Comparative Analysis of Public Health Policies: A Deep Dive

This report provides a comparative analysis of three public health policies: the Public Health Association of Australia (PHAA), the World Health Organization (WHO), and the Australian Liberal's public health and nutrition policy. The report examines the policies' objectives, strategies, and influential forces, focusing on food claims, nutrition, and the promotion of healthy diets. It highlights the strengths and weaknesses of each policy, including the role of government, consumer behavior, and the impact of social determinants. The analysis explores the differences in the policies' approaches, such as the WHO's global strategy and the PHAA's focus on equitable food claims. The report also considers the relationship between political ideology, social determinants, and strategies within each policy. The conclusion emphasizes the importance of policy statements in shaping consumer behavior and improving public health outcomes through changes in awareness, knowledge, and community capacity. The report references several academic sources to support its findings.

Running head: PUBLIC HEALTH POLICY
Public health Policy
Name of the student
Name of the University
Author’s note

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Table of Contents
Introduction......................................................................................................................................2
The public health policies................................................................................................................2
The differences in the policies with regards to the influential forces, principles and strategies.....4
Equity and social determinants followed by the policies................................................................5
Conclusion.......................................................................................................................................6
References........................................................................................................................................7

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Introduction
The health policies in food claims will help take decisions and plans in order to reduce the risk
for a disease which is affected by total diet and lifestyle pattern use of the individual food. It will
require the proper advertising and labeling of the food to prevent the etiology and the
progression of the food associated chronic diseases. With the help of leadership of WHO policy
statement, they will able to provide the most effective approach in the public health services.
The outline and summary of the intent of the three public health policies
1. The first policy of the Public Health Association of Australia resolves by undertaking the
following actions. They are well established to advocate the people by promoting the
equitable food claims. They try to reduce the risks in food by marking the claims of the
food. They make the anticipation of marking the best quality food and try to influence the
behavior of the consumers in order to make them aware of the usefulness and the bad
affects of the food that they are consuming. The main weakness of this policy is that it
currently does not provide guidance as to the roles of the claims of food in provision (Sallis,
Owen, and Fisher 2015). They also do not encourage the education regarding the public
health nutrition issues. Public also debate the food labels and the standard of the foods they
refer. Thus most of the regulations are not well funded. The main strength of this policy is
that the outcome of the policy will be further monitored and evaluated by The Food and
Nutrition Special Group. The information will be well updated on the basis of the health
claims and health impacts. They will also try to permit the warning labels that link the
individual foods that are associated with the disease outcome.

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2. The second policy is related to the statement of WHO that addresses the food claim policies
will follow the global strategy diet and physical activity policy. The strategies here are
based on the available research on the food that is associated with the major cause of the
non-communicable diseases. The strategies are based on the politics factors. They will
enforce the role of the government which is crucial in achieving in any change of the public
health (Knai, et al 2015). WHO public health strategies mainly target the governments of
the country to encourage and build structures to address the problems associated with the
aspects of diet, nutrition, and physical activity. They will also encourage the respective
ministers to imply laws based on the food claims. The governments are required to label the
nutritional values with respect to the codex guidelines on Nutritional labeling. The
consumer's interest in health will grow, WHO thus adopts a national and political based
policy statement to increase the attention of the consumers. As mentioned in the health
claim statement, such a statement must not be misled. One of the major weaknesses of the
statement is that it does not encourage the research to be carried on improving the health
policies
3. A policy which is similar with the PHAA is the Public health and nutrition policy which is
related to the Australian liberal. The document of the policy suggests that the food
manifestation in quality is the most important in maintaining the health safety (Perkins et al
2015). The issue that is addressed with this policy is that there is a global market which is
controlled by the small number of companies that delivers cheap food to the country. Most
of the foods that are sold lack the nutritional values and have lead to the leading cause of the
consequences like diabetes, coronary heart disease, and other food-related diseases. This
policy will help argue and approach the public health nutrition in food through the medium

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of public health promotion. This policy will aim to address wider issues of who controls the
food supply. They will thus fulfill the quality control and quality assurance of the food that
is consumed (Brownson et al 2017).
Since the developed world is experiencing the nutrition based diseases like obesity and type 2
diabetes. All of these are mainly associated with the diet, food, and lifestyle., The nutrition
transition is related to the urbanization. There is food globalization that will include the free trade
liberalization. It also possesses the cultural and ideological aspects. In Australia, most of the
adults and children are being affected by the poor nutrition diets. This policy will kill the
emergence of the ‘food deserts’. It will label the best quality nutritious food and that too must
reach all the people. It can reach all the people by making use of the policy that will provide
affordable food. The neo-liberal policy of Australia will help the globalization of the nutritious
food in the competitive international world. This policy will help in fiddling and fix the
ingredients of the processed foods. Thus health claims will require a draft of the new legislation
that will be regulating the food industry. These are the major strengths of the policy (Zipf et al
2013). However, the weaknesses as stated includes that it has no provision for research on the
quality of food. It does not seek any social infrastructure that will be conducive to healthy
decisions about food.
The differences in the policies with regards to the influential forces, principles and
strategies
It is known that PHAA provides a forum of discussion for the public health in Australia. It
tries to influence the behavioral aspects of the people which is mostly required in the implication
of any policy. The influencing strategy that they follow is the publication of the reports like the
preliminary assessment report and other journals they publish will influence and change the

