
important information sharing tool in healthcare management across the world. It is developed with
the application of Information and Communication Technology (ICT) with the aim of supporting
health to improve the efficiency and effectiveness of healthcare management and information
delivery. E-health has potentially improved healthcare services and reduce professional isolation
from workplace. It enables healthcare professionals to access end users information and optimize
health interventions results. The positive attitude of healthcare professional towards e-health, they
have learned the new skills to use information and communication technology tools.
The title of the article is Knowledge and attitudes of doctors towards e-health use in
healthcare delivery in government and private hospitals in Northern Uganda: a cross sectional study.
In this context, the objective of the study is to determine the relationship between healthcare
professional’s attitudes towards e-health, level of ICT skills and e-health use in healthcare delivery
in government and private hospitals in Northern Uganda. For conducting the following
investigation, the researchers were use cross sectional survey design as a methodology. For
sampling, 68 respondents were selected which has medical doctors. Three government hospitals and
four private hospitals of Northern Uganda participated had in the study. The instrument for
collecting primary information has pretested self-administered questionnaire prepare. For analysis
of collected data and get the outcomes, SPSS software version 19 was use.
From the investigation of collected data, it was observed that 39 out of the 68 respondents
i.e. 57.4% use computer for information storing and sharing of patients. On the other hand, 29 out
of the 68 respondents i.e. 48.5% use internet for storing and sharing of information. Along with this,
from the observation, it has clearly found that many of the healthcare professionals had positive
attitudes towards e-health concept. The level of skills which had required to operate e-health and
other ICT tools in healthcare professional was moderate. But, attitudes toward e-health concept did
not make any kind of contribution in predicting the more or excessive use of e-health.
The findings of the analysis suggest that there is a need for hospitals management to
strengthen e -health services in healthcare services delivery in Northern Uganda. Along with this, it
can be summarized that there is a need of complete integration of healthcare systems of Northern
Uganda.
Medical equipment’s design for diagnosis, treatments and monitoring of diseases and
complexes medical conditions. With the up-gradations in technologies, it is also important to
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continuously educate healthcare professionals. For example, in the pastime, mercury
sphygmomanometers use for diagnosis but now in the present time, it replaces by mercury free
devices. It denotes development of technology in medical area. From the trends, it has found that
healthcare professionals stills trust on old medical equipment’s and use them to diagnosis,
treatments and monitoring of diseases. So, it is important to motivate healthcare professionals and
change their perceptions regarding the use of new medical tools and equipment’s as well as increase
their knowledge level. Another research was conducting by the researchers within College of
Pharmacy, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates. It was based on Knowledge,
Perception and Attitude of Pharmacists, Nurses and Doctors about Home Care Medical Devices in
Sharjah and Ajman, UAE.
The title of selected article for systematic literature review is Knowledge, Perception and
Attitude of Pharmacists, Nurses and Doctors about Home Care Medical Devices in Sharjah and
Ajman, UAE. The following research was some objectives in which to gauge perception and
knowledge of targeted HCPs on the risk, usage, benefits, issues and perception on difference
between new and older medical equipment’s.
For carrying out the investigation in the right direction and to achieve the research
objectives, a cross-sectional survey design was use in terms of methodology. A questionnaire was
prepared by considering 34 medical equipment’s items. The responses were developed by
considering five point scale. The respondents were select for the experiment was nurses, doctors
and pharmacists community practices in Ajman and Sharajah. A sample size of only 300 out of 170
participants responded and complete entire survey. For analysing collected data, SPSS tool was use
by the researchers where Chi Square test was applying to determine any significant difference
between respondent’s responses regarding on a specific questions in the questionnaire.
The response rate was 44.5% because 89 questionnaires were return out of the 170. Because
of this, it can be assume that either healthcare professionals of Ajman and Sharajah are really very
engaged or not interest to take a part in the study. Majority of the participants were responded in a
positive aspect towards the questions. This shows that HCP's is good practice for the patients. Along
with this, the evidence defines that many of the healthcare professionals like to use computerized
devices for treatments of the disease and diagnosed.
From the following study, it has concluded that the knowledge, perception and attitude of
Pharmacists, Nurses and Doctors about Home Care Medical Devices has needed to be change. It is
also suggesting that the healthcare professionals should use different computerized medical
equipment’s for diagnose and treatments of the patients and deliver good care services to them.
New innovation and advancement in technology bring the expansion and growth in medical
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industry. Introducing new medical devices help in good treatments of the diseases and deliver right
as well as quality healthcare services to the end users. But at the time of implementation of these
new innovative devices in healthcare organizations, various challenges face. For evaluating the
impacts of the challenges, an optimal method has required. For this, subjective and objective
techniques can be used. Both develops a base for the assessment of the introduction of new medical
devices within the healthcare organization. In this context, the researchers conduct an investigation
on interaction between objective performance measures and subjective user perceptions in the
evaluation of medical devices.
Another study which has been considered by the researcher for systematic literature review
is Interaction between objective performance measures and subjective user perceptions in the
evaluation of medical devices: A case study. The objective of the study is to determine the
interaction and concordance between objectives and subjective evaluation of new medical devices.
On the other hand, for carrying out the investigation, the researchers were use both objective
performance measures and subjective user perceptions for the assessment of a new medical
technology which has designed to improve the accuracy of gravity assisted in delivery of
intravenous fluids and compare it with the present and most widely use roller damp devices. A
comparative analysis was use for objective and subjective evaluation.
From objective assessment for the accuracy of intravenous fluid delivery, it has found that
there is a no difference between the two devices. On the other hand, subjective assessment shows
that new medical devices are more efficient and accurate as compare to old techniques. This lack of
concordance can be explained by using both demand and device characteristics.
From the above results of the following investigation, it can be said that there is a significant
discordance between both subjective and objective assessment process. Along with this, it has also
found that there are some reasons which are required to be consider at the time of adoption of new
medical devices without any objective evidence of benefits. The persuasive design has helped in
controlled the evaluation process and help in changing the perceptions of users regarding buying or
implement new medical devices with in the healthcare organization. It has also minimized the risk
and associated cost of purchasing of new medical equipment’s at premature introduction.
2.3 Summary
From the above systematic literature review of three different articles, it can be summarized
that these have created a base of conducting the present investigation on the basis of this. In this
context, the first article is relating to Knowledge and attitudes of doctors towards e-health use in
healthcare delivery in government and private hospitals in Northern Uganda: a cross sectional study.
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The objective of this study based on determine the relationship between healthcare professional’s
attitudes in the direction of using different e -health ICT tools. Along with this, it findings defines
that doctors have positive attitude towards this medical equipment’s. So, the following article will
help the researcher in his new study because it meets first and fourth objectives of the investigation
in effective manner.
On the other hand, another research was based on Knowledge, Perception and Attitude of
Pharmacists, Nurses and Doctors about Home Care Medical Devices in Sharjah and Ajman, UAE.
The objective of this study was to understand perception and knowledge of various healthcare
practitioners on both older and new medical devices. On the other hand, the finding describes that
healthcare professionals needs to develop good knowledge for using new medical devices by having
positive attitude. For the present study that is relating to understand the end users perceptions on
medical equipment’s, the following article will be helpful. The reason of preferring this is it helps in
understanding the perceptions of healthcare practitioners during the use of both old and new
medical devices. It will meet first, second, third and fourth objectives of the investigation in very
well manner.
Beside this, the article which has selected for systematic review is Interaction between
objective performance measures and subjective user perceptions in the evaluation of medical
devices: A case study. The objective of this is to compare objective performance and subjective
perception of the end users during the use of medical devices. The findings of these articles
represents that there is a significant discordance between objective and subjective assessments. So,
its results and other theoretical aspects will help the investigator to carry out its present research in
the right direction. The given article will help in achieve two objectives of present study which are
understood perception of medical users towards medical equipment’s and compare end users
perceptions regarding medical tools which are using in five hospitals of Eastern Province at KSA.
But there are some main limitations of the previous studies. All three have mostly focused
on analyse the attitude and knowledge of healthcare professionals towards the medical knowledge.
In the simple words, it can be said that the past researches emphasized on those end users who have
already a positive perception regarding the use of medical equipment’s. Therefore, the negative
perceptions of the customers related research has not considered for systematic review. Further, the
previous studies limited their scope to an examination of other medical devices like X-Ray,
endoscopy unit, caughtary unit, defibrillator machines, ultra sound unit etc. In response to this gap
in literature, the following study use some research models. The theoretical framework of these
models related the present paper is explaining in next section.
12

Technology Acceptance Model (TAM)
From the area of research on information system, there are various theories available to
explain the relationship between determinants that affect technology acceptance. The common
elements that affects technology acceptance are perception, attitudes, actual systems and beliefs. In
this respect, TAM is most widely use model in the field of information system to measure
technology acceptance level of the users. It develops on the basis of theory of reasoned action
(TRA). The following framework assist in motivating the users to adopt new technology by
explaining three concepts: perceived ease of use (PEU), perceived usefulness (PU) and behavioural
intention (BI) to use of information system. Both PEU and PU are beliefs which impact on intention
of use of technology.
The present study is relating to identify the end users perception of medical equipment’s at
Eastern Province of KSA for five hospitals of KSA. For proving the hypothesis and objectives of
the research, TAM model has used. According to this model, there are some external factors such as
user interest, beliefs, attitudes, perceptions etc. It has affected the perceived usefulness (PU) and
perceived east to use (PEU). With the respect of the present study, both PEU and PU are come
under beliefs that impact of perception of the end users regarding the use of medical equipment’s in
hospitals. The combination of both of them defines the attitude of the users towards the use of
equipment’s. These have determined intention to use of medical devices by the end users such as
safety, easy to use, high resolution, better information about the diseases, easy to diagnose the
illness, provide good treatments to the patients etc. The terms after the use of TAM mode for the
present study are as follows:
13
Figure 1: Technology Acceptance Model (TAM)
(Source: Babulak, 2006)

External factors : Interest, beliefs, attitudes, perceptions etc.
PU : End users
PEU : the degree to which an individual expects no physical and mental difficulties regarding the
use of medical equipment’s
A : Positive or negative attitude towards using medical devices
BI : Use of medical equipment’s
So, as per the above stated terms, TAM framework for the present study will be as follows:
Matching Person and Technology Model (MPT)
MPT is an organizational framework to assess and recommend successful use of different
types of technology for various people according to their conditions like disabilities, school,
workplace, education purpose, performing daily activities, for healthcare etc. In other words, it can
be said that with MPT model is a good tool analyse the needs of the person by considering the
characteristics of him and motivate him to adopt the technology according to it. From the given
below figure, it can be easy to understand the application of MPT. Under this, the following
framework has divided into three section protocol or questions, instruments and purpose.
14
External factors:
Interest, beliefs,
attitudes,
perceptions etc.
PU: End users
PEU: the degree
to which an
individual
expects no
physical and
mental difficulties
regarding the use
A: Positive or
negative attitude
towards using
medical devices
BI: Use of
medical
equipments
Actual use of
system

The present investigation is based to determine end user perception regarding the use of
medical devices at Eastern Province of KSA for five hospitals of KSA. With the analysis of MPT
model, assessment can be classified into three parts: protocol or questions, instruments and purpose.
In protocol section, some questions can be considered such as why is medical device needed, how
will they use, what these will help etc. On the other side, in instrument segment, the question can be
user’s environment and medical equipment’s, medical devices and its featured end user might
prefer, user’s characteristics and preferences regarding use of medical equipment’s. In purpose
section, the information can be related to evaluation to understand end user perception for medical
devices, match the characteristics of uses with equipment’s features etc. On the basis of this, MPT
model for the present study will be as follows:
15
Figure 2: Matching Person and Technology Model (MPT)
(Source: Money and et.al., 2011)

Extended Technology Acceptance Model (TAM 2)
The expanded model includes subjective norms as a casual antecedent of perceived
usefulness and as a predictor of intention to use a technology system. In subjective norms, it has
consisted two different social force's voluntariness and image which influenced PU and BI. On the
16
Matching person
and technology
Protoc
ol
Instrumen
t
Purpose
User
s’
envir
onm
ent
aequ
ipme
nts
matc
h the
chara
cteris
tics
of
users
Eva
luati
on
end
user
perc
epti
on
Ot
he
r
pu
rp
os
e
medic
al
device
s and
its
feature
d end
user
might
prefer
users
charact
eristics
of
medical
equipm
ents
Wh
at
thes
e
will
help
how
will
they
use
why
is
medi
cal
devic
e
need
ed

other hand, the following model is four cognitive instrumental processes that are job relevance,
output quality, result demonstrability, and perceived ease of use and these influence PU.
For the present investigation that is related to the find end user perception regarding the use
of medical devices at Eastern Province of KSA for five hospitals of KSA. On the basis of TAM2
model, it can be said that subjective norms define that a perception of an end users has different
from the other users regarding the use of medical equipments. It is a link between subjective norm
and BI because the users have different opinions when they have use same medical devices for the
same purpose. On the other hand, voluntarisms defines as the extent to which end users believe an
adoption of perception for a particular medical equipment’s. Along with this, the social process
element i.e. image shows as the extent to which a user believes that technology of medical devices
only increase status of the healthcare organizations of KSA. Image is positively influence by social
norms because if the healthcare practitioners of hospitals believe in medical devices and know
about its usefulness then equipment’s use will change their perception as well as its end users.
17
Figure 3: Extended Technology Acceptance Model (TAM 2)
(Source: Ghulam Sarwar Shah and Robinson, 2006)

