The GLOBAL ECONOMY 20 20 Running Head
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The deflationary pressure caused by a 2010 unfavorable terms of trade contributes by a 2001 unfavorable terms of trade contributes to an increases in real GDP growth rate to catch up the nominal GDP growth. Answer 2 Table 1: Unemployment, inflation, gross capital formation and expense in Australia Australia Year Inflation Unemployment Gross capital formation Expense 1997 3.2226799 2001 13 9.579999924 24.22299997 23.1593187 1992 2.3859 0.915493 10.72827999954 22.3441433 24.42
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Running Head: THE GLOBAL ECONOMY
The Global Economy
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The Global Economy
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1THE GLOBAL ECONOMY
Table of Contents
Part A...............................................................................................................................................2
Answer 1......................................................................................................................................2
Answer 2......................................................................................................................................3
Answer 3....................................................................................................................................13
Part B.............................................................................................................................................13
Answer 4....................................................................................................................................13
Aggregate Expenditure model.......................................................................................................13
Answer 5....................................................................................................................................15
Policy action of central bank.....................................................................................................16
Part C.............................................................................................................................................17
Introduction................................................................................................................................17
Economics Teacher: Roles and Skills required.........................................................................17
Personal attraction towards the job............................................................................................18
Video Analysis...........................................................................................................................19
Action Plan................................................................................................................................19
References......................................................................................................................................21
Table of Contents
Part A...............................................................................................................................................2
Answer 1......................................................................................................................................2
Answer 2......................................................................................................................................3
Answer 3....................................................................................................................................13
Part B.............................................................................................................................................13
Answer 4....................................................................................................................................13
Aggregate Expenditure model.......................................................................................................13
Answer 5....................................................................................................................................15
Policy action of central bank.....................................................................................................16
Part C.............................................................................................................................................17
Introduction................................................................................................................................17
Economics Teacher: Roles and Skills required.........................................................................17
Personal attraction towards the job............................................................................................18
Video Analysis...........................................................................................................................19
Action Plan................................................................................................................................19
References......................................................................................................................................21
2THE GLOBAL ECONOMY
Part A
Answer 1
Dec-1990
Dec-1991
Dec-1992
Dec-1993
Dec-1994
Dec-1995
Dec-1996
Dec-1997
Dec-1998
Dec-1999
Dec-2000
Dec-2001
Dec-2002
Dec-2003
Dec-2004
Dec-2005
Dec-2006
Dec-2007
Dec-2008
Dec-2009
Dec-2010
Dec-2011
Dec-2012
Dec-2013
Dec-2014
Dec-2015
Dec-2016
0
100000
200000
300000
400000
500000
Nominal and Real GDP
Nominal GDP Real GDP
Year
GDP
Figure 1: Nominal and real GDP at levels
(Source: abs.gov.au 2018)
Dec-1990
Feb-1992
Apr-1993
Jun-1994
Aug-1995
Oct-1996
Dec-1997
Feb-1999
Apr-2000
Jun-2001
Aug-2002
Oct-2003
Dec-2004
Feb-2006
Apr-2007
Jun-2008
Aug-2009
Oct-2010
Dec-2011
Feb-2013
Apr-2014
Jun-2015
Aug-2016
-2
0
2
4
GDP Growth
Real GDP Nominal GDP
Quarters
Growth (%)
Figure 2: Trend growth rate of nominal and real GDP
(Source: abs.gov.au 2018)
Part A
Answer 1
Dec-1990
Dec-1991
Dec-1992
Dec-1993
Dec-1994
Dec-1995
Dec-1996
Dec-1997
Dec-1998
Dec-1999
Dec-2000
Dec-2001
Dec-2002
Dec-2003
Dec-2004
Dec-2005
Dec-2006
Dec-2007
Dec-2008
Dec-2009
Dec-2010
Dec-2011
Dec-2012
Dec-2013
Dec-2014
Dec-2015
Dec-2016
0
100000
200000
300000
400000
500000
Nominal and Real GDP
Nominal GDP Real GDP
Year
GDP
Figure 1: Nominal and real GDP at levels
(Source: abs.gov.au 2018)
Dec-1990
Feb-1992
Apr-1993
Jun-1994
Aug-1995
Oct-1996
Dec-1997
Feb-1999
Apr-2000
Jun-2001
Aug-2002
Oct-2003
Dec-2004
Feb-2006
Apr-2007
Jun-2008
Aug-2009
Oct-2010
Dec-2011
Feb-2013
Apr-2014
Jun-2015
Aug-2016
-2
0
2
4
GDP Growth
Real GDP Nominal GDP
Quarters
Growth (%)
Figure 2: Trend growth rate of nominal and real GDP
(Source: abs.gov.au 2018)
3THE GLOBAL ECONOMY
The monetary value of nation output is measured using Gross Domestic Demand. In
computation of GDP the market price of the goods or services are required along with their
volume. In case of nominal GDP, goods are valued in current prices. When output is valued in at
a constant fixed year prices, then it is called real GDP. As a fixed base year is used in computing
real GDP, the output value is adjusted for inflation giving a more accurate measure of output (De
Vroey 2016). An increase in nominal GDP cause an increase or decrease in real GDP depending
on the price level.
In Australia, both the nominal and real GDP increases overtime indicating an increase in
overall output and economic expansion. With a greater control over the level of prices, the
nominal and real GDP gradually approaching towards each other. The measure of trend growth
rate shows that nominal GDP grows faster than real GDP. The deflationary pressure caused by a
unfavorable terms of trade contributes to an increases in real GDP growth rate to catch up the
nominal GDP growth.
Answer 2
Table 1: Unemployment, inflation, gross capital formation and expense in Australia
Australia
Year Inflation Unemployment Gross capital formation Expense
1991 3.222679913 9.579999924 24.22299997 23.1593187
1992 0.985915493 10.72999954 22.3441433 24.42396422
1993 1.813110181 10.86999989 23.59408776 24.94978282
1994 1.894977169 9.720000267 24.25033711 25.06025128
1995 4.638135783 8.470000267 25.93691424 25.37035171
1996 2.6124197 8.510000229 24.77917213 24.53408057
1997 0.250417362 8.359999657 24.7971273 23.78070009
1998 0.853455454 7.679999828 25.46564777 21.32156079
1999 1.465428277 6.869999886 26.09806763 24.53381643
2000 4.475183076 6.28000021 26.27650167 24.07095833
2001 4.380841121 6.739999771 23.42282754 26.3303033
The monetary value of nation output is measured using Gross Domestic Demand. In
computation of GDP the market price of the goods or services are required along with their
volume. In case of nominal GDP, goods are valued in current prices. When output is valued in at
a constant fixed year prices, then it is called real GDP. As a fixed base year is used in computing
real GDP, the output value is adjusted for inflation giving a more accurate measure of output (De
Vroey 2016). An increase in nominal GDP cause an increase or decrease in real GDP depending
on the price level.