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behavior towards the food they consume. The journals and reports will be giving the regulations
on labeling foods and all the health related claims.
The global strategy adopted by WHO that influences the people is by providing a very strong
claim of the foods. To increase the interest and trap the attention of the consumers they follow a
very comprehensive strategy based on Codex guidelines of the nutritional labeling. They
promote the health related messages by ensuring the safety and the nutritional values and needs
of the food. The government is encouraged to facilitate the adoption of the agricultural policies
with the national food policies. They very well state the sustainability of the claim of the
nutritional values of the foods that the person will be consuming. They also encourage for the
promotion of the food products. Thus with their statements, they have also increased the interest
of some governments to take active steps in increasing the health claims (Watts et al 2015).
For public health and nutrition policy, they make promotions and ensure people of the
growing risk with the wrong consumption of food and diet. They also highlight the leading cause
of the globalization diseases lies Type 2 diabetes and enforce the governments to make
promotions on the right nutrition food that is to be used (Bombak 2014.). They also claim for the
sale of high quality food. This will capture the attention of the people (Tulchinsky and
Varavikova 2014).
Relationship between the political ideology, social determinants and strategies in each
public health policies
The main political ideology followed by the Public health Association of Australia is that it is
a government policy that will provide the roles and the education to promote public health.
PHAA is not free of equity. It has been found that PHAA does not reach or followed by all the
sections of people. It has been found that the Aboriginal and the islanders are mostly deprived.

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WHO provides a global strategy for the health policies, however, the government in many cases
may be following the social determinant rules and might not develop plans that will reach
equally to people. In the neoliberal policy of Australia, Public health and nutrition policy very
rarely it abides the rules of equity (Brownson et al 2017). They follow a politically neutral
intervention in the policy analysis. They rely on the implicit linear model of political ideology in
the policy outcome for the health benefit.
Conclusion
The policy statements will be adopted in such a way that it will have a huge outcome on the
change in the consumer’s behavior. The success of the policies is measured with the magnitude
of the indicators like change. They will impact through the changes in awareness, knowledge,
and skills. They must not only impact any individual only but also the entire community
capacity. Thus the policy will improve and prevent the diseases due to food.

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References
Bombak, A., 2014. Obesity, health at every size, and public health policy. American Journal of
Public Health (ajph).
Brownson, R.C., Baker, E.A., Deshpande, A.D. and Gillespie, K.N., 2017. Evidence-based
public health. Oxford University Press.
Knai, C., Petticrew, M., Durand, M.A., Eastmure, E., James, L., Mehrotra, A., Scott, C. and
Mays, N., 2015. Has a public–private partnership resulted in action on healthier diets in
England? An analysis of the Public Health Responsibility Deal food pledges. Food Policy, 54,
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Perkins, G.D., Jacobs, I.G., Nadkarni, V.M., Berg, R.A., Bhanji, F., Biarent, D., Bossaert, L.L.,
Brett, S.J., Chamberlain, D., de Caen, A.R. and Deakin, C.D., 2015. Cardiac arrest and
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Sallis, J.F., Owen, N. and Fisher, E., 2015. Ecological models of health behavior. Health
behavior: theory, research, and practice. 5th ed. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass, pp.43-64.
Thow, A.M. and McGrady, B., 2014. Protecting policy space for public health nutrition in an era
of international investment agreements. Bulletin of the World Health Organization, 92(2),
pp.139-145.
Tulchinsky, T.H. and Varavikova, E.A., 2014. The new public health. Academic Press.

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Watts, N., Adger, W.N., Agnolucci, P., Blackstock, J., Byass, P., Cai, W., Chaytor, S., Colbourn,
T., Collins, M., Cooper, A. and Cox, P.M., 2015. Health and climate change: policy responses to
protect public health. The Lancet, 386(10006), pp.1861-1914.
Zipf, G., Chiappa, M., Porter, K.S., Ostchega, Y., Lewis, B.G. and Dostal, J., 2013. Health and
nutrition examination survey plan and operations, 1999-2010.