2.4 Contribution of the literature review to the project
As per the findings, it is identified that all the articles and journals that are considered in the
chapter are highly benefited as they were helpful enough to deliver develop understanding for
current research. The research that are conducted previously are covered in such a way that enable
to make the preference for the current research. As per the research, it is identified that patients
expect to have high quality services and to make sure that they are able to reduce the negative issue
that are faced. Further, it is important to make sure that the care is effectively made and all the type
of issues is not being conveyed to professions who are not included in the care of patients. Further,
it requires one to maintain proper confidentiality so that patient will develop trust and confidence
for the services that are delivered to them. Further, changes in technology take place frequently and
when changes are made then the type of impact which is negative is one the people who operate the
medical equipment’s. Another type of issue which is identified is related with the lack of
understanding for the roles and responsibilities that has to be performed by end users. When they do
not perform their task which is provided to them, then they are not able to make proper diagnosis
for the health related issues that are faced by patients. Further, one of the effective steps that should
be considered by management of the hospital is to monitor the end users or the workers so that they
get to know the areas in which improvement is required. This will help to overcome the problems
that are faced by them and in enhancing the understanding for the skills that they should possess to
operate the medical equipment’s.
2.5 Chapter summary
In accordance with this chapter, it can be stated that there are different type of similar topics
that are covered by various researchers. In accordance with the findings, it can be stated that there
are many issues that are faced by end users in order to operate the machineries. When time the there
are many types of diseases that has occurred and to make diagnosis of these diseases it is important
to make sure that there is proper consideration made by management of the hospitals so that they
will be able to develop proper quality of services . With this respect, when the rate of requirement
increases, then changes are made by hospitals in context with machineries or the medical equipment
so that the rate of sanctification can be raised. With this respect, changes in technology creates
issues in order to operate the machineries. The type of information and knowledge that end users
have is not favourable enough to operate the technology in an effective manner.
Further, there are many improvements that are made by hospitals considering the problem
that are faced by clients. Further, there are many companies that deliver these hospitals with
medical equipment’s. The type of functions that are used by each of the brand is different and it
18

becomes issue for the management find end users who will be able to operate them effectively. For
this purpose, it is identified that proper training should be provided so they these employees will be
able understand the functions that has to be used through which all the different type of test can be
operated effectively and efficiently.
19

CHAPTER 3 METHODOLOGY: SUMMARY OF THE EMPIRICAL STUDY
3.1 Research Objectives
Overview of the methodology will be provided in this chapter of different procedure and
field study. This is done by defining the use of methodology and by identifying the populations and
it characteristics. Further, it also covers the ways through which data will be collected and designed.
In the previous chapter different literature review were analysed and this is effective enough to
make sure that the research can be conducted in an effective manner. In addition to this, overview is
provided of statistical methods and application procedures. This is helpful enough to extract and
process meaningful data.
3.2 Summary and critiquing of the Empirical study
The portable x- ray machine is not only concerned with aiming and shooting but there are
many other factors that are needed to considered when using a portable x-ray machine in medical
practice. There are many challenges that are faced by both end users and healthcare professionals
while recording the pictures of various body organs (Berkhout and et.al, 2015). In general it is
noticed that there are many plates present in the cassettes but one size cannot be fitted in all the
disc. Majority of x-rays are conducted on chest and abdomen and the typical cassette size of any
portable x-ray machine is 14” x 17”. On contrary to this the portable unit has a plate size that
measures the size of 16” x 16”. Unfortunately it is noticed that all the patients and end users do not
have same lungs size. In such conditions the care providers in the hospital has to record another x-
ray. This is due to irregular size of lungs in all the individuals. As the portable x-ray machine is
transferred from one place to another in the hospital it is very common to encounter infections every
day. These infections are increased due to increased percentage of MRSA (Methicillin-resistant
Staphylococcus Aureus) and C. diff (Clostridium Difficile) which readily can produce infections
and pathogens (Pryss and et.al, 2015). Although the rate of causing infection due to contamination
has been consistently decreasing but there is more need to prevent infections so that spread of
diseases is controlled.
Apart from portable x-ray machine endoscopy unit is also one of the machines that is used in
hospitals to visually examine organs of the body without producing any type of incision on the
particular organ. This is less fearable for the patients and practitioners can effectively make
determination of the problem that is being faced by the patients. Thus, proper cure can be given to
the patient with greater effectiveness. An endoscope is fitted with a lighted camera so that a clear
view of various infections or potential problems can be determined with ease (Yang and et.al,
2014). It helps a healthcare professional on focussing on a specific area so that damage, tumour or
20

cancerous part is detected. End users has various perceptions regarding the use of endoscopic unit
because it is like any other surgical or medical procedure which can cause bleeding and infection.
Hence, it is the responsibility of all the healthcare professionals to ensure that patient is not
undergoing any type of trauma or pain during the endoscopy process. Major complications that
occur in service users while undergoing the process of endoscopy are chest pain, damage to the
internal as well as the external organs which can also be followed by organ perforation (Yang and
et.al, 2012). Consistent fever and headache after the procedure. Endoscopic process can also lead to
persistent pain in the area where endoscopy has been conducted. Redness and swelling can also
occur where incision has been created. The type of risk depends on the area where endoscopy has
been conducted. For example dark coloured stools, vomiting and difficulty in swallowing food
indicates that there is a dis-abnormality in colonoscopy (Shung, 2015).
Ultrasound is one of most important machines that is used in all the clinical settings
including obstetrics and gynaecology, cardiology and cancer detection. Major disadvantage of using
ultrasound is that it can detect various potential problems without any type of radiation. It is also
much more easy to be conducted as compared to X-rays. Ultrasound can be used in obstetrics and
gynaecology so that size of the foetus can be determined (Rajan and et.al, 2013). It should also be
able to detect position of foetus because if is not in the right position than it can cause severe
complications during the delivery of the child. It should also be able to detect the number of foetus
that are present in the uterus. In most of the cases is also used to detect sex of the baby if the genital
area is clearly visible in the ultrasound procedure. It should also be able to measure the foetal
because in many case due to various complications it is noticed that the foetus is not able to grow
properly. Hence, ultrasound can be used to make measurements of the foetus in the uterus. Further
this procedure is also used in cardiology and urology (Shiina and et.al, 2015)
3.3 Highlighting the major factors of the appropriate research framework across studies or authors
With advancement in medical field there has been considerable changes that has taken place
so far in Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. KSA has started adopting various equipment’s that is capable of
providing effective care services to all the patients in KSA (Garmer, Ylven and Karlsson, 2004 ).
The healthcare system is basically subdivided in national healthcare systems which is responsible of
providing all the basic health and medical care facilities to service users in KSA. Earlier when KSA
was not able to access various healthcare facilities they were not able to provide different services
so that diseases can be cured. But with advancement they started using major and minor surgical
and medical equipment’s so that they are able to diagnose different illness and abnormalities present
in various patients. In late 50s KSA did not have more number of medical staff members and
21

healthcare professionals which caused decline in healthcare services and facilities which were
provided to patients (Ghulam Sarwar Shah and Robinson, 2006). But in late 70s KSA started
investing it financial resources in enhancing the hospital and medical based services by purchasing
and updating new equipment’s and machineries. This led to enhancement in medical field and
improved the medical services. Earlier in late 50s the number of doctors and other healthcare
professionals were less than 100 and number of beds in the hospitals were not more than 75. Due to
this patients were not admitted and they had to provide them with hospice care. This decreased the
reputation of hospitals in KSA and changed the perceptions of end users who were assessing their
services.
But after the 70s the number of doctors and physicians increased to a considerable number
(Bordens and Abbott, 2002). However, the end user perceptions regarding the healthcare services
have not changed due to experience. Hence, it is required to develop a strategy which can change
the end user perceptions in a positive way so that they are able to use the healthcare services
efficiently. Various research studies have stated that earlier it was very easy to retrieve the
information about any patient from the hospital which became the issue of concern later on. This
situation was not acceptable to any of the users and patients and other service users started
developing negative perceptions about the healthcare facilities and services which was provided to
them (Csikszentmihalyi and Larson, 2014). Majority of the patients were not ready to get treated in
hospitals because the staff members were not able to provide confidentiality and privacy to all the
service users. Later on as KSA noticed that there has been a gradual decrease in medical health
services they started adopting various technologies and methods so that they are able to secure all
the information of patients and service users. Information and communication technology was
adopted with the aim of supporting health to improve the efficiency and effectiveness of healthcare
management and information delivery. Through this only authorized person were able to get access
to all the important information related to patients and other staff members. In another studies it was
evaluated that even after having stable economy, KSA was not able to adopt effective and updated
machineries because they did not have healthcare professionals who can satisfactorily handle all
those equipment’s for medical use (Berkhout and et.al, 2015). This was one of the reason which led
to declination in healthcare services. Although KSA was equipped with all the advanced facilities
but due to lack of skills and knowledge they were not able to provide efficient services to all the
service users. But as soon as they realise that they require more healthcare professionals to address
different needs and requirements of patients they started hiring more physicians and doctors from
nearby middle east provinces of Sharjah, Kuwait, Dubai Muscat and Oman.
As soon as they hired more number of healthcare professionals their medical services also
22

improved and they started providing more effective services to all the patients in KSA (Pryss and
et.al, 2015). The newly appointed doctors and health physicians were aware about the procedures
and process that was needed to operate various machineries and equipment’s. This helped in
addressing the needs and requirements of all the patients in a successful manner. Hospitals were
also able to provide diagnostics procedures and treatments for various diseases such as Cancer,
Diabetes and other chronic ailments. These step gradually started changing the perceptions of
individual in KSA (Yang and et.al, 2012). The end user perception gradually changes with the
advancement in machineries and equipment’s that are used in hospitals. For example if the hospital
will provide better services to all the customers and service users than automatically all the service
users will develop an optimistic thought about the service but on other hand if the services and
facilities which are provided to all the service users and patients are not satisfactory then it will
automatically decrease the reputation and image of hospital of the KSA (Garmer, Ylven and
Karlsson, 2004).
Earlier there were no medical advancement and techniques to perform diagnosis and other
23
Figure 4: Enduser perception in KSA hospitals
Source: (Yang and et.al, 2012)

treatment to all the patients from different parts of the world. This created issues in providing
effective care to the patients. But as time passed the hospital in KSA started adopting the method of
forming collaboration with other hospitals so that they can get better services and facilities. For
example they started maintaining relationship with Muscut, Kuwait, Dubai, Oman, Sharjah and
many other provinces in Middle East. This helped them in innovating various techniques that can
help in treating all the service users more effectively. More and more people started relying on the
services and care that was being furnished in KSA hospitals (Ghulam Sarwar Shah and Robinson,
2006). Moreover, the patients also started recovering fast from their ailment because they were
being supervised by trained healthcare professionals, nurses, GP surgeons and other paramedical
intern. The infrastructures of KSA hospitals was a major issue of concern because of the desert
region. Hence, it became very necessary for them to adopt an infrastructure style which can
accommodate more number of patients in the hospital. By the end of 2010, KSA was equipped
enough to introduce many medical services and facilities which were lacking in the hospital before
2010 (Money and et.al., 2011). This not only improved the services and facilities to patient but it
also increased the sense of satisfaction in service users that they are being provided with effective
care services.
To understand or determine the end user perception in east province of KSA a detailed
research and study was conducted so that they can understand the level of development that has
taken place in KSA hospitals. In that study, the service users who were exposed to new devices and
equipment’s after the advancement were interviewed (Alemdar and Ersoy, 2010). Based on the
interview it was revealed that 39 % of the total service users in KSA were completely convinced
with the services which they have received. But many service users also stated that there is still
needed to bring about advancement in medical equipment’s so that they can perform other activities
effectively. Based on the earlier studies conducted in KSA it was certain that all the hospitals in
kingdoms of Saudi Arabia did not contain all the machineries, techniques and tools which can
diagnose various diseases (Bordens and Abbott, 2002). For example endoscopic machineries,
radiology and X-ray machines were not present and this created major issue in diagnosing different
diseases. To provide this service the patients were taken to other hospitals so that they can be
diagnosed. On other hand if they were not able to make proper arrangement about the diagnosis
then they would give alternative treatment so that the patient can be relieved of pain
(Csikszentmihalyi and Larson, 2014). But after the government of KSA realised that there is an
immediate need of implementing advancement in medical services then they adopted various
strategies so that they can provide the best quality care services to all the service users in KSA. As
such would act as an aid in bringing improvement in the health outcomes of the patients to a
24

significant level. The development in tools is significant as the patients can be cured within minimal
duration of time. This has important role in bringing better health results. It is being assessed that in
past decades there was absence of medical advancement and tool for performing diagnosis as well
as other treatments to all the patients from varied parts across the globe. This has resulted in
creating issues in offering proper care to the patients. However, with the passage of time the
hospital with KSA has begun to adopt the tool regarding formation of collaboration with different
hospitals so that better services and facilities can be offered to a significant level.
In order to summarize the review that is given in literature review, the main variables related
in accordance with the current research and the marked blocks determine the name of researchers
that covers the variables. Below given are the comparison table:
Researcher(s) ERP
Post-
Implem
entation
ERP
Assessm
ent
ERP
Effective
ness
Balance
scorecar
d
Financia
l
Benefits
Custo
mer
Benefit
s
Learnin
g
&
Growth
Interna
l
Process
es
Garmer, Ylven
and Karlsson,
(2004)
* * *
Ghulam
Sarwar Shah
and Robinson,
(2006)
* * *
Bordens and
Abbott, (2002)
* * * *
Csikszentmiha
lyi and Larson,
(2014)
* * * * * * * *
Alemdar and
Ersoy, (2010)
* * * *
Ghulam
Sarwar Shah
* * *
25