In Australia, both the nominal and real GDP increases overtime indicating an increase in
overall output and economic expansion. With a greater control over the level of prices, the
nominal and real GDP gradually approaching towards each other. The measure of trend growth
rate shows that nominal GDP grows faster than real GDP. The deflationary pressure caused by a
unfavorable terms of trade contributes to an increases in real GDP growth rate to catch up the
nominal GDP growth.
Answer 2
Table 1: Unemployment, inflation, gross capital formation and expense in Australia
Australia
Year Inflation Unemployment Gross capital formation Expense
1991 3.222679913 9.579999924 24.22299997 23.1593187
1992 0.985915493 10.72999954 22.3441433 24.42396422
1993 1.813110181 10.86999989 23.59408776 24.94978282
1994 1.894977169 9.720000267 24.25033711 25.06025128
1995 4.638135783 8.470000267 25.93691424 25.37035171
1996 2.6124197 8.510000229 24.77917213 24.53408057
1997 0.250417362 8.359999657 24.7971273 23.78070009
1998 0.853455454 7.679999828 25.46564777 21.32156079
1999 1.465428277 6.869999886 26.09806763 24.53381643
2000 4.475183076 6.28000021 26.27650167 24.07095833
2001 4.380841121 6.739999771 23.42282754 26.3303033
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4THE GLOBAL ECONOMY
2002 3.00317105 6.369999886 24.39965103 26.44611444
2003 2.770735241 5.929999828 25.9254454 25.8340018
2004 2.343612335 5.389999866 27.06087433 25.67329182
2005 2.668732782 5.03000021 27.4254073 25.61578597
2006 3.538487339 4.78000021 27.65794856 24.92062761
2007 2.332361516 4.380000114 27.84585816 24.47849996
2008 4.352643242 4.230000019 29.12600769 24.31734064
2009 1.82011224 5.559999943 27.90602567 26.482355
2010 2.845225682 5.210000038 27.5528937 26.77540331
2011 3.303850156 5.079999924 27.11341551 25.96923518
2012 1.762780156 5.21999979 28.32663311 26.24604405
2013 2.449888641 5.659999847 28.44050751 25.98320556
2014 2.487922705 6.070000172 27.20492597 26.40565053
2015 1.508366722 6.059999943 26.73764514 26.86225739
2016 1.276990945 5.71999979 25.53702298 27.03986551
(Source: data.worldbank.org)
Table 2: unemployment, Inflation, gross capital formation and expense in United Kingdom
United Kingdom
Year Inflation Unemploymen
t
Gross capital
formation
Expense
1991 7.532649 8.55 19.59018 34.78408
1992 4.261548 9.78 18.83031 37.64063
1993 2.5065 10.35 18.37509 37.36898
1994 1.97849 9.65 19.37552 37.07977
1995 2.656452 8.69 18.63725 35.24609
1996 2.481101 8.19 18.84126 34.02947
1997 1.777946 7.07 18.01168 32.9629
1998 1.588924 6.2 18.62629 32.36898
1999 1.335407 6.04 18.0644 32.16804
2000 0.785269 5.56 18.46573 32.54879
2001 1.235895 4.7 17.8566 33.12253
2002 1.256192 5.04 17.76296 34.23308
2003 1.362922 4.81 17.38414 35.58366
2004 1.344596 4.59 17.02408 36.16253
2005 2.049668 4.75 17.21945 36.6333
2006 2.333528 5.35 17.59422 36.70877
2007 2.321036 5.26 18.11053 36.92255
2008 3.613499 5.62 16.99368 39.87988
2009 2.166231 7.54 14.42836 42.31741
2010 3.285714 7.79 15.67951 43.10665
2002 3.00317105 6.369999886 24.39965103 26.44611444
2003 2.770735241 5.929999828 25.9254454 25.8340018
2004 2.343612335 5.389999866 27.06087433 25.67329182
2005 2.668732782 5.03000021 27.4254073 25.61578597
2006 3.538487339 4.78000021 27.65794856 24.92062761
2007 2.332361516 4.380000114 27.84585816 24.47849996
2008 4.352643242 4.230000019 29.12600769 24.31734064
2009 1.82011224 5.559999943 27.90602567 26.482355
2010 2.845225682 5.210000038 27.5528937 26.77540331
2011 3.303850156 5.079999924 27.11341551 25.96923518
2012 1.762780156 5.21999979 28.32663311 26.24604405
2013 2.449888641 5.659999847 28.44050751 25.98320556
2014 2.487922705 6.070000172 27.20492597 26.40565053
2015 1.508366722 6.059999943 26.73764514 26.86225739
2016 1.276990945 5.71999979 25.53702298 27.03986551
(Source: data.worldbank.org)
Table 2: unemployment, Inflation, gross capital formation and expense in United Kingdom
United Kingdom
Year Inflation Unemploymen
t
Gross capital
formation
Expense
1991 7.532649 8.55 19.59018 34.78408
1992 4.261548 9.78 18.83031 37.64063
1993 2.5065 10.35 18.37509 37.36898
1994 1.97849 9.65 19.37552 37.07977
1995 2.656452 8.69 18.63725 35.24609
1996 2.481101 8.19 18.84126 34.02947
1997 1.777946 7.07 18.01168 32.9629
1998 1.588924 6.2 18.62629 32.36898
1999 1.335407 6.04 18.0644 32.16804
2000 0.785269 5.56 18.46573 32.54879
2001 1.235895 4.7 17.8566 33.12253
2002 1.256192 5.04 17.76296 34.23308
2003 1.362922 4.81 17.38414 35.58366
2004 1.344596 4.59 17.02408 36.16253
2005 2.049668 4.75 17.21945 36.6333
2006 2.333528 5.35 17.59422 36.70877
2007 2.321036 5.26 18.11053 36.92255
2008 3.613499 5.62 16.99368 39.87988
2009 2.166231 7.54 14.42836 42.31741
2010 3.285714 7.79 15.67951 43.10665
5THE GLOBAL ECONOMY
2011 4.48424 8.04 15.55917 41.83205
2012 2.82171 7.89 15.75748 42.46923
2013 2.554547 7.53 16.35796 40.15876
2014 1.460192 6.11 17.11075 39.28458
2015 0.050021 5.3 16.97235 38.41641
2016 0.641613 4.81 16.96858 37.29929
(Source: data.worldbank.org)
Table 3: unemployment, Inflation, gross capital formation and expense in South Korea
South Korea
Year Inflation Unemployment Gross capital formation Expense
1991 9.3 2.410000086 41.37406165 13.3792593
1992 6.306306 2.50999999 38.48519801 13.62914127
1993 4.745763 2.880000114 37.47954115 13.33489425
1994 6.256742 2.480000019 38.5391289 13.41987061
1995 4.479695 2.059999943 39.0032945 13.29596568
1996 4.923429 2.049999952 39.68096241 13.51745684
1997 4.446869 2.609999895 37.42467905 13.33786873
1998 7.51208 6.960000038 27.76189528 15.64550787
1999 0.811448 6.340000153 30.91629559 15.22116193
