The Endocrine System PDF
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Added on 2020-10-04
The Endocrine System PDF
Added on 2020-10-04
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The Endocrine System
TABLE OF CONTENTSTASK 1 ...........................................................................................................................................11.1 Simulation of hormone release ............................................................................................11.2 Difference between cellular interaction mechanism between cortisol and insulin ..............2TASK 2............................................................................................................................................22.1 Working of anterior lobe and hypothalamus ........................................................................22.2 Link of posterior pituitary gland with nervous system ........................................................4TASK 3............................................................................................................................................4Statement conclusion and functions of adrenal gland ................................................................43.1 Circumstances leading to secretion of adrenaline.................................................................53.2 Adrenal gland hormones and their impact ...........................................................................53.3 Role of adrenal gland in homeostasis ...................................................................................6TASK 4............................................................................................................................................61 Determining presence of glucose in urine ...............................................................................62 Graphical analysis for the relation between glucose and insulin ............................................7REFERENCES ...............................................................................................................................9
TASK 1 1.1 Simulation of hormone release Control of secretion(Stimulus)Hormone (s)Principal action Enhanced level of bloodglucose Insulin It enables the entry of glucoseinto cells so that it can be usedas energy and to maintain theblood sugar level. Strong and intense emotionslike anger, stress and fearNorepinephrine andEpinephrine These hormones areresponsible for flight or fightaction . Under stress thishormone increases heart rate orcardiac output and releaseglucose so that blood flow canbe increased to muscles. Release of thyroid stimulatinghormone (TSH) from anteriorpituitary gland. Thyroxine It stimulates the metabolicprocesses so that basalmetabolic rate can be increased(La Perle and Dintzis, 2018).Thus acts on digestive andheart functions, musclecontrol, brain development andbone health. Generation of LH and FSHhormone in pituitary gland Reproductive hormones likeestrogens and testosterone To repair and maintain thereproductive tissues and topromote their growth. Plasma osmolarity (soluteconcentration in the blood )Antidiuretic hormone(Peptide hormones)It balances the waterconcentration in blood. For thisaction antidiuretic hormoneinserts aquaporins or waterchannels into kidney tubules1
membrane so that water can beeasily reabsorbed. 1.2 Difference between cellular interaction mechanism between cortisol and insulin Water soluble hormones such as insulin are able to freely move within blood. Howeverthey are not soluble with fat structures such as cell membrane and nucleus so they cannot directlypenetrate into the cell. Instead these hormones binds outside the cell and generate signals fromthese exterior receptor site. Due to this reason insulin is often regarded as a key which unlocks acell by generating signal after getting attached to it. This interaction allow the cells to transportsugar from bloodstreams. Contrary to this mechanism the fat or lipid soluble hormones like cortisol are repelled byfluids or water (Ahmed, 2016). The fatty structure of this hormone is similar to the structure ofcell surrounding. Thus they can easily travel to the targeted cell where they can easily bind to thelocation of receptor. In the cytoplasm of the cell specific receptors are present with whichcortisol hormone binds and then enters into nucleus for performing its functional action. TASK 22.1 Working of anterior lobe and hypothalamus Pituitary or master gland controls the other hormonal glands. The hypothalamus is brainpart which monitors the body system and is connected to anterior lobe of pituitary gland throughportal blood system. The hormones produced by hypothalamus (called peptide hormones) controlthe hormone secretion in anterior pituitary. The secreted hormone by anterior pituitary isproduced in hypothalamus which is then secreted into blood. Some of the hormones produced bythis interaction are TSH, FSH, LH and ACTH which are known as tropic hormones. The tropichormones controls the regulation of other glands. 2
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