and Robinson,
(2006)
Yang and et.al,
(2012)
* * *
Csikszentmiha
lyi and Larson,
(2014)
*
Pryss and et.al,
(2015)
* * * * *
Berkhout and
et.al, (2015)
* * * *
Bordens and
Abbott, (2002)
* * * *
3.4 The contribution of the literature reviews to the research
Several investigation have been carried out that presents that there was easy to attain data
relating with any patients from the hospital. This is regarded as the major trouble. Such could not be
acceptable as this affects the privacy of the patients to a greater extent. With this the trust among the
patients began to lose. Thus, this presents that negative perception is being built among the patients
which affect the sales and profitability of the hospital to a greater extent. There is presence of
greater number of patients who were not ready to attain treatment within the hospital as the staff
members were not having ability to offer privacy and confidentiality to all the users of services.
Along with this KSA determined that there is greater decline within the services that are being
offered by the medical health services. They began to make utilization of varied technologies as
well as methods in order to secure all the data related with the patients as well as users of services.
It has been gained that in order to bring improvement within the health services the hospitals are
making efforts to utilize information as well as communication technology. It aims at offering
support to health for bringing improvement in the effectiveness as well as efficiency of the health
care management as well as delivery of information to a greater extent. With this the authorized
person would be able to attain access to certain essential information that relates with the patients
and other members of staff. In various studies it can be evaluated that though there is presence of
stability within the economy KSA is not able to make adoption effective and updated machineries
26

as they did not possess professionals of health care who have adopted effective as well as updated
machineries. This is due to the reason that they do not have professionals of health care who can
handle all the equipment’s for the medical use.
Medical field now having so many advanced techniques into their practice, doctors are
changing their treating styles because of the advancement in the medical line. So many changes has
been taken into consideration by Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. Various medical equipment’s has been
taken into practices by professional in KSA to provide patients effective health services. National
health care system is providing medical facilities and services to service users in KSA. Earlier the
equipment’s were not so much advanced to provide good health care treatment to patients so that
KSA was not able to provide treatment of so many diseases. But as advanced technologies, major
surgical and medical equipment’s are in the sector so professional diagnose various diseases and can
cure such abnormalities in patients.
As in late 50' s KSA was far away from the medical equipment’s and even less number of
doctors, professionals were there to treat patients. But in late 70' s it has started investing in medical
field and so many skilled doctors, nurses were hired by it and also so many medical equipment’s
purchased by organization to provide effective care to their patients and to save their lives. Earlier
less number of beds were available in the hospitals so many patients were nit eve able to admit in
service centres. Reputation of hospitals has been decreased in KSA and it decreased the beliefs of
patients from health services. Earlier there were only 120 professionals in the field and even approx.
70 beds were in the hospitals. Patients were not getting proper treatment. With the advancement in
medical equipments and techniques now KSA is able to give satisfactory health services to suffered
persons and so many diseases now are able to cure by professionals.
3.5 Summary
The present research adheres to both qualitative and descriptive approach. In accordance
with the technique selected, this can be termed to be non-random, this is because all the participant
who involved as randomly selected. More specifically, there are about 300 sample size that is
determined. This data can be derived from five different hospitals. Further, there are different type
of validity and reliability rationales that has to be included so that appropriate research can be
conducted. For the establishment of adequate triangulations, multiple research strategies and
techniques related to data analysis is included. There was different type of evident sources that are
used in order to gather secondary information.
27

CHAPTER 4: PRESENTATION OF DATA EMPIRICAL STUDY
4.1 Chapter Objectives
In accordance with the current research, main aim of this investigation is to understand the
perception of processional who can be determined as the end users of the equipment’s that are used
by them to deliver proper services to patients (Bordens and Abbott, 2002). As per the findings, it has
been identified that there are major gaps between subjective and objective assessment. So as that to
carry investigation in a right direction, it requires other aspects which will help the present research
to be conducted in effective manner. This chapter focus on justifying the approaches through which
the research is conducted. More specifically, it aims conducting the research with the help of
descriptive quantitative study. With this respect, proper examination will be made in which proper
justification will be made with the help of which research questions will be answered. Information
will be provided in which the sources that are being used by the research to collect data are used.
Further, the reason for selecting this particular sample and the different reasons for which the
sample will be effective enough to come up with an appropriate outcome for current research.
Further, there are different type of questions that asked with the sample and this chapter will justify
the reasons for which these questions were asked. In the previous chapter there were different type
of research method adopted which helped in conduct the research effectively and efficiently. As per
the findings, it has been identified that, these medical tools are using by Eastern Province at KSA.
In the current research, there are two major and different type of objectives that has to be achieved.
First is to understand the perception of professionals towards medical tools and second is to
compare end user perception regarding these equipment’s which is mainly used by five hospitals of
Eastern Province at KSA (Csikszentmihalyi and Larson, 2014). Given report will help in achieving
the two objective of present study. In this chapter, there are different parts that will be covered. With
this respect, first part is related with conceptual and theoretical framework and other research
approaches. Other part is related with analysis made for each of the research questions. Further, it
includes validity and reliability of the research. Lastly, it includes ethical issues that are raised in
conducting the research.
4.2 Theoretical Framework
Literature review conducted was helpful enough to develop a strong base and developed
effective understanding about the topic. First article determine the knowledge and attitudes of health
professionals towards e-health (Garmer, Ylven and Karlsson, 2004). There are different areas that
are to be considered. In this context, it includes behaviour of doctors towards patients. More
specifically, it includes doctors of private and government hospitals in Northern Uganda. Main
28

objective of the study is to determine that health care professionals attitude have strong relationship
with e-health ICT tools. For such type of medical equipment’s, Doctors have different type of
optimistic behaviour and attitude. With the help of these equipment’s and tools, healthcare
professionals are able to deliver adequate services to patients. Further, it has been identified that
professional suggest various type of test in which instruments are involved in order to raise the
profit margin. In order to make use of various tools it is important to spend money by the client. In
this context, by making patients use different equipment’s that profit margin increases. These
equipment’s provides support to health professionals for treating their patients well (Ghulam Sarwar
Shah and Robinson, 2006). There are different type of services that are delivered by health care
organizations. These are done in order deliver clients with proper services and to operate these type
of tools it requires professional who will be able to handle them and deliver high quality services.
With this respect, it is being identified that these end users are not able to maintain proper services
and this is due to lack of understanding for the machineries that are being used. It is essential to
make sure that management understand the issues that are faced by these professional so that they
will be able to make use of the machineries. There is negative impact that is faced by the business
when these professional are not able to use the services. The rate of patients who were visiting
earlier will not visit. For this purpose, proper monitoring should be made so that the rate of
performance can be done and they can understand the use. Further, there are also conditions in
which changes in technology have negative impact over the business. When technology is updated,
then the end users are not able to make use of the services. First and fourth objective of the
investigation has been successfully done that's why this article will be helpful for the researcher in
his new study.
Use of medical equipment’s in Kingdom of
Saudi Arabia
Previous studies on end user perception
regarding use of medical equipment’s
Technology Acceptance Model
(TAM)
Matching Person and
Technology Model (MPT)
Extended Technology
Acceptance Model (TAM 2)
29
Analysing the end users perception of medical equipment at Eastern Province at KSA for five
hospitals
Machineries and technology that are used in hospitals

Lack of proper training Frequent changes in technology Difficulty in understanding functions
4.3 Conceptual Framework
Through conducting the research it helps in identifying the perception and attitude of care
professional, nurses and other care workers regarding home care medical devices in Sharjah and
Ajman, UAE. However, main purpose of carrying out the study was to analyse that how much
knowledge was obtained by health care professionals regarding traditional and modern medical
devices. Further, it also helps in understanding the level of knowledge and attitude of health care
professionals regarding the same (Money and et.al., 2011). Through carrying out the study it was
being identified that health care workers were having less knowledge regarding new equipment’s
and thus they need to develop knowledge so that they can effectively use the new medical devices
and develop positive attitude towards them. In the current study, it helps in identifying that the
perception of users regarding new medical devices and its impact upon their health. Through
carrying out the following article it helps in assessing the impact of medical devices upon the health
of users. Such article helps in attaining four objectives in an effective way (Alemdar and Ersoy,
2010). Article helps in reviewing the perception and attitude of health care professionals, doctors
and nurses so that they can understand the use of old and new medical devices.
However, the previous study was having certain drawbacks and therefore, it is essential for
care professionals to undertake effective care practices and thus overcome the deficiency faced by
end users. Also, the three articles are discussing about knowledge, perception and attitude of
medical professionals regarding using the medical devices while carrying out their practice (Pryss
and et.al, 2015). Also, it has been observed that health care professionals were having positive
reaction and attitudes towards the medical devices. However, the research does not focus upon the
negative perception of customers towards the medical equipment’s. While, the previous researches
were limited to the understanding of different medical devices such as X-Ray, ultra sound machine
and endoscopy etc. (Yang and et.al, 2012). Here, care users are the main respondents and while the
article does not involve the perception of customers which was required to be involved because
medical professionals already possess optimistic perception towards such medical devices. When
patients are involved, then it becomes favourable enough to raise the depth of the research and thsi
way the rate of reliability can be raised.
Further, it has been assessed from the study that there is a huge gap in the research and
therefore, in order to overcome such gap it is essential to involve research models. With the help of
30
Issues faced by end users

such theoretical framework it helps in explaining the next section of the study. However, Ministry
of Health hospitals in Saudi Arabia has recently undertaken a separate health information system in
regard to reflect the efforts that has been made by the government so that information could be
communicated to care providers and users (Pryss and et.al,2015). While, studying the different
aspects of health care services it has been assessed that out of 35 care organizations 5 major care
homes were chosen that possess electronic medical record system and however they were using
such system from past five years. In the recent time, Saudi Arabia has been aiming to prioritize the
development of health care services in regard to meet the needs of care users and provide them
appropriate services.
It can be evaluated that earlier when these care homes were not so equipped with innovative
technology and provide proper health care services which helps them to improve their reputation
and satisfaction level of customers. However, through improving the technology it helps in raising
the performance of organization and provide better care and support services to users (Shung,
2015). There are different studies that helps in conducting in regard to determine the perception and
attitude of consumers regarding the medical devices in order to enhance the functionality and
advantage (Rajan and et.al, 2013). However, in July 2009 a cross sectional study was conducted in
regard to provide evidence so that it helps in carrying out the study upon structured questionnaire
and thus use Likert scare in order to identify the responses of health care professionals that they
agree or disagree upon the fact (Garmer, Ylven and Karlsson, 2004).
Further, the care users and care professionals working in five different hospitals were
selected in regard to being interviewed. However, descriptive data analysis technique is being used
in order to analyse the responses and thus obtain desired results. In order to perform the study
effectively following are the hospitals which were undertaken such as Hera General Hospital (H1),
Makkah city, (317 beds), King Abdul Aziz Hospital (H2), Ta'if city, (691 beds), King Fahd Hospital
(H3), Jeddah city, (840 beds); Maternity and Child Health Hospital (H4), Jeddah city, (390 beds);
Alnoor Specialist Hospital (H5), Makkah city, (627 beds), and King Abdul Aziz Hospital (H6),
Jeddah city, (559 beds) (Ghulam Sarwar Shah and Robinson, 2006).
As per the data that is determined through investigation, it has been identified that there are
both negative and positive outcomes regarding the equipment’s that are used at hospitals by
different healthcare professionals of KSA (Rajan and et.al, 2013). Ultimate aim of any healthcare
firm is to make sure that all the patients get satisfied and they could overcome the issues that are
faced by them. In accordance with the findings, it can be determined that services and care
providers were satisfied as the equipment’s does deliver adequate services and also improves
healthcare conditions of patients in KSA. On other hand one of the biggest innovation of all times in
31

KSA was the incorporation of electronic monitoring record system which helped in maintaining the
record of the hospital (Garmer, Ylven and Karlsson, 2004). However, there were many physicians
who were not satisfied with the developments. Further, it also includes some of the patients who
were not satisfied with the development. However, it is helpful for sharing information among staff
members with higher effectiveness as compared to any other development. Moreover, it can also be
recommended that studies should be conducted in Makkah region in order to make proper
evaluation of end user perception, it will enable to provide wider range of understanding towards
this topic. This will help in determining the demands and requirements which needs to be fulfilled
in order to increase the satisfaction level of all the end-users in KSA (Ghulam Sarwar Shah and
Robinson, 2006). These studies can be reviewed in future so that the government of KSA is able to
focus on healthcare department and its development. This will also help in changing the perception
of people from negative to positive so that better care services can be provided to them.
4.4 Operationalization of the independent variable and dependent variables
In accordance with the discussion that has been made according to research objectives and the
type of hypothesis that has being identified, investigator has aimed to identify the critical analysis of
end users perception towards the medical equipment at Eastern Province at KSA for five hospitals.
Objectives have reflected that there is a direct relationship between different end users perception
and performance of the medical equipment’s of five hospital. Further, according to the personal
assessment and literature, it can be determined that issues, usage, risk and benefits all are
independent factors of medical equipment’s. These factors highly influence the end users that are
the healthcare professional both in positive and negative manner. With this respect, these factors are
also known as independent factors. Further, other factors are known as dependent factors for the
32

current research. There are about 170 samples that are considered for this process. All the samples
are selected to be end users of the machineries. There are different type of issues that an individual
can face but this can only be identified when one they make use of it. With this respect, as per the
type of research that is identified, it can be stated that appropriate information can be gathered as
those end users are selected who make use of the machineries within health care. All the questions
that are developed in the questionnaire is in such a way that it is helpful enough to make sure that
the current research developed can be performed effectively and efficiently. All the different type of
issues or the type of strategies that can be implanted by the firm can be stated. This way the rate of
performance can be raised. When compared with other samples like Doctors or patients, they will
not be able to provide proper information as they do not have enough experience when compared
with end users.
Table 1: Dependent Variables
The dependent variables Related Questions from the
Questionnaire
The source of
information
Respondents information
What is your Nationality? Garmer, Ylven and Karlsson,
(2004)
Which age groups you belong to? Garmer, Ylven and Karlsson,
(2004)
What is your education background? Garmer, Ylven and Karlsson,
(2004)
What is your Hospital Name? Garmer, Ylven and Karlsson,
(2004)
Experience of
respondents
How many years of work experience
you have?
Garmer, Ylven and Karlsson,
(2004)
How long you have worked with your
current hospital?
Garmer, Ylven and Karlsson,
(2004)
Which of the following medical
machines you handling?
Garmer, Ylven and Karlsson,
(2004)
33