2000 2.265333 4.420000076 32.9417149 15.78950954
2001 4.06642 4 31.55958695 16.77824298
2002 2.762511 3.279999971 30.93958059 15.90158752
2003 3.514879 3.559999943 32.01490957 17.86543884
2004 3.590591 3.670000076 32.11707412 17.80394405
2005 2.75409 3.730000019 32.16306462 18.54888028
2006 2.241847 3.450000048 32.70068793 19.31135155
2007 2.534847 3.230000019 32.57953116 18.82266703
2008 4.673796 3.160000086 33.01850389 19.14187425
2009 2.756686 3.640000105 28.4656577 20.20127708
2010 2.939181 3.720000029 32.02287506 18.42542179
2011 4.025846 3.410000086 32.95883261 18.90133685
2012 2.187221 3.220000029 31.00122857 25.75391299
2013 1.301377 3.119999886 29.10221685 25.23258321
2014 1.2748 3.529999971 29.27691005 24.84029804
2015 0.706963 3.630000114 28.91811192 24.89953205
2016 0.97 3.710000038 29.20956543 24.98822488
(Source: data.worldbank.org)
Table 4: unemployment, Inflation, gross capital formation and expense in Japan
2011 4.48424 8.04 15.55917 41.83205
2012 2.82171 7.89 15.75748 42.46923
2013 2.554547 7.53 16.35796 40.15876
2014 1.460192 6.11 17.11075 39.28458
2015 0.050021 5.3 16.97235 38.41641
2016 0.641613 4.81 16.96858 37.29929
(Source: data.worldbank.org)
Table 3: unemployment, Inflation, gross capital formation and expense in South Korea
South Korea
Year Inflation Unemployment Gross capital formation Expense
1991 9.3 2.410000086 41.37406165 13.3792593
1992 6.306306 2.50999999 38.48519801 13.62914127
1993 4.745763 2.880000114 37.47954115 13.33489425
1994 6.256742 2.480000019 38.5391289 13.41987061
1995 4.479695 2.059999943 39.0032945 13.29596568
1996 4.923429 2.049999952 39.68096241 13.51745684
1997 4.446869 2.609999895 37.42467905 13.33786873
1998 7.51208 6.960000038 27.76189528 15.64550787
1999 0.811448 6.340000153 30.91629559 15.22116193
2000 2.265333 4.420000076 32.9417149 15.78950954
2001 4.06642 4 31.55958695 16.77824298
2002 2.762511 3.279999971 30.93958059 15.90158752
2003 3.514879 3.559999943 32.01490957 17.86543884
2004 3.590591 3.670000076 32.11707412 17.80394405
2005 2.75409 3.730000019 32.16306462 18.54888028
2006 2.241847 3.450000048 32.70068793 19.31135155
2007 2.534847 3.230000019 32.57953116 18.82266703
2008 4.673796 3.160000086 33.01850389 19.14187425
2009 2.756686 3.640000105 28.4656577 20.20127708
2010 2.939181 3.720000029 32.02287506 18.42542179
2011 4.025846 3.410000086 32.95883261 18.90133685
2012 2.187221 3.220000029 31.00122857 25.75391299
2013 1.301377 3.119999886 29.10221685 25.23258321
2014 1.2748 3.529999971 29.27691005 24.84029804
2015 0.706963 3.630000114 28.91811192 24.89953205
2016 0.97 3.710000038 29.20956543 24.98822488
(Source: data.worldbank.org)
Table 4: unemployment, Inflation, gross capital formation and expense in Japan
6THE GLOBAL ECONOMY
Japan
Year Inflation Unemploymen
t
Gross capital
formation
Expense
1991 3.29806 2.09 33.93256909 29.68
1992 1.707359 2.16 32.16449203 30.57
1993 1.267416 2.51 30.77640483 32.37
1994 0.68794 2.89 29.54485774 15.23929
1995 -0.12348 3.15 29.88285636 15.22473
1996 0.131872 3.35 30.86515221 15.1676
1997 1.761462 3.39 29.95099622 14.63257
1998 0.663269 4.11 28.51517087 20.39496
1999 -0.32945 4.68 27.11881302 17.542
2000 -0.65302 4.73 27.30713149 17.34241
2001 -0.74006 5.04 26.56051089 16.46877
2002 -0.92349 5.37 24.65550435 16.36226
2003 -0.25654 5.25 24.39723113 15.97741
2004 -0.00857 4.71 24.34862277 15.34087
2005 -0.28295 4.42 24.74947189 15.31547
2006 0.249355 4.13 24.74862858 15.07756
2007 0.060039 3.85 24.48344725 14.17419
2008 1.380079 3.98 24.54784828 15.46619
2009 -1.35284 5.08 21.32367452 18.40497
2010 -0.71998 5.07 21.29748564 17.39946
2011 -0.26763 4.55 22.10330102 18.8211
2012 -0.05194 4.35 22.65442345 18.33817
2013 0.34644 4.03 23.19090989 18.34244
2014 2.761954 3.58 23.91610038 17.77248
2015 0.789518 3.33 24.0053024 17.14929
2016 -0.11667 3.13 23.56428446 16.93938
(Source: data.worldbank.org)
Table 5: unemployment, Inflation, gross capital formation and expense in China
China
Year Inflation Unemployment Gross capital formation Expens
e
1991 3.556686 4.889999866 35.8658256 16.55
1992 6.353981 4.389999866 39.83722181 14.65
1993 14.61008 4.329999924 44.24292895 13.41
1994 24.25734 4.340000153 40.94850525 12.36
1995 16.78945 4.550000191 39.68463866 11.09
1996 8.312847 4.590000153 38.37235534 11.01
Japan
Year Inflation Unemploymen
t
Gross capital
formation
Expense
1991 3.29806 2.09 33.93256909 29.68
1992 1.707359 2.16 32.16449203 30.57
1993 1.267416 2.51 30.77640483 32.37
1994 0.68794 2.89 29.54485774 15.23929
1995 -0.12348 3.15 29.88285636 15.22473
1996 0.131872 3.35 30.86515221 15.1676
1997 1.761462 3.39 29.95099622 14.63257
1998 0.663269 4.11 28.51517087 20.39496
1999 -0.32945 4.68 27.11881302 17.542
2000 -0.65302 4.73 27.30713149 17.34241
2001 -0.74006 5.04 26.56051089 16.46877
2002 -0.92349 5.37 24.65550435 16.36226
2003 -0.25654 5.25 24.39723113 15.97741
2004 -0.00857 4.71 24.34862277 15.34087
2005 -0.28295 4.42 24.74947189 15.31547
2006 0.249355 4.13 24.74862858 15.07756
2007 0.060039 3.85 24.48344725 14.17419
2008 1.380079 3.98 24.54784828 15.46619
2009 -1.35284 5.08 21.32367452 18.40497
2010 -0.71998 5.07 21.29748564 17.39946
2011 -0.26763 4.55 22.10330102 18.8211
2012 -0.05194 4.35 22.65442345 18.33817
2013 0.34644 4.03 23.19090989 18.34244
2014 2.761954 3.58 23.91610038 17.77248
2015 0.789518 3.33 24.0053024 17.14929
2016 -0.11667 3.13 23.56428446 16.93938
(Source: data.worldbank.org)
Table 5: unemployment, Inflation, gross capital formation and expense in China
China
Year Inflation Unemployment Gross capital formation Expens
e
1991 3.556686 4.889999866 35.8658256 16.55
