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Female Reproductive System: External Genitalia, Duct System, Ovaries, and Mammary Glands
Added on -2019-09-20
This article discusses the female reproductive system, including the external genitalia, duct system, ovaries, and mammary glands. It explains the functions of each part and their importance in reproduction.
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1.The external genitalia of female include those structure that lie external to the vaginaThe female reproductive organs can be divided into internal and external genitalia. The internal genitalia are present within the true pelvis and include cervix, vagina, uterus, ovaries etc. the external genitalia of the female includes the area outside true pelvis which includes mons pubis, perineum, urethral, labia major and minor, greater vestibular, periurethral area, skene grlands etc.The mons pubis is a mound of fatty tissues covering the pubic bone and is covered with the genital hair. It has a oil-secreting glands which releases pheromones while sexual attractions. The labia majora are fleshly folds enclosing the external genital organs and contain sebaceous and sweat glands producing the lubricating secretions. Whereas the labia minora are present inside the labia majora surrounding the urethra and vagina and are pink in colour due to blood vessels. These blood vessels are seen to be engorged with blood flow which causes it to swell. Further the vestibule is seen to have two openings where the larger vaginal orifice presents th vaginal entrance and the smaller urethral orifice allows exiting of the urine from the body as one of the important part of urinary system as well (Anon. 1994). 2.The female duct system include the uterine tubes, uterus and vagina.The vagina is seen to extend down to the lower part of the uterus known as the cervix and goes on to the vestibule which is an integral part of the external genitalia and vulva. This part is
present in front of the rectum and behind the bladder. The muscles wall of vagina is smooth and is lined by the inner mucous membrane. Exactly like the inner layer of the uterine tubes, this lining is seen to be continuous with the uterus and its mucous lining. The three primary functionsof the vagina are: receiving the male penis while experiencing the sexual intercourse, carrying the menstrual flow outside and serving as a birth canal while experiencing the labor pain. The uterus has a shape of upside-down pear and has muscular walls with thick linings containing the strongest muscles which have the capacity of contracting and expanding and can accommodate the growing fetus during pregnancy. The upper corner of uterus are connected to the ovaries using the fallopian tubes (Avraham, Regina, 2001) C. Immature eggs develop in follicles in the ovariesThe ovaries are two oval-shaped organs that lie to the upper right and left of the uterus. They produce, store, and release eggs into the fallopian tubes in the process called ovulation. The female gametes are seen to be produced from the ovaries whereas the sex hormones are secreted rom the progesterone and the estrogen. These ovaries are filled with the follicles which are structure with fluids where the eggs or the oocytes grow till they mature. As the females are incapable of producing or making new eggs, a continuous decline in the eggs is seen every month. The ovarian follicles are sac-like structures which contain oocyte that is enclosed with the different layers. These follicles have different structures at different stages as primordial, primary and vesicular or secondary follicles (Enger, Eldon D, Frederick C Ross, and David B Bailey. n.d)Every month, a large supply of eggs are present in the ovary which are either primordial or immature in nature and come to maturation after the while. Till then, the follicles of the ovary
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