Machineries and brands
Which Brand of the medical machine
currently you use?
Garmer, Ylven and Karlsson,
(2004)
Do you think that machineries used in
your hospital are helpful for diagnose
or treatment patients?
Garmer, Ylven and Karlsson,
(2004)
Are you able to save your time by
using machinery in hospital?
Garmer, Ylven and Karlsson,
(2004)
Does all the machineries properly
maintained?
Garmer, Ylven and Karlsson,
(2004)
Issues or problems
What are the reasons for dissatisfied
due to use of machineries?
Garmer, Ylven and Karlsson,
(2004)
The reason for you select this brand is: Garmer, Ylven and Karlsson,
(2004)
Describe your relationship with the
Brand Agent:
Garmer, Ylven and Karlsson,
(2004)
What is the main problems you have
been faced for the brand support:
Garmer, Ylven and Karlsson,
(2004)
4.5 Instrument for collection data
Collection of data can be determined as an important aspect that is helpful enough to obtain
figures and facts regarding the perception of end users about medical equipment’s. There are
number of methods for obtaining facts and figures such as primary and secondary data collection
methods. In which, primary data collection methods plays important role in getting new and fresh
information about the research subject. There are different type of strategies with the help of which
primary data can be attained. With this respect, it includes interview, questionnaire, etc. On the
other hand, secondary data collection tools plays very significant role in collecting past and
historical data form all those studies which have already conducted from other researcher on similar
subjects. There are different type of sources with the help of which secondary data can be collected.
With this respect, it includes books, journals, articles, etc. In order to conduct the research in an
34

effective manner, investigator has made use of both secondary and primary data. More specifically,
with the help primary data, researcher is able to know and understand the perception of end users
for the equipment’s that are used at hospitals. Further, it also provides the opportunity to know
perception of each of the end users with the help of primary tools. In order words, for the reason
that, primary data collection tools is effective for getting current information by which author can
easily understand the perception of end users about the medical equipment’s. So, researcher has
decided to conduct primary research on end users of medical equipment’s at Eastern Province at
KSA for five hospitals. On the other hand, secondary information has helped in getting appropriate
insights to understand the research problem of the current study. There are many researches that are
conducted by other researchers on similar topic. The data that is provided by them on their research
will help to develop understanding and learning with the help which current research can be
conducted.
In order to gather primary data, investigator has made use of both two different methods from
primary data collection and they are interview and questionnaire. It is effective enough to conduct
the survey in an effective manner. Author has decided to conduct online survey of every participants
using structured questionnaire. It has included open and close ended question about the research
objectives which will help in resolving research problem by getting appropriate conclusion. With
the help of this type of method, it enables to determine the understanding towards the type of
perception that healthcare professional have towards the equipment’s that are being used. On the
other hand, author has also conducted telephonic interview of some end users using the same
questionnaire which has helped in getting information of those end users which cannot access
internet facilities. One of the disadvantage is that there are cases of miscommunication if the
researcher do not understand or respondent does not understand the questions. Overall, author has
used cost effective strategies for collecting facts and figures in effective manner. More specifically,
there are five hospitals within Dubai is considered. All these orders have workers who are highly
professional as they years of experience that they have is high and so that information that will be
provided by them will enable to make sure that the research questions can be achieved. There are
about 170 samples that are taken. They will helpful to provide proper information and the problems
that are faced by them in order to operate the machineries. This research will enable to support these
healthcare firms so that they will be able to develop steps with the help of which the problems or
the issues that are faced by them can be solved.
Further, to gather secondary information, researcher has considered different books, articles
and journals that are helpful enough to finding out related articles that help in coming up suitable
outcome for the current research. In order words, author has used a systematic review of literature
35

in which author has been chosen number of research articles on similar subject. It has helped in
getting appropriate insights to understand research subject in appropriate manner. Research can only
be performed in an effective manner. When the researcher have proper information’s related with
topic. When the depth of information is low, then it becomes problematic to present the data in an
effective manner. However, with the help of secondary data which is already being gathered by
some other researcher will be helpful enough to develop in depth understanding for the current
research topic.
4.6 Target population
In order to conduct the research in an effective manner, those end users are considered who
have made use the medical equipment of five hospitals. Further, perception of people have been
evaluated in order to get appropriate outcome for the research. When five different hospitals are
considered, then it becomes helpful enough to know the best one that are generally preferred by
customers. However, people prefer to make sure of services that are being effective enough to
overcome the problems that are faced by them. In order words, target population help to know the
evaluation and the perception of each of the healthcare professional towards the medical
equipment’s that are being used in hospitals. All the hospitals are well known and these firms make
use of different type of strategies in order to make sure that they develop patient’s proper services.
The rate of target population considered is high. There are five different organizations that are
selected by the investigator. All these firms have different type of preference and way of working.
This way, the rate of outcome that will be gathered by the questionnaire developed will enable to
come up with appropriate outcome.
4.7 Sample criteria and sampling size
As the sample size is high so it becomes difficult to make proper evaluation of the data. In
order to conduct and to make proper evaluation, it is important to select sample size so that the
research findings can be determined. End users of five hospital were considered as research
population so, researcher has decided to use appropriate sampling technique to select a suitable
sample. There are different type of sampling techniques that can be used by the researcher.
However, of the effective method that is used is probability sampling method. As per this method,
researchers ha used different number of tables and diverse set of equal chances for each of the
respondent that has being selected. It also reduces sampling error which has helped in improving
validity and reliability of research results. The Sample size that will be selected is 170 in which
author will select 40 participants from each hospital. In order words, data will be collected from all
170 professional and those among all 20 will be selected with the help of probability sampling
36

method. This sample size will be perfect because it has helped in determining characteristics of
entire research population. In the questionnaire, there are information that is provided related with
the type of qualification that the end users have. This way it can be stated that these type of
information will deliver understanding about the reliability that can be made for the outcome that
will be identified. Further, there are many individuals among the sample size who have also done
their PhD for the same. When questionnaire is finned up by these individuals, then the reliability of
the data can be raised. Further, there are different sources that can be considered through which the
questionnaire can be delivered to target population. The main aim of this research is to consider the
services that are delivered to patients is of high quality and to make sure that the issues or problems
that are faced by them can be solved.
4.8 Methods for data analysis
As it was stated above, investigator has used both secondary and primary data so as to
collected relevant information for the current research. In order words, according to the discussion
make by author both primary and secondary data collection methods for collecting facts and figures.
Further, it can also be determined that both numeric and subjective information are being chosen for
the current study. With this respect, it can also be determined that statistical and thematic analysis of
the collected data. In order to get numerous information, author have made use of statistical
analysis. For this purpose, investigator has also used SPSS software for analysing these
information’s and has testing hypothesis. Correlation, regression and chi square test have been
applied by researcher for conducting current study. On the other hand, thematic analysis is a helpful
method in which the data that was collected with the help of questionnaire from each of the
respondents has been evaluated and analysed so that perception can be known. Thematic analysis
has been used by researcher for analysing subjective information. It includes themes, graphs,
diagrams and charts for analysing information. It has helped in resolving research problem in
theoretical manner. In addition to this, it makes the data collected in a systematic manner. This is an
important part as it conveys the information in a presentable manner. Further, there are different
type of strategies that can be used by research with the help of which the collected data can be
presented effectively and efficiently. With this respect, SPSS is an effective tool that is being used
by the research to make sure that all the questionnaire that is collected can be proper analysis and
evaluation. Further, there are different type of test that are conducted with the help of SPSS. All
these test will enable to make sure that appropriate outcome can be determined.
4.9 Reliability testing
Reliability Testing can be determined as a measure for consistency. In order to measure an
37

object for number of times with the help of same instrument, it is important to find out the same
score each of the time and that also with no or little error. After the findings, it has been identified
that the reliability test has come 0.8, then the test can be reliable. This test make use of formula that
is helpful to make sure that appropriate outcomes can be determined. The reliability test provide
adequate information through which the data collected can be relied or cannot be relied. With this
test conducted it can be stated that the reliability 0.080, this shows that the test conducted can be
relied.
Case Processing Summary
N %
Cases
Valid 170 100.0
Excludeda 0 .0
Total 170 100.0
Reliability Statistics
Cronbach's
Alpha
N of Items
.080 15
4.10 Validity Testing
Validity of the data is one of the important aspect which helps in attaining aim and
objectives in effective manner. For testing these aspects author has been decided to use two
different tests which can be easily applied on primary research data using SPSS. For checking
reliability of the data researcher has applied Cronbach's alpha because is used as a (lowerbound)
estimate of the reliability of a psychometric test. On the other hand for testing validity of the data
researcher has been chosen Pilot testing which help in understanding the validity of the data.
Further, the questionnaire was shown to supervisor and different type of areas were identified in
38

which improvement was required. With this respect, all the considerations that were provided were
followed and this was helpful enough to make sure that general error that were made was solved.
4.11 Ethical Issues
In order to conduct a research it is important to consider research ethics which is determined
to be one of the major requirement of every research. For the current investigation author has been
chosen primary and secondary data collection methods that are helpful enough to gather relevant
information. So for both secondary and primary information that is being gathered requires proper
research ethics to be considered. At the time of primary data collection author has decided to secure
personal and confidential information of end users and five hospitals. It helps in resolving ethical
issues associated with the safety and security of personal information of sample participants.
Including this author has been used only those information’s which are required for attaining aim
and objectives of the current research. Further, all the respondents from whom information is being
collected are provided with adequate information so that they get to know the main reason for
which research is being conducted. On the other hand, manipulation of the data and plagiarism are
also considered as major ethical issues associated with the secondary data collection. Further,
gathering secondary information, it is important to consider that the data should not be taken from
other sources. However, for reference it can be considered but cannot be used as it is. For resolving
these issues author has developed entire research project in own words as well as has also used
appropriate reference and citations for all those information’s which have been used by researcher
from other research articles. This way research ethics has being maintained. In the questionnaire
there are different type of questions that are being asked by the respondents. It is important for the
researcher to make sure that there is proper consideration made so that all the personal information
that is collected from them by nob the used some unauthorised person. For this purpose, it is
essential to have a proper system that enable to make sure that all the personal information that is
being used with an aim to collect questionnaire may not get negatively affected. Further, it is also
identified that there are different type of secondary information that is gathered by individuals so
that appropriate learning and understanding can be developed. With this respect, there are
conditions in which all the articles are not accessible. In such consideration it is important for the
researcher to develop proper account and those articles or journals can be accessed. Further, all the
information that is gathered from secondary sources can be used for the current research. There are
issues related with plagiarism that are faced in most of the conditions. This is a type of serious issue
and it is important for the researcher to make sure that this type of issues are not raised. All the
secondary information can be used as reference but it cannot be used as it is. Further, all the
39

reference should be used as citation so that the reliability of data can be shown.
4.12 Chapter summary
As per the above conducted analysis, it can be stated that sample size of the total population
that is considered is important as it enables to get relevant information for the current research. It is
important to make sure that all the questionnaires that are filled are effective enough to get proper
data. There are five different hospitals that are considered and about 200 sample size were
distributed among which 170 returned. Further, the type of information that they will provide can
highly be relied as the test conducted for reliability shows it. Further, there are different type of
methods that are used in order to make proper analysis for the data. With this respect, SPSS is taken
into consideration as it is effective enough to make proper analysis of the data.
40

CHAPTER 5: ANALYSIS OF DATA
5.1 Chapter Objectives: -
This chapter is helpful enough to determine the strengths and weaknesses of the tools that
determined in methodology. In previous chapter different frameworks are discussed that are being
followed by professionals. This is applied to sub-hypothesis and hypothesis that is selected from
literature review. Further, the investigator has also taken demographic characteristics and this is
helpful enough to know whether the sample is meeting the criteria that is set by the researcher.
There are many questions that are developed and these are helpful enough to make sure that proper
analysis is made for each of the questions. For this purpose, there is consideration made of SPSS
that will help to make sure that the data that is collected from 170 samples will be presented
effectively and efficiently. Then there are presentation make for all the collected data and this is
done with the help of Bar charts from SPSS. Results are determined of independent variable. This is
done by answering the last research question and it also showed financial benefit which are the
lowest achievement.
5.2 Introduction
All the information that is collected need to be present in an effective manner so that the
viewer are able to come up with an appropriate outcome. It is helpful enough to make proper
analysis of the data that is collected. It plays vital role in is attaining research objectives. With this
respect, there are various type of methods that are being used for analysis. In this context, it
includes quantitative and qualitative data. When evaluation is made, then it enables to develop
understanding and also provided in depth knowledge. Statistical analysis is made with the help of
which hypothesis testing is used. Through these tools and techniques, it is helpful enough to find
out appropriate conclusion for the current investigation conducted. When questionnaire is
administered, the collected data is uploaded and coded to SPSS with the help of excel file. In order
to conduct the research, investigator has made use of different type of tools so as to meet the
research objectives.
5.3 Strengths and Weaknesses of the empirical study
In empirical study, there are both strength and weaknesses. In this context, one of the main
strength is that it enables to present the collected data in well-structured questions. Further, there are
about 170 sample size that are considered and all the people who involved have many years of
experiences that will be helpful enough to determine appropriate outcome for the current research.
When the rate of experience that individuals increases, then the reliability of the data will also
increase. This can easily be measured and interpreted convenient sampling enables to get fast
41

response, saves time, purposive questions, etc. Questionnaire was made and that was uploaded on
monkey survey. Further, there were about 300 sample of survey but many on them were not able to
complete the questionnaire as they did not get time. However, there were 170 of respondents who
were helpful enough to come up with an appropriate outcome. This sample size is selected as it will
enable to conduct the research in an effective manner. On the other hand, it includes weaknesses
like the questions that are present in questionnaire does not provide practical free space in order to
share their knowledge and to express their feelings. All the questions that are included in the
questionnaire are closed ended and so respondents have to select and show their perceptions as p[er
the options that are included. In this context, they are not able to show out their feeling for the use
of machineries. Further, it does not even provide equal opportunity to whole population to take part
in the survey as sampling technique. The rate of people involved in the questionnaire could have
been more but there are 30 of the sample size who were not able to fill up the form due to some
reasons and so the sample size get reduced which was expected to be 300.
5.4 Demographic Characteristics
Theme 1: Nationality
What is your Nationality
Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative
Percent
Valid
Saudi 82 48.2 48.2 48.2
Non-Saudi 88 51.8 51.8 100.0
Total 170 100.0 100.0
Description: As per the above conducted analysis, it can be stated that out of 170
respondents 88 of them are Non-Saudi. In other words, these are the people who are from other
parts of the world. On the other hand, there are about 82 of the respondents who are Saudi. It can be
stated that majority of people tent to visit from other countries in search of job and the Non-Saudi
respondents are more compared with local people. Further, this it can be stated that different people
migrate from other countries in search of job. This way, the firm get highly benefited as they are
able to make others work and that also low rate of interest. There are condition in which individuals
will tent to work hard as the preference that are provided by companies is to the local people. Main
aim of any individuals who visit from other country for job is to make sure that they earn and put on
their full efforts with the help of which they are able to achieve their desired goals and objectives.
Theme 2: Age groups
42