1992 6.353981 4.389999866 39.83722181 14.65
1993 14.61008 4.329999924 44.24292895 13.41
1994 24.25734 4.340000153 40.94850525 12.36
1995 16.78945 4.550000191 39.68463866 11.09
1996 8.312847 4.590000153 38.37235534 11.01
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7THE GLOBAL ECONOMY
1997 2.787113 4.599999905 36.33715573 11.54
1998 -0.84954 4.730000019 35.67868627 12.63
1999 -1.35851 4.699999809 34.96477981 14.9
2000 0.256518 4.53000021 34.42965254 16.14
2001 0.719808 4.53000021 36.42225471 17.31
2002 -0.76672 4.409999847 37.07754181 18.32
2003 1.164518 4.300000191 40.63154952 18.07
2004 3.888816 4.300000191 42.89449013 17.72
2005 1.813995 4.139999866 41.3912114 18.12
2006 1.466078 4 40.93327269 18.2
2007 4.767211 3.75999999 41.46315155 18.07
2008 5.843024 4.360000134 43.26637446 22.39
2009 -0.70063 4.288000107 46.44130408 25.52
2010 3.325775 4.199999809 47.61226023 24.96
2011 5.410918 4.340000153 47.68586754 27.01
2012 2.643052 4.46999979 47.23453111 28.06
2013 2.628086 4.539999962 47.38775199 28.54
2014 2.000345 4.592999935 47.00771662 28.97
2015 1.437025 4.605000019 45.40088041 31.32
2016 2 4.649000168 44.31060661 31.95
(Source: data.worldbank.org)
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
2013
2014
2015
2016-5
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
Inflation
Inflation (AUS) Inflation (China) Inflation (South Korea
Inflation (Japan) Inflation (UK)
Year
Inflation rate
Figure 3: Trend in inflation for five countries together
1997 2.787113 4.599999905 36.33715573 11.54
1998 -0.84954 4.730000019 35.67868627 12.63
1999 -1.35851 4.699999809 34.96477981 14.9
2000 0.256518 4.53000021 34.42965254 16.14
2001 0.719808 4.53000021 36.42225471 17.31
2002 -0.76672 4.409999847 37.07754181 18.32
2003 1.164518 4.300000191 40.63154952 18.07
2004 3.888816 4.300000191 42.89449013 17.72
2005 1.813995 4.139999866 41.3912114 18.12
2006 1.466078 4 40.93327269 18.2
2007 4.767211 3.75999999 41.46315155 18.07
2008 5.843024 4.360000134 43.26637446 22.39
2009 -0.70063 4.288000107 46.44130408 25.52
2010 3.325775 4.199999809 47.61226023 24.96
2011 5.410918 4.340000153 47.68586754 27.01
2012 2.643052 4.46999979 47.23453111 28.06
2013 2.628086 4.539999962 47.38775199 28.54
2014 2.000345 4.592999935 47.00771662 28.97
2015 1.437025 4.605000019 45.40088041 31.32
2016 2 4.649000168 44.31060661 31.95
(Source: data.worldbank.org)
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
2013
2014
2015
2016-5
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
Inflation
Inflation (AUS) Inflation (China) Inflation (South Korea
Inflation (Japan) Inflation (UK)
Year
Inflation rate
Figure 3: Trend in inflation for five countries together
8THE GLOBAL ECONOMY
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
2013
2014
2015
2016
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
Australia
Unemployment Gross capital formation Expense
Figure 4: Gross capital formation, expense and unemployment in Australia
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
2013
2014
2015
2016
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
China
Gross capital formation Expense Unemployment
Figure 5: Gross capital formation, expense and unemployment in China
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
2013
2014
2015
2016
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
Australia
Unemployment Gross capital formation Expense
Figure 4: Gross capital formation, expense and unemployment in Australia
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
2013
2014
2015
2016
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
China
Gross capital formation Expense Unemployment
Figure 5: Gross capital formation, expense and unemployment in China
9THE GLOBAL ECONOMY
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
2013
2014
2015
2016
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
50
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
United Kingdom
Gross capital formation Expense Unemployment
Figure 6: Gross capital formation, expense and unemployment in United Kingdom
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
2013
2014
2015
2016
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
South Korea
Gross capital formation Expense Unemployment
Figure 7: Gross capital formation, expense and unemployment in South Korea
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
2013
2014
2015
2016
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
50
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
United Kingdom
Gross capital formation Expense Unemployment
Figure 6: Gross capital formation, expense and unemployment in United Kingdom
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
2013
2014
2015
2016
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
South Korea
Gross capital formation Expense Unemployment
Figure 7: Gross capital formation, expense and unemployment in South Korea
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10THE GLOBAL ECONOMY
1991
1993
1995
1997
1999
2001
2003
2005
2007
2009
2011
2013
2015
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
Japan
Gross capital formation Expense
Unemployment
Figure 8: Gross capital formation, expense and unemployment in Japan
Gross capital formation shows the additional changes in the net physical assets of a
nation. In an economy government undertakes several expenditures to support the nation which
are measured as a percentage of GDP. Unemployment reflects the status of labor market. All the
three are important indicators of macroeconomic performances (Heijdra 2017).
An overtime changes in the three indicators are taken into consideration for the five
nations namely Australia, China, Japan, South Korea and United Kingdom. In the list some are
already developed while some are developing. Starting with Australia, gross capital formation
has increased steadily overtime. In the development process of Australia government has a
significant contribution as reflected from an increasing share of government expenditure in GDP.
The unemployment has accounted a gradual declining trend with unemployment rate being
approximate 5% in 2016. For United Kingdom, gross capital formation has slowed down. The
stable growth rate thus needs support from government. The percentage share of government
expenditure has remained at a high level helping to reduce unemployment to 4% in 206 from 8%
1991
1993
1995
1997
1999
2001
2003
2005
2007
2009
2011
2013
2015
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
Japan
Gross capital formation Expense
Unemployment
Figure 8: Gross capital formation, expense and unemployment in Japan
Gross capital formation shows the additional changes in the net physical assets of a
nation. In an economy government undertakes several expenditures to support the nation which
are measured as a percentage of GDP. Unemployment reflects the status of labor market. All the
three are important indicators of macroeconomic performances (Heijdra 2017).
An overtime changes in the three indicators are taken into consideration for the five
nations namely Australia, China, Japan, South Korea and United Kingdom. In the list some are
already developed while some are developing. Starting with Australia, gross capital formation
has increased steadily overtime. In the development process of Australia government has a
significant contribution as reflected from an increasing share of government expenditure in GDP.
The unemployment has accounted a gradual declining trend with unemployment rate being
approximate 5% in 2016. For United Kingdom, gross capital formation has slowed down. The
stable growth rate thus needs support from government. The percentage share of government
expenditure has remained at a high level helping to reduce unemployment to 4% in 206 from 8%
11THE GLOBAL ECONOMY
in 1991. China has recorded a stable unemployment rate of 4% with a high share of government
expenditure and gross capital formation. In Japan, government expense does not show any
significant and gross capital formation also shows a declining trend. The unemployment rate
though decreases recently but is higher than that in 1991. For South Korea, gross capital
formation declines overtime with a slow progress of the share of government expense. As like
Japan, South Korea also though the unemployment rate declines in recent years but it is higher
than the initial level.
A comparative analysis now can be made based on the performance of these indicators.
In the developed nations like Australia and United Kingdom, share of government expense is
much higher than that in China, Japan and South Korea. Despite a small share of government
expenditure, the unemployment rate in these three nation is either same or lower than that in
Australia and United Kingdom. The gross capital formation follows an increasing trend for china
and Australia while the rest three shows a declining trend.
01-Jan-1991
01-May-1992
01-Sep-1993
01-Jan-1995
01-May-1996
01-Sep-1997
01-Jan-1999
01-May-2000
01-Sep-2001
01-Jan-2003
01-May-2004
01-Sep-2005
01-Jan-2007
01-May-2008
01-Sep-2009
01-Jan-2011
01-May-2012
01-Sep-2013
01-Jan-2015
01-May-2016-5000
-4000
-3000
-2000
-1000
0
1000
2000
3000
4000
5000
0.0000
0.1000
0.2000
0.3000
0.4000
0.5000
0.6000
0.7000
0.8000
Balance of Trade AUD/GBP
Figure 9: Trade balance and movement of AUD/GBP
(Source: rba.gov.au 2018)
in 1991. China has recorded a stable unemployment rate of 4% with a high share of government
expenditure and gross capital formation. In Japan, government expense does not show any
significant and gross capital formation also shows a declining trend. The unemployment rate
though decreases recently but is higher than that in 1991. For South Korea, gross capital
formation declines overtime with a slow progress of the share of government expense. As like
Japan, South Korea also though the unemployment rate declines in recent years but it is higher
than the initial level.
A comparative analysis now can be made based on the performance of these indicators.
In the developed nations like Australia and United Kingdom, share of government expense is
much higher than that in China, Japan and South Korea. Despite a small share of government
expenditure, the unemployment rate in these three nation is either same or lower than that in
Australia and United Kingdom. The gross capital formation follows an increasing trend for china
and Australia while the rest three shows a declining trend.
01-Jan-1991
01-May-1992
01-Sep-1993
01-Jan-1995
01-May-1996
01-Sep-1997
01-Jan-1999
01-May-2000
01-Sep-2001
01-Jan-2003
01-May-2004
01-Sep-2005
01-Jan-2007
01-May-2008
01-Sep-2009
01-Jan-2011
01-May-2012
01-Sep-2013
01-Jan-2015
01-May-2016-5000
-4000
-3000
-2000
-1000
0
1000
2000
3000
4000
5000
0.0000
0.1000
0.2000
0.3000
0.4000
0.5000
0.6000
0.7000
0.8000
Balance of Trade AUD/GBP
Figure 9: Trade balance and movement of AUD/GBP
(Source: rba.gov.au 2018)
12THE GLOBAL ECONOMY
01-Jan-1991
01-Apr-1992
01-Jul-1993
01-Oct-1994
01-Jan-1996
01-Apr-1997
01-Jul-1998
01-Oct-1999
01-Jan-2001
01-Apr-2002
01-Jul-2003
01-Oct-2004
01-Jan-2006
01-Apr-2007
01-Jul-2008
01-Oct-2009
01-Jan-2011
01-Apr-2012
01-Jul-2013
01-Oct-2014
01-Jan-2016
-5000
-4000
-3000
-2000
-1000
0
1000
2000
3000
4000
5000
0.0000
1.0000
2.0000
3.0000
4.0000
5.0000
6.0000
7.0000
8.0000
Balance of Trade AUD/CNY
Figure 10: Trade balance and movement of AUD/CNY
(Source: rba.gov.au 2018)
01-Jan-1991
01-Apr-1992
01-Jul-1993
01-Oct-1994
01-Jan-1996
01-Apr-1997
01-Jul-1998
01-Oct-1999
01-Jan-2001
01-Apr-2002
01-Jul-2003
01-Oct-2004
01-Jan-2006
01-Apr-2007
01-Jul-2008
01-Oct-2009
01-Jan-2011
01-Apr-2012
01-Jul-2013
01-Oct-2014
01-Jan-2016
-5000
-4000
-3000
-2000
-1000
0
1000
2000
3000
4000
5000
0.00
20.00
40.00
60.00
80.00
100.00
120.00
Balance of Trade AUD/JPY
Figure 10: Trade balance and movement of AUD/JPY
(Source: rba.gov.au 2018)
01-Jan-1991
01-Apr-1992
01-Jul-1993
01-Oct-1994
01-Jan-1996
01-Apr-1997
01-Jul-1998
01-Oct-1999
01-Jan-2001
01-Apr-2002
01-Jul-2003
01-Oct-2004
01-Jan-2006
01-Apr-2007
01-Jul-2008
01-Oct-2009
01-Jan-2011
01-Apr-2012
01-Jul-2013