Which age groups you belong to
Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative
Percent
Valid
20-30 21 12.4 12.4 12.4
30-40 45 26.5 26.5 38.8
40-50 63 37.1 37.1 75.9
50-60 41 24.1 24.1 100.0
Total 170 100.0 100.0
Description: In accordance with the analysis made, it can be stated that about majority of
age group from the response is taken is from 40 to 50. In order words, majority of the respondents
include 37.1% from total respondents of 70. Further the lowest age groups is of 20 to 30 which
11.4%. Further, there are 24.1% that is from 50 to 60. In addition to this, there are 26.5% of the
individuals who fall under the age group of 30 to 40. From the data gathered, it is identified that the
majority of individuals who are working within the health care firms as operator for the machineries
are of the age group of 30 to 40. Majority of the individuals are hired from this age groups as they
are energetic and they will be able to support the firm to achieve their goals and objectives. Further,
the type of experience that they have is also helpful for the researcher as they will be able to provide
adequate information for the type of questions that are being asked in the question. Further, the
more age groups they have, the rate of experience that they have will also increase and the
reliability of the data can be made.
Theme 3: Education background
What is your education background
Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative
Percent
Valid
Diploma 37 21.8 21.8 21.8
Bachelor 61 35.9 35.9 57.6
Master 43 25.3 25.3 82.9
PhD 29 17.1 17.1 100.0
Total 170 100.0 100.0
Description: From the total population, it can be stated that there are different type of
educational background that are determined as per the questions, it can be stated that majority of
43

people have bachelors as their educational background. Further, there are 21.8% of the population
who are perusing diploma. Further, there are 29 of the individuals who have taken their PhD. In
accordance with the information collected, it can be stated that rate of qualification that the
respondents have is affected. All the individuals who are selected in order to provide proper
information for the questionnaire have completed their Masters. From this can be stated that the
individuals who have proper experience and the type of qualification that they have will be
favourable enough to make sure that data can be relied. When the theoretical experience that they
have been helpful enough to consider the reliability of data. Further, there are about 29 of the
individual who have done their PhD. This shows that the rate of qualification that they have will be
favourable enough to come up with an appropriate outcome for the research that is conducted
currently.
Theme 4: Hospital Name
What is your Hospital Name
Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative
Percent
Valid
KFMMC 15 8.8 8.8 8.8
KFUH 47 27.6 27.6 36.5
KFSH 42 24.7 24.7 61.2
DHC 28 16.5 16.5 77.6
Al Mowasat Hospital 38 22.4 22.4 100.0
Total 170 100.0 100.0
In order to conduct the research, there are 5 of the hospitals that are being selected. All these
hospitals are well known for their quality of services that are delivered. Further, these hospitals are
helpful enough to come up with an appropriate outcome for the research objectives set. More
specifically, there in total 170 respondents selected and among them there are about 47 of them who
are from KFUH. Further, there are 42 of the respondents who are taken from KFSH. In this context,
it can be stated that majority of respondents from two main hospitals which are KFUH and KFSH.
There are 5 hospitals that are considered. All the hospitals are helpful enough to make sure that the
rate of quality and the strategies that are implemented by these firms are different. The type of
questions that are considered will enable to deliver adequate information. Further, the majority of
respondent that are taken is from KFUH. Further, the lowest from KFMMC. From this, it can be
stated that not equal respondents are selected from each of the hospitals but the type of information
44

that is collected by these respondents will be helpful enough to achieve the ultimate aim and
objectives of the research.
Theme 5: Work experience
How many years of work experience you have
Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative
Percent
Valid
Less than 5 years 15 8.8 8.8 8.8
6 to 10 years 43 25.3 25.3 34.1
11 to 15 years 61 35.9 35.9 70.0
16 to 20 years 37 21.8 21.8 91.8
More than 20 14 8.2 8.2 100.0
Total 170 100.0 100.0
Among all the employees who are selected have different type of work experience with their
respective hospitals. When the rate of experience is high, then the outcome that will be gathered
from these respondents will also be effective. Further, as per the data collected, it is been taken from
individuals who have different type of working experience. In this context, there are about 15 of the
respondents who have experience of less than 15 years. Further, there are 14 out of 170 who have
more than 20 year’s experience. As per the above, data, this can be determined that all the
individuals who are selected have proper experience and they all will be suitable for providing
adequate information. With this respect, it is important to make sure that there need to be
consideration made in which there are also respondents who have less than 15 years of experience.
From this, it can be stated that the rate of information that will be delivered by them will not by
much favourable when compared with the individuals who have more than 20 years old experience.
However, there are condition in which the rate of information that is possessed by 5 years’
experience holder may have more when compared with the time to technology that changes.
Theme 6: Time span working in same organization
How long you have worked with your current hospital
Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative
Percent
Valid Less than 5 years 35 20.6 20.6 20.6
45

6 to 10 years 37 21.8 21.8 42.4
11 to 15 years 51 30.0 30.0 72.4
16 to 20 years 34 20.0 20.0 92.4
More than 20 13 7.6 7.6 100.0
Total 170 100.0 100.0
As per the analysis made, it can be determined that, there are 35 of the respondents who
have less than 5 years of stay in same firm. Further, there are 37 of the individuals who have
working within the same firm since 6 to 10 years. Further, there are also 13 of the workers who
have been working for more than 20 years at same organization. The rate of years that they have
spent is effective enough to get reliable responses for the questionnaire made. When the rate of
experience hat respondents have that same organization will be favourable as they will be able to
provide proper information. This is because the time that they have spent will also provide the type
of changes that has taken place within the firm. With time there are many changes that are taken
place and the individual who have experience within the same firm will be able to determine the
rate of changes that are taken place in the machineries. Further, the individuals who have changes
the firm with time will also be favourable as they will be able to provide information with respect to
the change that they see in both the firms.
5.5 Analysis of Survey Questions:
Theme 7: Medical machines handled
Which of the following medical machines you handling
Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative
Percent
Valid
Mobile X-Ray 28 16.5 16.5 16.5
Endoscopy 47 27.6 27.6 44.1
Defibrillator 29 17.1 17.1 61.2
Ultra sound 29 17.1 17.1 78.2
Cautery 37 21.8 21.8 100.0
Total 170 100.0 100.0
46

Different people have diverse set of skills and capabilities and they all are provided with the
type of roles as per their preferences and qualification. In accordance with analysis made, it can be
stated that there are different type of machineries that are being used within the hospitals in order to
deliver high quality services to patients. In this context, it includes Mobile X-Ray, Endoscopy,
Defibrillator, Ultra sound, Cautery. It has been identified that there are 28 of the respondents who
handle Mobile X-Ray. Further, there are 37 of the respondents who handle Cautery. Moreover, there
are 29 of the respondents who handle Defibrillator. Lastly, there are 29 of the individuals who
handle Ultra sound machines. With time, there are many changes that has taken place with respect
to technology and type of disease that are faced by individuals. In this context, there are different
type of machineries that are used by these hospitals and these are done in order to make sure that all
the patients will be able to overcome the problem or issues that are faced by them. Further, for each
of the machineries that are used by these firms are required to have proper individuals who will be
able to make sure that the tools are effectively maintained. When tools are not used properly, then
the rate of issues that are faced by patients will increase and the satisfaction level get reduced.
Theme 8: Brand of the medical machine currently used
Which Brand of the medical machine currently you use
Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative Percent
47
28
47
29
29
37
Mobile X-Ray
Endoscopy
Defibrillator
Ultra sound
Cautery

Valid
Philips 23 11.8 11.8 11.8
ZOLL 19 14.1 14.1 25.9
Olympus 15 8.8 8.8 34.7
ERBE 14 7.1 7.1 41.8
GE 11 4.1 4.1 45.9
Physio Control 22 4.7 4.7 50.6
STORZ 18 10.6 10.6 61.2
Covidien 7 4.1 4.1 65.3
Mindray 6 8.8 8.8 74.1
Nihon Kohden 16 9.4 9.4 83.5
R.WOLF 9 10.6 10.6 94.1
Siemens 10 5.9 5.9 100.0
Total 170 100.0 100.0
There are many organizations that deliver hospitals with similar type of products. In this
context, the type of machineries that are used include of different type of companies. There are
companies that deliver machineries for different type of uses. Further, there are also organizations
that deliver their services for under taking only one type test. With this respect, there are 23 of the
respondents that their firm make use of Philips. Further, there are 22 of the individuals who have
provided information that they make use of Physio Control. There are many other organization that
are used for the hospital requirement. Among all the brands, majority of firm that provide hospital
48
23
19
15
14
1122
18
7
6
16
9
10
Philips
ZOLL
Olympus
ERBE
GE
Physio Control
STORZ
Covidien
Mindray
Nihon Kohden
R.WOLF
Siemens

equipment’s is of Philips. For each and every industries, there are many firms that deliver their
customers with similar set of products and services. Ultimate aim of any firm to gain maximum
profit, this is only possible when they will be able to understand the needs and requirements. For
this purpose, different type of strategies that being implemented by them so that they will be able to
make sure that the rate of services that are delivered to them can be performed effectively and
efficiently. With this respect there are companies that deliver different type of machineries and as
per the findings it is identified that the majority of tools that are used is of the company Philips.
Theme 9: Machineries used in hospital are helpful for diagnose or treatment patients
Do you think that machineries used in your hospital are helpful for diagnose or
treatment patients
Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative
Percent
Valid
Yes 60 35.3 35.3 35.3
No 76 44.7 44.7 80.0
Not sure 34 20.0 20.0 100.0
Total 170 100.0 100.0
From the above, conducted analysis, it shows that there are 76 of the respondents who do
not think that the machineries are able to help in providing proper diagnoses or treatment. On the
other hand, there are 34 of the individuals who are not sure whether the machineries are helpful for
49
60
76
34
Yes
No
Not sure

the clients or not. Lastly, there are 60 of the individuals who think that machineries used are
effective. Overall, it can be stated that the users of the machineries are not satisfied with the services
that they get from it. In order to deliver high quality services, machineries are highly helpful and
they enable to make sure that all clients are able to get their required services. So the authority
needs to lay their upon this serious issues and accordingly introduce necessary modifications that
would further enhance the quality of machinery being utilised. Also, if proper diagnosis is not
provided then, patients could not be properly treated that would further affect their health. So, new
machineries need to be incorporated by the hospital to provide proper treatment to the patients.
Also, this will further assist in creating a positive image of hospital in minds of patients as well as
other staff members since their time will be reduced and further they could handle more number of
patients.
Theme 10 : Able to save your time by using machinery in hospital
Are you able to save your time by using machinery in hospital
Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative
Percent
Valid
yes 79 46.5 46.5 46.5
No 91 53.5 53.5 100.0
Total 170 100.0 100.0
Out of 170 respondents, it can be stated that there are 79 of the individuals who make use of
50
79
91
yes
No

the machineries are able to save their time. However, there are 91 of the respondents who think that
they do not save their time making use of equipment’s. In other words, respondents are not able to
save their time by using the machineries. There can be different type of reasons that can be
determined due to which this type of issue arises. In this context, it includes lack of understanding
to make use of machinery. In earlier years the time that was taken to diagnose any type of disease
was more and improvement in technology has helped in reducing the time and that also with high
quality. Machines effectively assist in reducing the human work to much greater extent. If high tech
machines are being used by professionals of hospital then, the time which is taken to provide
treatment to the patients is reduced too much greater extent. This way more number of patients
could be treated and benefits shall be entertained by ample of individuals. So authorities need to
take this in consideration and further modify their machineries. The machines currently used to treat
the patients aren't able to reduce the time taken. In fact they have rather consumed most of their
time. This shall be definitely taken care of by hospital authorities and more investment should be
done of replacing the old machines with brand new ones so that the respondents would be able to
reduce their time to much greater extents.
Theme 11: All the machineries are properly maintained
Does all the machineries properly maintained
Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative
Percent
Valid
Yes 72 42.4 42.4 42.4
No 74 43.5 43.5 85.9
Not sure 24 14.1 14.1 100.0
Total 170 100.0 100.0
51

It is important for the hospitals to make sure that all the machineries that they are making
use should be properly maintained. When machineries are not properly maintained, then the result
may not get properly extracted. There are 42.4% of the individuals who think that machineries are
properly maintained. On the other hand, there are 14.1% of the individuals who are not sure for the
same. Further, there are about 72 of the respondents who think that machineries are maintained and
there are 74 of them who do not think the same way. Time to time there are many issues that are
faced in machineries and it is essential for the management to make sure that they are taking proper
steps so that they will be able to maintain the machineries. Further, at frequent basis, it is essential
to make sure that management hire employees who perform the type of work that are to maintain
the machineries. As per the finding, it is being identified that majority of the organization do not
maintain their machineries. This is a type of issues due to which the rate of quality that is being
delivered to patients get affected. Further, this also has negative impact over the end users as they
are not able to make use of the machineries effectively and efficiently. In this context, it can be
stated that management need to maintain their machineries so that the end users will be able to
perform the part of their work effectively and efficiently.
Theme 12: Reasons for dissatisfied due to use of machineries
What are the reasons for dissatisfied due to use of machineries
Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative
Percent
52
72
74
24
Yes
No
Not sure

Valid
Bad Maintain 8 4.7 4.7 4.7
Bad Support 14 8.2 8.2 12.9
Costly Maintain 22 12.9 12.9 25.9
Bad quality Brand 34 20.0 20.0 45.9
Bad Resolution. 25 14.7 14.7 60.6
Not applied All Functions 22 12.9 12.9 73.5
Difficult to use 45 26.5 26.5 100.0
Total 170 100.0 100.0
There are different type of reasons that are identified due to which individuals who handle
machines in hospital are not satisfied. In this context, as per the analysis is has been identified that
the main reason is difficulty in making use of the machineries. With time there are many changes
that are determined and this becomes difficult to make use of the technology without proper
training. There are 45 of the individuals who think the machineries are difficult to make use. It is
important that users should be provided with proper training so that they will be able to make use of
the services in an effective manner. There are different type of changes that take place in the
technology and it is important for the organizations that deliver their clients with services should
implement the technology in such a way that end users will be able to perform the set of job in
effective manner. There per the analysis made, it is identified that there are different type of issues
that are faced by end users. Among which one of the main issue identified is related with bad
quality that is delivered by firms. Further, majority of individuals that think that the main cause is
53
8
14
22
34
25
22
45
Bad Maintain
Bad Support
Costly Maintain
Bad quality Brand
Bad Resolution.
Not applied All Functions
Difficult to use

difficulty in making use of the machineries. All the changes at are considered should be made in
such a way that all the end users will be able to understand them and deliver proper quality to
clients. Different people have diverse set of perception and it shown that there are various type of
issues or problems that are faced by them. It is being identified that there are 22 of the respondents
who think that main issue related with maintenance. Further, there are 14 of the end users who think
that the support that is provided by these machineries are not effective enough to deliver high
quality services. Lastly, there are 8 of the workers who think that management does not put on their
full efforts to maintain their machineries. This is a type of issue due to which the quality of services
that are delivered by them is not effective.
Theme 13: Reason for selecting this brand
The reason for you select this brand is
Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative
Percent
Valid
Easy to use 64 37.6 37.6 37.6
Excellent support and services 34 20.0 20.0 57.6
High Resolution 39 22.9 22.9 80.6
Patient Safety 33 19.4 19.4 100.0
Total 170 100.0 100.0
54
64
34
39
33
Easy to use
Excellent support and services
High Resolution
Patient Safety

As per the evaluation made, it is identified that there are about 64 of the respondents who
think that the main reason for selection of this brand is due to its user friendly. Further, there are
19.4% of the individuals who think that main reason for selection of that particular brand is safety
to patients. Moreover, there are some of the brands that are highly supportive and deliver high
quality services and for this there are 19.4% of the respondents who think this way. Further, there
are about 37.6% of the respondents who think that the brand they have selected is as it is easy to
use. When any type of machineries are selected, then there are different reasons that are identified
for making purchases. In this process there is effective evaluation required so that appropriate brand
can be selected. With this respect, one of the main reason for which the selected brand is used by
these hospitals are easy use. Main aim of any firm is to deliver their customers with high quality
services. It is important to make sure that firm have proper analysis of the all the brands so that they
get to attain what they expect. More specifically, there are about 34 of the respondents think that the
main reason for selecting that particular brand is due to excellent services and support. Further,
there are few hospitals that are concern with safety of workers. When patients are satisfied, then it
becomes favourable enough to raise their performance level.
Theme 14: Relationship with the Brand Agent
Describe your relationship with the Brand Agent
Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative
Percent
Valid
Excellent 12 7.1 7.1 7.1
Very Good 38 22.4 22.4 29.4
Good 37 21.8 21.8 51.2
Average 61 35.9 35.9 87.1
Poor 22 12.9 12.9 100.0
Total 170 100.0 100.0
55

The experience of respondents from the machineries is average. In this context, there are
about 12.9% of the individuals whose experience with the brand is poor. Further, there are also
about 7.1% of the respondents who are highly satisfied and their relationship with brand is
excellent. Overall, it can be stated that, users are not totally satisfied with the machineries that are
used within the hospitals. The quality of service that end users are getting with the help of
machineries is average. They are not able to get the desired or expected benefits. However, there are
12 of the respondents, according to them the type of brand they make use of is also to deliver them
with their expected result. Main issue or problem that identified was difficulty in use of
machineries. However, these 12 end users are able to make sure that they overcome their problems.
The experience which they have with the brand can only be developed in positive manner when
they are able to make use of the machineries easily and customers get what they have expected.
Theme 15: Main problems that have been faced for the brand support
What is the main problems you have been faced for the brand support
Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative
Percent
Valid
Financial and purchasing 69 40.6 40.6 40.6
Low quality support 71 41.8 41.8 82.4
No Any problems 30 17.6 17.6 100.0
Total 170 100.0 100.0
56
12
38
37
61
22
Excellent
Very Good
Good
Average
Poor

In accordance with the analysis, it can be stated that main problems that are faced by users
in respect to brand is low quality support. In this context, there are about 41.8% think this way.
There are 69 of the individuals who think that financial and purchasing is the main problem that is
faced in the brand. Further, there are 40.6% of the respondents who think that main problem for the
selection of brand is its cost related to finance. For each and every type of brand that hospitals have
selected consist of certain amount of cost. With this respect, it is important to make sure that there is
financial support available. There are condition in which just by purchasing the machineries will not
deliver them with required preferences. Further, the quality of support that they get from main use
of machineries is not favourable enough to overcome the problems in effective manner. End users
are not able to deliver their patients with required rate of possible support that should have being
delivered to them. The main reason for this type of issue is difficulty in making use of the
machineries.
5.5 Results of the main independent variables
What is
your
Nationality
Which age
groups you
belong to
What is your
education
background
What is your
Hospital
Name
How many years
of work
experience you
have
How long you
have worked with
your current
hospital
N Valid 170 170 170 170 170
Missing 0 0 0 0 0
57
69
71
30
Financial and purchasing
Low quality support
No Any problems

Mean 1.5176 2.7294 2.3765 3.1588 2.9529 2.7235
Std. Error of
Mean .03844 .07405 .07735 .09920 .08252 .09328
Std.
Deviation .50116 .96554 1.00856 1.29339 1.07589 1.21627
Range 1.00 3.00 3.00 4.00 4.00 4.00
Which of the following
medical machines you
handling
Which Brand of the
medical machine
currently you use
Do you think that machineries
used in your hospital are helpful
for diagnose or treatment patients
Are you able to save your
time by using machinery in
hospital
170 170 170 170
0 0 0 0
3.0000 6.1118 1.8471 1.5353
.10814 .28410 .05598 .03837
1.41002 3.70421 .72985 .50023
4.00 11.00 2.00 1.00
Does all the
machineries
properly
maintained
What are the reasons
for dissatisfied due to
use of machineries
The reason for
you select this
brand is
Describe your
relationship with
the Brand Agent
What is the main
problems you have been
faced for the brand
support
170 170 170 170 170
0 0 0 0 0
1.7176 4.7647 2.2412 3.2529 1.7706
.05357 .14068 .08852 .08832 .05599
.69846 1.83424 1.15413 1.15160 .72997
2.00 6.00 3.00 4.00 2.00
Mean Values for each question of the questionnaire
N Minimum Maximum Mean Std. Deviation
What is your Nationality 170 1.00 2.00 1.5176 .50116
Which age groups you
belong to 170 1.00 4.00 2.7294 .96554
What is your education
background 170 1.00 4.00 2.3765 1.00856
What is your Hospital Name 170 1.00 5.00 3.1588 1.29339
How many years of work
experience you have 170 1.00 5.00 2.9529 1.07589
How long you have worked
with your current hospital 170 1.00 5.00 2.7235 1.21627
58

Which of the following
medical machines you
handling
170 1.00 5.00 3.0000 1.41002
Which Brand of the medical
machine currently you use 170 1.00 12.00 6.1118 3.70421
Do you think that
machineries used in your
hospital are helpful for
diagnose or treatment
patients
170 1.00 3.00 1.8471 .72985
Are you able to save your
time by using machinery in
hospital
170 1.00 2.00 1.5353 .50023
Does all the machineries
properly maintained 170 1.00 3.00 1.7176 .69846
What are the reasons for
dissatisfied due to use of
machineries
170 1.00 7.00 4.7647 1.83424
The reason for you select
this brand is 170 1.00 4.00 2.2412 1.15413
Describe your relationship
with the Brand Agent 170 1.00 5.00 3.2529 1.15160
What is the main problems
you have been faced for the
brand support
170 1.00 3.00 1.7706 .72997
Valid N (listwise) 170
5.6 Chapter Summary
In accordance with the above chapter, it can be stated that all the information provided by
respondents can be relied as the years of experience they have is effective enough to develop their
understanding for the type of research questions that are developed. Further, overall findings
suggest that all the type of brand that are used by hospitals are not effective and they are not able to
satisfy their requirements. Further, one of the main issue that are identified by end users is respect
difficulty in making use of the machineries. When changes in technology it becomes difficult for
them to understand the additional features that are added in it. Further, training can be determined to
be one of the effective ways through which the rate of issue that are faced can be solved.
59

CHAPTER 6: DISCUSSION AND INTERPRETATION OF FINDINGS
6.1 Chapter Objectives
Main aim of this chapter is to make interpretation of the data that is obtained from the
research in order to come up with an appropriate outcome. In accordance with research questions
that were developed in the above chapter order to understand the most effective brand that is being
used by service users. The interpretation will enable to come up with appropriate outcome the
research conducted. In order words, this chapter focus on all the different type of results that is
gathered from questionnaire and by making use of SPSS. When this analysis is made, then it
enables to provide better understanding about the research questions that are being set. There are
many questions that are included in questionnaire and from the evaluation made, it requires proper
understanding of the different aspects that covered. Further, there are comparisons made from the
results that are identified currently and other studies that are conducted by some other researchers.
Proper implementation of the results will be made in this chapter.
6.2 Statistical Analysis and inferencing
6.2.1 Comparison mean between Nationality and other factors like age group, education and
name of the hospital:
Report
What is your Nationality Which age
groups you
belong to
What is your
education
background
What is your
Hospital Name
Saudi
Mean 2.6951 2.4512 3.0854
N 82 82 82
Std. Deviation .97739 1.00802 1.27851
Non-Saudi
Mean 2.7614 2.3068 3.2273
N 88 88 88
Std. Deviation .95886 1.00981 1.31067
Total
Mean 2.7294 2.3765 3.1588
N 170 170 170
Std. Deviation .96554 1.00856 1.29339
6.2.2 Comparison of mean among number of work experience end user has with total time
given to hospital, medical machines handles and brand that is used by the hospital:
Report
60

How many years of work experience you have How long you
have worked
with your current
hospital
Which of the
following
medical
machines you
handling
Which Brand of
the medical
machine
currently you
use
Less than 5 years
Mean 2.6667 2.9333 5.5333
N 15 15 15
Std. Deviation 1.34519 1.43759 3.68136
6 to 10 years
Mean 2.5814 3.1395 6.0930
N 43 43 43
Std. Deviation 1.29528 1.35544 3.94494
11 to 15 years
Mean 2.7541 3.1475 6.0164
N 61 61 61
Std. Deviation 1.32484 1.45872 3.68100
16 to 20 years
Mean 2.8649 2.8649 6.2432
N 37 37 37
Std. Deviation .94757 1.47502 3.59325
More than 20
Mean 2.7143 2.3571 6.8571
N 14 14 14
Std. Deviation 1.06904 1.08182 3.75924
Total
Mean 2.7235 3.0000 6.1118
N 170 170 170
Std. Deviation 1.21627 1.41002 3.70421
6.2.3 Comparison of mean between satisfaction attained from use of machines and other
aspects like saving time, maintenance, reason for dissatisfaction and reason for selecting that
particular brand:
Report
Do you think that machineries
used in your hospital are
helpful for diagnose or
treatment patients
Are you able to save
your time by using
machinery in hospital
Does all the
machineries
properly
maintained
What are the
reasons for
dissatisfied due to
use of machineries
The
reason for
you select
this brand
is
Yes
Mean 1.5833 1.7333 5.1333 2.3000
N 60 60 60 60
Std.
Devi
ation
.49717 .60693 1.63092 1.15421
No Mean 1.5395 1.6579 4.4342 2.3026
61

N 76 76 76 76
Std.
Devi
ation
.50175 .70338 1.99557 1.18906
Not sure
Mean 1.4412 1.8235 4.8529 2.0000
N 34 34 34 34
Std.
Devi
ation
.50399 .83378 1.70796 1.07309
Total
Mean 1.5353 1.7176 4.7647 2.2412
N 170 170 170 170
Std.
Devi
ation
.50023 .69846 1.83424 1.15413
6.2.4 Comparison of mean between reason for dissatisfaction from selection of that particular
brand, relationship with brand agent and main problem:
Report
What are the reasons for dissatisfied due to use of
machineries
The reason for
you select this
brand is
Describe your
relationship with
the Brand Agent
What is the main
problems you
have been faced
for the brand
support
Bad Maintain
Mean 2.5000 2.7500 2.2500
N 8 8 8
Std. Deviation 1.19523 1.58114 .88641
Bad Support
Mean 2.7857 3.4286 1.7857
N 14 14 14
Std. Deviation 1.25137 .93761 .69929
Costly Maintain
Mean 2.0000 3.1818 1.7727
N 22 22 22
Std. Deviation 1.27242 1.13961 .81251
Bad quality Brand
Mean 2.0294 3.2353 1.7941
N 34 34 34
Std. Deviation .90404 1.25671 .64099
Bad Resolution.
Mean 2.0000 3.5600 1.8800
N 25 25 25
Std. Deviation 1.11803 .86987 .92736
Not applied All Functions Mean 2.2727 2.7727 1.5000
62