01-Oct-2014
01-Jan-2016
-5000
-4000
-3000
-2000
-1000
0
1000
2000
3000
4000
5000
0.0000
1.0000
2.0000
3.0000
4.0000
5.0000
6.0000
7.0000
8.0000
Balance of Trade AUD/CNY
Figure 10: Trade balance and movement of AUD/CNY
(Source: rba.gov.au 2018)
01-Jan-1991
01-Apr-1992
01-Jul-1993
01-Oct-1994
01-Jan-1996
01-Apr-1997
01-Jul-1998
01-Oct-1999
01-Jan-2001
01-Apr-2002
01-Jul-2003
01-Oct-2004
01-Jan-2006
01-Apr-2007
01-Jul-2008
01-Oct-2009
01-Jan-2011
01-Apr-2012
01-Jul-2013
01-Oct-2014
01-Jan-2016
-5000
-4000
-3000
-2000
-1000
0
1000
2000
3000
4000
5000
0.00
20.00
40.00
60.00
80.00
100.00
120.00
Balance of Trade AUD/JPY
Figure 10: Trade balance and movement of AUD/JPY
(Source: rba.gov.au 2018)
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13THE GLOBAL ECONOMY
Answer 3
The relative price of currency or exchange rate determines the state of trade balance in
the external sector. A deprecated currency means a lower relative price of export. This can lead
to a trade surplus by making export of these nations more attractive to the importing nations. A
trade deficit on the other hand might be the result of a currency appreciation (Uribe and Schmitt-
Grohé 2017). Except in the months of 1991, the of Australian dollar mostly appreciates against
Japanese Yen. The trade balance thus moves to the opposite direction of exchange. For China the
AUD depreciates slightly in recent years causing an increase in Australian export to China’s
market. With UK, the exchange rate fluctuates around 0.4 and hence, has a much less
contribution to Australia’s trade balance as compared to two other nations.
Part B
Answer 4
Aggregate Expenditure model
The aggregate expenditure model connects the planned expenditure in an economy with
the level of real GDP. The aggregate expenditure shows planned expenditure which is the sum of
consumption (C), Investment (I). Government expenditure (G) and net export (NX).
AE = C + I + G + NX
Fiscal policy like changes in tax or government expenditure influence aggregate
expenditure leading to a change in real GDP (Rzepczynski 2017). The likely impact of a decline
in taxes is described in the figure below.
Answer 3
The relative price of currency or exchange rate determines the state of trade balance in
the external sector. A deprecated currency means a lower relative price of export. This can lead
to a trade surplus by making export of these nations more attractive to the importing nations. A
trade deficit on the other hand might be the result of a currency appreciation (Uribe and Schmitt-
Grohé 2017). Except in the months of 1991, the of Australian dollar mostly appreciates against
Japanese Yen. The trade balance thus moves to the opposite direction of exchange. For China the
AUD depreciates slightly in recent years causing an increase in Australian export to China’s
market. With UK, the exchange rate fluctuates around 0.4 and hence, has a much less
contribution to Australia’s trade balance as compared to two other nations.
Part B
Answer 4
Aggregate Expenditure model
The aggregate expenditure model connects the planned expenditure in an economy with
the level of real GDP. The aggregate expenditure shows planned expenditure which is the sum of
consumption (C), Investment (I). Government expenditure (G) and net export (NX).
AE = C + I + G + NX
Fiscal policy like changes in tax or government expenditure influence aggregate
expenditure leading to a change in real GDP (Rzepczynski 2017). The likely impact of a decline
in taxes is described in the figure below.
14THE GLOBAL ECONOMY
Figure 12: Effect of a tax cut on real GDP
(Source: as created by Author)
The upward sloping curve AE represents aggregate expenditure. The macroeconomic
equilibrium lies on the 450 line. On this line all the points equal to aggregate expenditure which is
required for equilibrium (Heijdra 2017). A tax cut of 20 billion increases aggregate expenditure.
Any decline in the tax rate offers household a greater disposable income and hence, aggregate
expenditure increases. However, as the marginal propensity to consume is less than 1, aggregate
expenditure shifts by only a proportion of the tax. The aggregate expenditure hence shifts by a
magnitude less than $20 billion. The new aggregate expenditure is shown by the line AE1. The
economy attains its new equilibrium point at E1. Under the new scenario, output expands to
become Y2.
In order to determine the exact magnitude of change in real GDP or aggregate
expenditure, information about marginal propensity to consume needs to be known. It is given
that marginal propensity to save is 0.2. From this, the marginal propensity to consume can be
derived as (1 – MPS) = (1 – 0.2) = 0.8. With a value of MPC 0.8, a tax cut of $20 billion shifts
Figure 12: Effect of a tax cut on real GDP
(Source: as created by Author)
The upward sloping curve AE represents aggregate expenditure. The macroeconomic
equilibrium lies on the 450 line. On this line all the points equal to aggregate expenditure which is
required for equilibrium (Heijdra 2017). A tax cut of 20 billion increases aggregate expenditure.
Any decline in the tax rate offers household a greater disposable income and hence, aggregate
expenditure increases. However, as the marginal propensity to consume is less than 1, aggregate
expenditure shifts by only a proportion of the tax. The aggregate expenditure hence shifts by a
magnitude less than $20 billion. The new aggregate expenditure is shown by the line AE1. The
economy attains its new equilibrium point at E1. Under the new scenario, output expands to
become Y2.
In order to determine the exact magnitude of change in real GDP or aggregate
expenditure, information about marginal propensity to consume needs to be known. It is given
that marginal propensity to save is 0.2. From this, the marginal propensity to consume can be
derived as (1 – MPS) = (1 – 0.2) = 0.8. With a value of MPC 0.8, a tax cut of $20 billion shifts
15THE GLOBAL ECONOMY
the aggregate expenditure curve by (0.8*$20 billion) = $16 billion. Using the multiplier effect,
increases in real GDP is determined as (MPC/MPS) *$20 billion = (0.8/0.2) * $20 billion = $80
billion.
Answer 5
Dynamic aggregate demand and aggregate supply model
Figure 13: Dynamic AD-AS model and effect of demand shock
(Source: as created by Author)
the aggregate expenditure curve by (0.8*$20 billion) = $16 billion. Using the multiplier effect,
increases in real GDP is determined as (MPC/MPS) *$20 billion = (0.8/0.2) * $20 billion = $80
billion.