N 22 22 22
Std. Deviation 1.16217 1.02036 .51177
Difficult to use
Mean 2.4222 3.4000 1.7333
N 45 45 45
Std. Deviation 1.21522 1.21356 .68755
Total
Mean 2.2412 3.2529 1.7706
N 170 170 170
Std. Deviation 1.15413 1.15160 .72997
6.3 Analysis of Survey Question
Main issues that are identified is related with the use of machineries. Service users are not
able to make use of the machineries in an effective manner. This study is helpful to uncover
different reasons which lead to determine the issues in relation with both existing and new
information. Analysis is made with the help of pie chart, tables, etc., this is helpful enough to
present the findings in an effective manner. The overall findings, suggest that the type of issue that
are faced by end users related to machineries is that they are not able to make use of these
machineries effectively and efficiently. Further, the rate of satisfaction is getting reduced because of
unsatisfied performance that is delivered by these machineries.
As per the analysis made, there are about 170 respondents who are the users of the machines
within the hospitals. This total number of respondents are helpful to make sure that suitable
outcome is determined. Further, all the respondents who are involved have adequate information as
the years of experience that they have is also high and so that it can be stated that the data gathered
can highly be reliable.
6.4 Analysis of Demographic data
As per the analysis made, it is identified that there are about 82 of the individuals who are
localities. Further, there are about 88 of the respondents who are the Non-Saudi. This shows that are
rate of individuals from whom the information is gathered is from individuals who are not localities.
From this, it can be stated that the rate of preference that are provided by hospitals are for the
individuals which are not localities (Alemdar and Ersoy, 2010). There are different type of benefited
that firm get when people are hired other than localities. In this context, one of the benefit that they
get is related with salary. The pay that has to be paid to local people is generally high when
compared with other. This can be determined as the effective was with the help of which the rate of
profitability can be raised by the firm. Moreover, the amount of work that is taken from employees
is also high and thus business gets highly benefited. In addition to this, the rate of data can be
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reliable as the type of experience that they have is also effective.
Further, majority of the response is taken from the age group between 40 to 50. This shown
that majority of the individuals are of middle age and so the type of information that is given by
them can be relied. The Lowest rate of age groups are between 20 to 30. In addition to this, there
are 29 of the individuals who have completed their PhD. Further, masters is done by 43 of the
respondents. The rate of education that majority of the individuals have is also high. With time there
are different type of skills and capabilities developed and the type of situations that are faced
enables to develop understanding. In this context, the data collected for the current research is from
end users and the data shows that all the people who are hired for this purpose are highly
experienced (Creswell, 2013). They have proper knowledge from different firms and the time of
stay that they have in each of the firms is also high. This show that positive understanding and the
changes that has taken place within the firm can also be identified. When the information is
collected from people who of higher age, then the rate of data that will be collected can be relied as
per the type of experience that they have for the same. Further, there are individuals who have more
than 20 years of experience and that also staying at same firm.
The reliability of data is reliable when the respondents who are involved have proper
information about the areas of research that is being conducted (Ghulam Sarwar Shah and
Robinson, 2006). As per the analysis made, it can be stated that there are different type of people
who have diverse set of background or the type of education that they have gained is different.
When the rate of qualification that respondents have is high, then it becomes favourable enough to
get reliable data. More specifically, there are about 29 of the respondents who have done their PhD.
This can be started that the rate of knowledge and understanding that these people have is high.
However, the rate of information is effective depending upon the type of situation that individuals
faced. It is important to for the research to select respondents who have proper experience and
better understanding about the topic. Further, there are 43 of the individuals who have done their
Masters. This is another type of educational background in which they are helpful enough to
provide adequate data (Money and et.al. 2011). There are conditions in which people who have
higher qualification may not have the better understanding. This is due to the practical experience
that they have from different type of roles and responsibilities that are performed by them.
There are many hospitals that are being considered by the research and all these hospitals
make use of different type of machineries that are delivered by different brands. More specifically,
there are about 5 of the hospitals and in accordance with the analysis, majority of the information is
from KFUH in this there are 47 of the respondents. The reliability of the information collected is
high as there are many hospitals that are being included in the current and so the type of
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machineries that are being used can be determined (Pryss and et.al., 2015). Further, there are many
different type of strategies that are applied by hospitals in order to deliver their patients with better
services. With this respect, the type of information that is collected from five different hospitals will
be effective enough to raise the understanding and reliability of the current research. Further, the
type of services and treatment facilities that are delivered by these firms are also different and so the
end users who have many years of experience and they will be helpful enough to provide adequate
information for the same.
Further, the total experience that they have been also determined. As per the findings, it is
identified that there are 61 of the respondents who have work experience of 11 to 15 years. From
this it can be stated that the outcome of the research conducted can be relied. In case the rate of
experience that they had been low, then the reliability gets diminished (Yang and et.al., 2012). With
time the rate of understanding and knowledge that an individual has increases. They get to know
more about the roles and responsibilities that are performed by them. When the information is
collected from these individuals, then the all the issues or problems that are faced by them can be
identified. As per the case, the used of machineries are done by end users and with the years of
experience that they have will be effective enough to get relevant and reliable information for the
same. Further, there are different type of issues that are being faced by individuals who make use of
the machineries that are used at hospitals (Shiina and et.al., 2015). In this context, the individuals
who have more years of experiences will be able to provide proper information for the
questionnaire that are being provided to them.
There are different type of machineries that are being used by hospitals. Majority of the
respondents make use of Endoscopy machines. In this context, it includes about 47 of the
respondents. This shows that the responses that individuals have provided is related with for
different type of machines. At each any hospitals, there are different type of equipment’s and
machineries that are being used and these used in order to make sure that all the patients are able to
overcome their health related issues (Jorge and et.al. 2012). With this respect, the services that are
delivered at each of the hospitals determine them to make use of machineries that are for different
purpose. In this context, for each of the machineries, it requires people who will be able to make
sure that it is being used by them effectively and efficiently. On the other hand, these there are
condition in which employees do not have proper information to make use of the machineries, then
it has negative impact over the business (Garmer, Ylven and Karlsson, 2004). For this purpose,
proper training and development should be provided with the help of which the rate of performance
can be made in effective manner.
There are many different type of brands that are identified which deliver machineries to
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hospitals. Among all the brand hospitals that are used by management in majority is of Zoll. This
shows that this is the brand which is highly trusted and one which deliver high quality services.
From this, it can be stated that there are different type of companies that develop their customers
with similar type of products and services (Alemdar and Ersoy, 2010). In other words, these
companies understand the requirement of their clients and make changes in the services that has to
be delivered to patients. However, it is identified that with time there are many modifications that
are done by these brands and this is done in order to deliver patients with better quality services.
However, there are issues that are faced by individuals and that is due lack of understanding for the
use of machineries. When changes are made, then it becomes difficult for the end users to deliver
proper services to patients (Creswell, 2013). For this issue, it is important for the brand to make sure
that they understand the issues that are faced by them and accordingly proper steps are taken with
the help of which end users will be able to make use of the machineries effectively and efficiently.
Within hospital, there are different type of machineries that are being used in order to
diagnose the health related issues that are faced by patients (Ghulam Sarwar Shah and Robinson,
2006). It is important to make sure that management have skilled professionals who are able to
operate the machineries effectively and efficiently. With this respect, in accordance with the
findings, it is identified that majority of the respondents are not satisfied with the type of services
that are being delivered by the equipment’s or the machineries. There are about 76 of the
individuals who think that machineries are not able to or helpful enough to make diagnosis of the
problems that are faced by patients. The rate of performance can only be improved when all the
individuals are involved in handling the machineries understand proper functioning of machineries.
Further, it is also important to make sure that they understand the type of roles and responsibilities
that has to be performed by them (Money and et.al. 2011). It is essential that all the issues or
problems that are faced by individuals should be identified and appropriate steps should be taken so
that they will be able to overcome them in effective manner. This can be determined as an effective
way with the help of which the rate of performance can be raised.
Users of the machineries face problems in order to operate it in an effective manner. From
the response that are given by users of the machineries, it can be stated that majority of the
respondents are not satisfied with the type of services that are being delivered by the machines.
There are some kinds of issues that are faced by them to operate it (Pryss and et.al., 2015).
Satisfaction of the employees can be measured when all the requirement are fulfilled. When the
work that are provided to them are completed on or before time. Use of machineries are done in
order to save time but the machineries that used by end users at hospitals are not effective enough to
save their time. On the other hand, they get demotivated as the time that is consumed is not reduced
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and the quality with which the services should have been delivered to patients is not effective. There
are certain set of motivational factors that are considered by individuals and when these are not
satisfied, then they get discouraged (Yang and et.al., 2012). With this respect, when the type of roles
and responsibilities are not effectively performed by end users, then it the rate of performance get
negatively affected.
Machineries are used in order to deliver high quality services to save time. It is important
that users are able to save their time. However, it is not so as per the analysis conducted. As per the
responses collected, it can be stated that majority of the users are not satisfied as they are not able to
save their time by making use of machineries (Shiina and et.al., 2015). As per the analysis made, it
is identified that end users are not able to save their time by making of the machineries. This is a
type of issue in which the time that is taken for each of the patient is raised and so that waiting time
that has to be planned for other patient. As per the law that is followed all the countries, it is
important to make sure that all the patient should be treated equally and they need to be provided
with proper time so that all the health related issues can be properly diagnosed (Jorge and et.al.
2012). When the rate of time taken by these machineries are high, then there are issues in which
management fail to maintain their quality of services and the trust that patient develop also gets
reduced.
Machineries need to be properly maintained so that they will be able to deliver high quality
services to customers. However, as per the analysis made, it can be stated that majority of the
individuals, management of the hospitals are not maintaining their machineries (Garmer, Ylven and
Karlsson, 2004). This way the quality of services is affected in negative manner and clients does not
get proper services. With time the performance of the machineries get reduced normally and when it
is not properly maintained, then the rate of issues that are faced in these machineries increases. It is
important for the management to make sure that proper analysis is made and there is proper team
developed who will maintain all the machineries that are being used within the hospitals. Further,
considerations need to be made by the management in which they are required to provide proper
financial support so that the rate of care that can be made is raised (Alemdar and Ersoy, 2010).
When the machineries are not properly maintained, then it becomes difficult for the patient to
overcome with their issues. In addition to this, there should be proper team maintained that will
focus in maintaining all the equipment and machineries within the hospitals.
As stated above, there are different reason due to which users are not able to make use of
machineries. Among all the reason, one of the main reason that is selected by majority of
individuals in due to difficulty in using machineries (Creswell, 2013). As stated above, there are
different type of issues that are being faced by individuals who make use of machineries but one of
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the main reasons that are determined after analysis is difficulty in making of the machineries. It is
important to make sure that proper services are being delivered and end users are able to make use
of the services effectively and efficiently. Further, there are other issues like quality that are
delivered by the products of brand is not suitable and the diagnosis is not being properly made by
the end users. It is important for the management to make sure that all the issues that are faced by
end use of the machineries are solved (Ghulam Sarwar Shah and Robinson, 2006). This way the rate
of performance will be raised and they will be understand the type of that are being faced by
patients.
There are different type of objectives that are set by organization who deliver machineries,
equipment’s or tools to hospitals. With this respect, the objective include make the machineries easy
to use, making it with high resolution, includes excellent support and service and considering safety
of patients (Money and et.al. 2011). Among all these, one of the reasons that are being identified by
the respondents for making use of the services of any particular brand is thinking that it will be easy
to use. From the overall findings, it is identified that one of the main issue faced by individuals is
related with difficulty in making use of machineries. The main aim that is focused by these hospitals
is to get machineries that can be handled easily. However, due to the type of technology and the
preference with which the machineries are developed are not favourable enough to operate them.
Further, it is important for the management to identify the type of issues that are being faced by end
users (Pryss and et.al., 2015). As per the analysis made, they should develop steps that will help in
overcoming the issues and to deliver patients with health related issues be resolved.
The type of machineries that are used by users and the relationship is not strong enough
(Yang and et.al., 2012). This shows the users do not have proper information related with using
them. When they have proper informations and training provided, then the rate of issues that are
faced by them can be reduced. In addition to this, there are 71 of the respondents who think that
main problems that are faced by them in relation with brand is low quality support. The type of
services that the brand used to provide is not effective enough and they are not able to perform
effectively and efficiently. Further, it can be stated that any type of services that are being used
should be effective enough to make sure that they are being used effectively and proper quality of
services are being delivered (Shiina and et.al., 2015). As per the findings, it is identified that end
users does not proper relationship with the brand that being used by them. However, are about 12 of
the respondents who are satisfied and there are 38 of the individuals who gave strong relationship
with the brand. On the other there are other individuals who are not satisfied and they type of
services that they get is not favourable.
When services or products are used, then individuals get to develop a strong bound. This is
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only possible when the type of services that they get by making use of the machineries is effective
enough to satisfy their requirements (Jorge and et.al. 2012). Further, there are conditions in which
management need to monitor the performance of end users and the rate of satisfaction that they get
with the type of roles and responsibilities that are performed by them. It is important for the end
users to get proper support from the management. In this context, for installing it requires the
hospital to have proper financial support and when the products are purchases, then issues or
problems arise when end users are not able to operate them in effective manner. With this respect,
there needs to have proper analysis made so that they will be able to understand the requirement
within the firm and accordingly they manage their finance with the help of which machineries are
bought. Further, there are conditions in which the rate of support is low when the type of quality
with which the machineries deliver their services (Garmer, Ylven and Karlsson, 2004). It is
important for the firm to make sure that they are able to understand the requirements of patients and
deliver them services accordingly.
6.5 Comparing results to other similar studies
There are different type of research that are conducted in similar topics and these are helpful
enough to develop in depth understanding for topic. However, as per the findings, it can be stated
that researcher has not found out any other research that has helped in providing similar hypothesis.
As per the current research conducted, there are 5 of the health care providing hospitals that are
considered. These firms made of different set of machineries that are helpful enough to deliver high
quality services to patients. However, there are certain set of issues that are face by end users in
respect with the machineries. This way it can be stated that current research topic selected is
effective enough to make sure that appropriate outcome is determined in which issues faced by end
users can be solved.
6.6 The implication of the results of the organization
In accordance with the type of result that is developed, it can be stated that hospitals need to
make sure that those machineries should be selected that can be effectively handled by end users in
effective manner. Further, it is important that firm understand the areas in which improvement is
requirement and proper training is provided so that they will be able to understand the functions and
proper services can be delivered. In accordance with the results that are identified, it can be stated
that when the rate of quality that is delivered by the hospitals is high, then the rate of people visiting
in order to conduct various type of tests will also increase.
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CHAPTER 7 CONCLUSIONS, IMPLICATIONS, AND
RECOMMENDATIONS
7.1 Overview
Main aim of the study was to determine the perception of end users for the machineries that
are used at hospitals. In this context, the objectives of the research was to understand the preference
of medical user towards medical equipment’s. Further, it covers the factors which affect the end
users perception at Eastern Province at KSA for five hospitals. In order to come up with an
appropriate outcome, questionnaire was developed and it was filled by 170 workers within five
hospitals. In order to conducted analysis, SPSS was used and it was helpful to come up with
appropriate outcome. This is an important chapter in which proper discussion take place with the
help of which the hospitals get to identify certain strategies that will enable to overcome the type of
issue that are faced by end users. When these strategies are followed, hospitals will be able to raise
their performance level and patients will be able overcome their health related issues. Further, it
also includes conclusion part in which overall interpretation will be made for each of the chapter.
This enables to understand the overall findings that is derived from each of the chapters that are
included in the thesis.
7.2 Summary
From the overall analysis made, it can be determined that there are different type of
machineries that are being used at five different hospitals. Majority of the hospitals does not
maintain their machines and users are not at all satisfied with the type of services that are get from
these machines. Further, hospitals need to maintain the machines that is not done and due to this,
the rate of quality is getting negatively affected. One of the main issues with the brand that is used
by them was difficulty in making use of the machine.
In order to come up with this type of result, there are about 170 respondents that were
considered who have vast experience and are taken from five different hospitals and so it was
helpful enough to come up with appropriate outcome. Initially there were about 300 sample make
but some of the respondents were not able to sill up the questionnaire. Out of 300 survey questions,
170 was selected to be the sample size. Further, machineries are used in order to make sure that they
save time and this is not happening in case of the responses that are provided by the users. Majority
of the respondents are not satisfied with the type of services they receive from the machineries. The
main reason is that advancement in technology, the type of functions that were used get changed.
Due to this issue, end users are not able to make sure of the machineries effective and thus they get
dissatisfied with the services that are delivered to patients. In accordance with the data gathered, it
70

is identified that there are different type of issues that are being faced by individuals who are the
end users. In this context, one of the main issue is related with difficulty that are faced by end users
to make use of machineries. With time, there are many changes that has taken place and so that the
rate of process which took can be reduced. Improvement in technology has helped in reducing the
time that was taken by the patients through which better quality services can be delivered. In this
context, improvement has raised the rate of complications to make use of the machineries. Further,
it has also increased the rate of confusions in order to operate the machineries. Moreover, it is
identified that the rate of quality that are delivered by some of the brands are low and this is a type
of issue that has affected the service quality. In such condition, it is important for the management
to make consideration through proper analysis and evaluation for the type of quality that is being
delivered by each of the organization. This can be determined as an effective way with the help of
which high quality services can be delivered to patients. Further, the type of facilities that are
delivered to employees are effective as the rate of experience that each of the end users have is high
and so that the reliability of the data that is collected is high.
7.3 Contribution to the body of Knowledge
In accordance with the belief that has developed by researcher, it is the first research. There
are different set of findings that are identified with this research. In this context, one of the findings
is related with the problems that are faced by end users with respect for making use of machineries.
Further, employees need to be provided with proper training so that they get to know about different
functions of machineries and make them use in effective manner. Further, the study also stated
many other type of references and other related sources from the study conducted from same field.
Further, there are many case studies presented in literature review that helped in raising in depth
understanding.
7.4 Result Limitations
There are different type of limitations that are faced by the research among one of the main
issues is related with finance or the cost incurred for the research was limited. There are five
different organizations included in the research and to gather information it requires one to have
proper financial support so that all the activities can be completed. Further, the determined time for
the research was also limited and so it was important to complete the tasks on time so that the time
determined may not get delayed.
7.5 Recommendations
There are different set of recommendations that can be made that should be considered by
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the hospitals. In this context, below given are few of the recommendations:
Training: It is essential for the management to make sure that proper training is being
provided to users of the machineries. As per the analysis, it was identified that they are not able to
make use of the machineries. In such condition, managers should monitor workers and identified
that issues that are faced by them accordingly training should be provided. With the help of training,
the type of issues that are faced by users will be solved. They will be able to save their time and to
deliver high quality services. With time there are changes that are identified in which changes are
identified in machineries. This becomes difficult for the end users to operate it in an effective
manner. With this respect, all the changes that are made by the companies should be conveyed and
end users should be provided with proper training by the management so that they will be able to
make use of the machineries. There are certain set of skills which are required by the end users so
that they get to deliver high quality services to patients. This is possible when end users are
provided training by considering the areas in which they lack.
Proper analysis: There are conditions in which the aim through which the firm make
purchases for the machineries is to make sure that patients are delivered with proper quality of
services. For this purpose, the machineries are bought but they do not get the required result. This
type of situation arise because of lack in proper analysis and research made. There are many types
of brand that provide hospitals with similar set of products and services. It is essential for the
management to conduct proper analysis of all the brands that deliver machineries to hospitals. With
this respect, it will help to focus on the requirements of what the management need. This way the
type of issue that was faced by end users mentioned in the questionnaire can be solved.
Feedback from patients: They are the one who make use of the services that are delivered by
the hospitals. When feedback will be taken from patients, then the type of problems that are faced
by them will be identified. Main aim of any health care firm is to make sure that all the patients who
visit with their health related problems are properly diagnosed. This is possible when end users and
with the support of other professionals and nurses are able to support each other and the issue is
solved and patient get proper quality of services. When the rate of problems that are faced by
patients are solved, then it is helpful enough to state that the performance will enable to increase the
profitability.
Suggestions from end users: They are the one who make use of the machineries and so they
have better understanding of the issues that they face by them in making use of the machineries.
When suggestion will be considered by end users, then management will be able to work on them
through which high quality services can be delivered to patients. There are also conditions
identified in which end users get demotivated with the type of work they perform and this is
72

because of lack of understanding towards the machineries. When proper consideration is made by
them, then it helpful for the management to take appropriate steps with the help of which the rate of
motivation level can be raised. By taking suggestion, it will enable to develop a sense of importance
among end users and they will put on their full efforts to support the organization in achieving their
goals and objectives.
Maintaining: In accordance with the analysis, it is identified that hospitals do not maintain
their machineries. It is important that they a team which will main the machineries time to time.
This will be helpful enough to make sure that clients get proper services. Further, it is also
important that management have financial support for the maintenance cost. There are certain set of
cost that is incurred in order to maintain. With these two aspect, which is training and maintenance,
management will be able to deliver their clients with high quality services and the type of problems
that are faced by end users will also be solved. When the machineries are not maintained, then the
time period in which the machineries get issues or stops working is raised and it becomes an issue
for the hospitals to get new one. In such condition the rate of expense increases but this type of
issues can be solved by have a team who have proper experience for handling and maintaining
machineries.
7.6 Conclusion
From this research, it can be articulated that individuals develop positive perception towards
the type of services only when organization make sure that all the equipments and machineries that
are being used are properly maintained. Further, workers are the face of organization as they have
direct interaction with customers they are one who deliver the services. When the end users are not
able to perform in an effective manner, then it is important for the management to understand the
type of problems that are faced by them accordingly steps should be taken to overcome them. In
accordance with the literature review, it can be stated that there are different organization that
deliver hospitals with different type of equipment’s and machineries. Hospitals make use of the
products that have high brand recognition. In such condition there are issues that are identified by
end users. In this context, one of the main issue is related with understand the way by which it can
be operated. End users expect that the machineries are easy to handle and saves time. Further, with
time there are many changes that take place in equipment and it becomes difficult for them to
operate. In such condition, it is important that proper steps are taken so that end users are provided
with proper training by management so that they will be able to make use of machineries and high
quality services are delivered to customers. Further, it is also important to understand that type of
issues that are being faced by end users. Accordingly, proper services should be provided with the
73

help of which they will be able to make use of the machineries and deliver proper services to
patients.
There are different type of consideration made in which, management need to understand the
type of issues that are being faced by end users or any other workers within the firm. When these
are not considered, then the rate of performance get negatively affected. Further, all the type of tools
and equipment’s that are provided by management should be easily handled by employees and for
this they should be provided with proper training and development programmes. There are
conditions in which even after delivering proper training, management does not get expected result.
In order to overcome this issue management should have proper monitoring of employees so that
the areas in which they lack can be identified. The rate of motivation gets reduced and workers are
not able to put on their full efforts to support the firm. When issues are identified and proper steps
are taken by them, then it enables to raise their interest towards the work.
7.7 Suggestion for further studies
As per the research conducted it can be stated that are still some areas in which research
need to be conducted in order to know the reasons due to which patients do not get proper services.
Further, around the world there are many other health care firms in which this type of research can
be conducted. The type of brands that are used by other firms will be different and so as the type of
issues or the problems will also differ.
74

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76

APPENDIX 1
Table 2: Short keys
KFMMC King Fahd Military Medical Complex
KFUH King Fahd University Hospital
KFSH King Fahad Specialist Hospital Dammam
DHC Dammam Central Hospital
APPENDIX 2
Questionnaire
The End-Users Perception of Selective Medical Equipments at Eastern Province at KSA For
Five Hospitals
Questionnaire
Please put (✓) on the answer that best represents your situation
1.What is your Nationality
O Saudi O Non Saudi
2. Which age groups you belong to?
77

O 20-30 O 30-40 O 40-50 O 50-60
3.What is your education background?
⎕ Diploma ⎕ Bachelor ⎕Master ⎕ PhD
4. What is your Hospital Name ?
O KFMMC O KFUH O KFSH O DCH O Al Mowasat Hospital
5. How many years of work experience you have?
O Less than 5 years O 6 to 10 years O 11 to 15 years O 16 to 20 years O More than 20
6. How long you have worked with your current hospital?
O Less than 5 years O 6 to 10 years O 11 to 15 years O 16 to 20 years O More than 20
7. Which of the following medical machines you handling?
O Mobile X-Ray O Endoscopy O Defibrillator O Ultra sound O Cautery
8. Which Brand of the medical machine currently you use?
O Philips O ZOLL O Olympus O ERBE
O GE O Physio Control O STORZ O Covidien
O Mindray O Nihon Kohden O R.WOLF
O Siemens
9. Do you think that machineries used in your hospital are helpful for diagnose or treatment
patients?
O Yes. O No. O Not sure.
10. Are you able to save your time by using machinery in hospital?
O Yes. O No.
11. Does all the machineries properly maintained?
O Yes. O No. O Not sure.
12. What are the reasons for dissatisfied due to use of machineries?
⎕ Bad Maintain. ⎕ Bad Support. ⎕ Costly Maintain. ⎕ Bad quality Brand.
⎕ Bad Resolution. ⎕ Not applied All Functions. ⎕ Difficult to use.
13. The reason for you select this brand is:
⎕ Easy to use. ⎕ Excellent support and services. ⎕ High Resolution. ⎕ Patient Safety.
14. Describe your relationship with the Brand Agent:
⎕ Excellent ⎕ Very Good ⎕ Good ⎕ Average ⎕ Poor
15. What is the main problems you have been faced for the brand support:
⎕ Financial and purchasing. ⎕ Low quality support. ⎕ No Any problems.
16. Provide suggestion to deliver high quality services to patients
78

________________________________________________________________.
Table 3: Dependent variables
The dependent
variables
Related Questions from the
Questionnaire
The source of
information
Respondents
information
What is your Nationality? Garmer, Ylven and Karlsson,
(2004)
Which age groups you belong to? Garmer, Ylven and Karlsson,
(2004)
What is your education background? Garmer, Ylven and Karlsson,
(2004)
What is your Hospital Name? Garmer, Ylven and Karlsson,
(2004)
Experience of
respondents
How many years of work experience you
have?
Garmer, Ylven and Karlsson,
(2004)
How long you have worked with your
current hospital?
Garmer, Ylven and Karlsson,
(2004)
Machineries and
brands
Which of the following medical machines
you handling?
Garmer, Ylven and Karlsson,
(2004)
Which Brand of the medical machine
currently you use?
Garmer, Ylven and Karlsson,
(2004)
Do you think that machineries used in
your hospital are helpful for diagnose or
treatment patients?
Garmer, Ylven and Karlsson,
(2004)
Are you able to save your time by using
machinery in hospital?
Garmer, Ylven and Karlsson,
(2004)
Does all the machineries properly
maintained?
Garmer, Ylven and Karlsson,
(2004)
79

Issues or problems
What are the reasons for dissatisfied due
to use of machineries?
Garmer, Ylven and Karlsson,
(2004)
The reason for you select this brand is: Garmer, Ylven and Karlsson,
(2004)
Describe your relationship with the Brand
Agent:
Garmer, Ylven and Karlsson,
(2004)
What is the main problems you have been
faced for the brand support:
Garmer, Ylven and Karlsson,
(2004)
80