Answer 5
Dynamic aggregate demand and aggregate supply model
Figure 13: Dynamic AD-AS model and effect of demand shock
(Source: as created by Author)
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16THE GLOBAL ECONOMY
The dynamic aggregate demand and aggregate supply model is an extension of basic
aggregate demand and aggregate supply model. The dynamics of potential output and price level
changes following an aggregate demand or aggregate supply shocks. However, in the dynamic
process once the shock recovers, the economy moves back to its original position (Mankiw
2014). The economy is in a long run equilibrium at point A. At this point aggregate demand and
both short run and long run aggregate supply curve meet. Now, a decline in investment causes a
downward shift in aggregate demand curve to AD2. The economy now moves to point B with a
lower output and inflation. The low level of inflation by reducing expected production cost shifts
the aggregate supply curve downward to SRAS1. If the shock persists in the long run, then
equilibrium is set at C, with potential output remaining the same at YE but at a lower expected
price level. However, once the shock recovers the aggregate demand curve moves back to its
original position rising the expected price level (Uribe and Schmitt-Grohé 2017). This then shifts
the aggregate supply curve upward. The dynamic adjustment process continues unless it reaches
to the initial position.
Policy action of central bank
In order to overcome the adverse demand shock central bank would take an ease
monetary policy. The objective of the central bank is to lower the real and nominal interest rate
and encourages investors to invest in the economy. For this, the central bank would purchase
financial assets instrument through open market operation. Another instrument that central bank
would use under this circumstances is the discount rate (Ehnts 2016). The central bank would
reduce the rate to provide commercial banks a greater flexibility of loan and hence, stimulates
investment.
The dynamic aggregate demand and aggregate supply model is an extension of basic
aggregate demand and aggregate supply model. The dynamics of potential output and price level
changes following an aggregate demand or aggregate supply shocks. However, in the dynamic
process once the shock recovers, the economy moves back to its original position (Mankiw
2014). The economy is in a long run equilibrium at point A. At this point aggregate demand and
both short run and long run aggregate supply curve meet. Now, a decline in investment causes a
downward shift in aggregate demand curve to AD2. The economy now moves to point B with a
lower output and inflation. The low level of inflation by reducing expected production cost shifts
the aggregate supply curve downward to SRAS1. If the shock persists in the long run, then
equilibrium is set at C, with potential output remaining the same at YE but at a lower expected
price level. However, once the shock recovers the aggregate demand curve moves back to its
original position rising the expected price level (Uribe and Schmitt-Grohé 2017). This then shifts
the aggregate supply curve upward. The dynamic adjustment process continues unless it reaches
to the initial position.
Policy action of central bank
In order to overcome the adverse demand shock central bank would take an ease
monetary policy. The objective of the central bank is to lower the real and nominal interest rate
and encourages investors to invest in the economy. For this, the central bank would purchase
financial assets instrument through open market operation. Another instrument that central bank
would use under this circumstances is the discount rate (Ehnts 2016). The central bank would
reduce the rate to provide commercial banks a greater flexibility of loan and hence, stimulates
investment.
17THE GLOBAL ECONOMY
Part C
Introduction
In the current period, the subject economics has flourished hugely and its importance have been
felt in almost all the sectors of the global scenario. This in turn has created a number of
opportunities and scopes for future economists in the professional life, where they can explore
and enhance their knowledge and quality and can also build shining career. Personally, as a
budding economist, I want to stay in academic sector in my professional life. In future I want to
be a faculty of economics in any prestigious college in Australia. I don’t have any one or two
personal preference about the colleges in which I want to teach. I want to be attached with a
prestigious academic institution.
Economics Teacher: Roles and Skills required
In general, a teacher has several crucial roles to play in the life of the students which include
building up their knowledge about the subject, making them able to think out of the box and
come out with new ideas and also to keep the students intrigued and eager to learn more by
making the subjects relevant, relatable and interesting to them. In this context, economics being a
subject of huge relevance and with unlimited scopes of exploration and innovations, it becomes
one of the primary responsibilities of economics teachers to teach the subject to the students in
such a manner that they grow the ability to learn, research, explore and interpret.
Thus, to be a successful teacher of this subject, the primary skills which are required to be
present are as follows:
Great communication skills
In depth knowledge
Part C
Introduction
In the current period, the subject economics has flourished hugely and its importance have been
felt in almost all the sectors of the global scenario. This in turn has created a number of
opportunities and scopes for future economists in the professional life, where they can explore
and enhance their knowledge and quality and can also build shining career. Personally, as a
budding economist, I want to stay in academic sector in my professional life. In future I want to
be a faculty of economics in any prestigious college in Australia. I don’t have any one or two
personal preference about the colleges in which I want to teach. I want to be attached with a
prestigious academic institution.
Economics Teacher: Roles and Skills required
In general, a teacher has several crucial roles to play in the life of the students which include
building up their knowledge about the subject, making them able to think out of the box and
come out with new ideas and also to keep the students intrigued and eager to learn more by
making the subjects relevant, relatable and interesting to them. In this context, economics being a
subject of huge relevance and with unlimited scopes of exploration and innovations, it becomes
one of the primary responsibilities of economics teachers to teach the subject to the students in
such a manner that they grow the ability to learn, research, explore and interpret.
Thus, to be a successful teacher of this subject, the primary skills which are required to be
present are as follows:
Great communication skills
In depth knowledge
18THE GLOBAL ECONOMY
Ability to think and bring out new ideas
Ability to think from the perspectives of the students
Zeal to research and develop new techniques for teaching so as to keep the students
interested
Unbiasedness
Passion for the profession
Being someone who is extremely passionate about the subject itself and about teaching as a
profession, I personally believe that I have most of the qualities of becoming a good economics
teacher.
Personal attraction towards the job
The chosen position of an economics faculty appears to be extremely attractive to me as I can
link the attributed with my personal attributes which are as follows:
Values- Personally I value flexibility, balanced work hours and to some extent autonomy,
stability and freedom in the workplace, which are highly present in this type of jobs.
Interests- I feel interested in communicating with new people and exploring new ideas, which I
can do in this type of job.
Personality- I have a free-thinking, stability-loving personality which is attracted to a stable and
balanced life.
Skills- I have a communicating personality who can strike up conversations with anyone. I can
also assess the thought process of other people and I always try to engage myself in finding and
exploring new arenas.
Ability to think and bring out new ideas
Ability to think from the perspectives of the students
Zeal to research and develop new techniques for teaching so as to keep the students
interested
Unbiasedness
Passion for the profession
Being someone who is extremely passionate about the subject itself and about teaching as a
profession, I personally believe that I have most of the qualities of becoming a good economics
teacher.
Personal attraction towards the job
The chosen position of an economics faculty appears to be extremely attractive to me as I can
link the attributed with my personal attributes which are as follows:
Values- Personally I value flexibility, balanced work hours and to some extent autonomy,
stability and freedom in the workplace, which are highly present in this type of jobs.
Interests- I feel interested in communicating with new people and exploring new ideas, which I
can do in this type of job.
Personality- I have a free-thinking, stability-loving personality which is attracted to a stable and
balanced life.
Skills- I have a communicating personality who can strike up conversations with anyone. I can
also assess the thought process of other people and I always try to engage myself in finding and
exploring new arenas.
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19THE GLOBAL ECONOMY
All these individual traits in me makes the job of a teacher more relevant for myself.
Video Analysis
The video I watched, was an interview with an individual named Anjali Suriyakumaran. Anjali, a
former economics graduate and a current analyst in ACCC, talks to the future economists in the
video, which highlights several interesting aspects which are quite relevant for the current
economics students.
Firstly, Anjali asserts that being an economist in the current days are profitable and of huge
scopes as there are multiple jobs in many industries. Anjali also highlights the importance of
involving in various career oriented as well as social engagements, during the student life, in
order to develop specific skills in life. She herself was engaged in several social committees and
also did a full-time internship during her college days, which she asserts to have developed her
time management, work management and multi-tasking skills. Anjali asserts that these
experiences are extremely for the budding economists in order to make them ready for
professional lives. For landing a successful internship and job in future, she recommends the
students to get in touch with their seniors for proper guidance.
Action Plan
After watching the video concerned, I realised that I have only taken a few baby steps towards
achieving my dream career in future. While I have several inherent qualities to be a teacher and I
have also acquired considerable knowledge about the subject, I need to develop my teaching
skills and I need to take some professional courses for teaching in order to be eligible for
becoming an economics teacher in the country. Completing a part time or full time internship in
All these individual traits in me makes the job of a teacher more relevant for myself.
Video Analysis
The video I watched, was an interview with an individual named Anjali Suriyakumaran. Anjali, a
former economics graduate and a current analyst in ACCC, talks to the future economists in the
video, which highlights several interesting aspects which are quite relevant for the current
economics students.
Firstly, Anjali asserts that being an economist in the current days are profitable and of huge
scopes as there are multiple jobs in many industries. Anjali also highlights the importance of
involving in various career oriented as well as social engagements, during the student life, in
order to develop specific skills in life. She herself was engaged in several social committees and
also did a full-time internship during her college days, which she asserts to have developed her
time management, work management and multi-tasking skills. Anjali asserts that these
experiences are extremely for the budding economists in order to make them ready for
professional lives. For landing a successful internship and job in future, she recommends the
students to get in touch with their seniors for proper guidance.
Action Plan
After watching the video concerned, I realised that I have only taken a few baby steps towards
achieving my dream career in future. While I have several inherent qualities to be a teacher and I
have also acquired considerable knowledge about the subject, I need to develop my teaching
skills and I need to take some professional courses for teaching in order to be eligible for
becoming an economics teacher in the country. Completing a part time or full time internship in
20THE GLOBAL ECONOMY
this domain may also increase my eligibility to work as a teacher, as a part of the economics
faculty in the prestigious educational institutions of Australia.
this domain may also increase my eligibility to work as a teacher, as a part of the economics
faculty in the prestigious educational institutions of Australia.
21THE GLOBAL ECONOMY
References
Abs.gov.au. (2018). 5368.0 - International Trade in Goods and Services, Australia, Jan 2018.
[online] Available at: http://www.abs.gov.au/AUSSTATS/abs@.nsf/DetailsPage/5368.0Jan
%202018?OpenDocument [Accessed 3 May. 2018].
Abs.gov.au. (2018). Australian Bureau of Statistics, Australian Government. [online] Available
at: http://www.abs.gov.au/ [Accessed 3 May. 2018].
Data.worldbank.org. (2018). Indicators | Data. [online] Available at:
https://data.worldbank.org/indicator [Accessed 3 May. 2018].
De Vroey, M., 2016. A history of macroeconomics from Keynes to Lucas and beyond.
Cambridge University Press.
Ehnts, D.H., 2016. Modern monetary theory and European macroeconomics. Routledge.
Heijdra, B.J., 2017. Foundations of modern macroeconomics. Oxford university press.
Mankiw, N.G., 2014. Principles of macroeconomics. Cengage Learning.
Reserve Bank of Australia. (2018). Historical Data | RBA. [online] Available at:
http://www.rba.gov.au/statistics/historical-data.html#exchange-rates [Accessed 3 May. 2018.
Rzepczynski, M.S., 2017. The Econometric Analysis of Recurrent Events in Macroeconomics
and Finance. Financial Analysts Journal, 73(3), pp.133-134.
Uribe, M. and Schmitt-Grohé, S., 2017. Open economy macroeconomics. Princeton University
Press.
References
Abs.gov.au. (2018). 5368.0 - International Trade in Goods and Services, Australia, Jan 2018.
[online] Available at: http://www.abs.gov.au/AUSSTATS/abs@.nsf/DetailsPage/5368.0Jan
%202018?OpenDocument [Accessed 3 May. 2018].
Abs.gov.au. (2018). Australian Bureau of Statistics, Australian Government. [online] Available
at: http://www.abs.gov.au/ [Accessed 3 May. 2018].
Data.worldbank.org. (2018). Indicators | Data. [online] Available at:
https://data.worldbank.org/indicator [Accessed 3 May. 2018].
De Vroey, M., 2016. A history of macroeconomics from Keynes to Lucas and beyond.
Cambridge University Press.
Ehnts, D.H., 2016. Modern monetary theory and European macroeconomics. Routledge.
Heijdra, B.J., 2017. Foundations of modern macroeconomics. Oxford university press.
Mankiw, N.G., 2014. Principles of macroeconomics. Cengage Learning.
Reserve Bank of Australia. (2018). Historical Data | RBA. [online] Available at:
http://www.rba.gov.au/statistics/historical-data.html#exchange-rates [Accessed 3 May. 2018.
Rzepczynski, M.S., 2017. The Econometric Analysis of Recurrent Events in Macroeconomics
and Finance. Financial Analysts Journal, 73(3), pp.133-134.
Uribe, M. and Schmitt-Grohé, S., 2017. Open economy macroeconomics. Princeton University
Press.
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