Human Resource Management and Business Ethics

The assignment provided is a collection of research papers and studies on human resource management and business ethics. The papers cover topics such as the role of knowledge management practices, employee attitudes and small firm performance, ethical management in the hotel sector, quality management approaches, and the usage of BIM as a tool for facility management. The documents also discuss the changing role of HR professionals in the hospitality industry and the structuring of organizations for service innovativeness.

The Hospitality Business
Toolkit

TABLE OF CONTENTS
INTRODUCTION...........................................................................................................................1
MAIN BODY...................................................................................................................................1
ACTIVITY 1....................................................................................................................................1
ACTIVITY 2....................................................................................................................................4
Recommending Methods to Measure Financial Performance....................................................4
ACTIVITY 3....................................................................................................................................6
Different phase of human resources cycle that is applicable to the hospitality job role.............6
ACTIVITY 4....................................................................................................................................6
Performance management plan for resolving both the negative behavior and retention issues. 6
ACTIVITY 5....................................................................................................................................1
Different types of laws governing the Carnival corporation Plc.................................................1
ACTIVITY 6....................................................................................................................................1
Brief on Legal and Ethical Considerations.................................................................................1
ACTIVITY 7....................................................................................................................................2
Exploring different functional roles within the hospitality sector and how they........................2
interrelate....................................................................................................................................2
ACTIVITY 8....................................................................................................................................3
CONCLUSION................................................................................................................................4
REFERENCES................................................................................................................................6

INTRODUCTION
Hospitality business relates with the industry in various fields in the service related
companies that includes restaurants, theme parks, lodging, transportation, event planning,
additional fields and cruise line. The major segments of the hospitality business involves the
tourism industry, Food industry, Recreation and Lodging. Providing the Excellence service to the
customers is a vital aspect of every business but in the hospitality segment it is essential to
engage the guest consistently in order to grow the business all over the world. The present study
is based on the Carnival corporation plc, a British-American company that operates in the cruise.
It is the world's leading travel company facilitates the traveler services with exceptional value
and extraordinary vacations. It deals in different brands of cruise line such as Princess Cruises,
Carnival cruise, Seabourn and Holland America etc. Furthermore, the study describes the finance
related transactions and the life cycle of the human resource in terms of the HR strategy.
Moreover, it also explains about the legal and the ethical aspects that the hospitality business
should follow. The essence of integrating and coordination of several functions of various
departments in the hospitality sector.
MAIN BODY
ACTIVITY 1
Journal Entries
Date Particulars Debit Credit
01/02/18 Purchase a/c Dr. £5,001.00
To Kate's
Kitchen a/c £5,001.00
01/02/18 Purchase a/c Dr. £29,552.00
To Harry's a/c £29,552.00
03/02/18 Cash a/c Dr. £13,027.00
To sales a/c £13,027.00
06/02/18 Kate's kitchen £5,001.00
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a/c Dr.
To bank a/c £5,001.00
10/02/18 Cash a/c Dr. £10,653.00
To sales a/c £10,653.00
14/02/18 Bank a/c Dr. £2,008.00
To sales a/c £2,008.00
17/02/18 Cash a/c Dr. £13,321.00
To sales a/c £13,321.00
17/02/18 Harry's a/c Dr. £29,552.00
To cash a/c £29,552.00
22/02/18 Purchase a/c Dr. £7,013.00
To Kate's
Kitchen a/c £7,013.00
24/02/18 Cash a/c Dr. £12,329.00
To sales a/c £12,329.00
Total £127,457.00 £127,457.00
Ledger accounts
(Dr.) Harry's Account (Cr.)
Date Particulars Amount Date Particulars Amount
17/02/18 To cash a/c £29,552.00 01/02/18
By
purchase
a/c £29,552.00
£29,552.00 £29,552.00
(Dr.) Kate's Kitchen Account (Cr.)
Date Particulars Amount Date Particulars Amount
2

06/02/18 To bank a/c £5,001.00 01/02/18
By
purchase
a/c £5,001.00
28/02/18 To c/d £7,013.00 22/02/18
By
purchase
a/c £7,013.00
£12,014.00 £12,014.00
(Dr.) Purchase Account (Cr.)
Date Particulars Amount Date Particulars Amount
01/02/18
To kate's
Kitchen a/c £5,001.00 28/02/18 By c/d £41,566.00
01/02/18
To Harry's
a/c £29,552.00
22/02/18
To kate's
Kitchen a/c £7,013.00
£41,566.00 £41,566.00
(Dr.) Sales Account (Cr.)
Date Particulars Amount Date Particulars Amount
28/02/18 To c/d £51,338.00 03/02/18 By cash a/c £13,027.00
10/02/18 By cash a/c £10,653.00
14/02/18 By cash a/c £2,008.00
17/02/18 By cash a/c £13,321.00
24/02/18 By cash a/c £12,329.00
£51,338.00 £51,338.00
(Dr.) Bank Account (Cr.)
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Date Particulars Amount Date Particulars Amount
14/02/18 To sales a/c £2,008.00 06/02/18
By Kate's
a/c £5,001.00
20/02/18 To c/d £2,993.00
£5,001.00 £5,001.00
(Dr.) Cash Account (Cr.)
Date Particulars Amount Date Particulars Amount
03/02/18 To sales a/c £13,027.00 17/02/18
By Harry's
a/c £29,552.00
10/02/18 To sales a/c £10,653.00 28/02/18 By c/d £19,778.00
17/02/18 To sales a/c £13,321.00
24/02/18 To sales a/c £12,329.00
£49,330.00 £49,330.00
Trial Balance
Particulars Debit Credit
Purchase £41,566.00
Kate's Kitchen £7,013.00
Sales £51,338.00
Cash £19,778.00
Bank £2,993.00
£61,344.00 £61,344.00
ACTIVITY 2.
Recommending Methods to Measure Financial Performance.
Financial performance refers to the act of performing the financial activity of the
business. It helps in assessing the extent to which the financial goals and objectives of the
company has been accomplished. With the help of financial performance, how effectively the
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firm's policies and operations has been implemented can be determined. For measuring the
financial performance, company should prepare accurate and proper financial statements which
depicts the true and correct financial position of the company for a definite period of time. This
financial statements aid in decision making process to its users and stakeholders. The key
performance indicators are as follows:
1. Current Ratio – The current ratio is also known as liquidity ratio which helps in measuring
whether the firm has enough resources in form of cash and cash equivalents to meet its short-
term obligations. The current ratio is calculated by dividing all the total current assets with the
total current liabilities. This ratio helps in understanding the solvency position of business and its
operations (Solnet, Kralj and Baum, 2015). It helps in assessing that how well Carnival
Corporation & PLC is positioned and capable of meet all its financial and business related
obligations consistently on time. This ratio also helps in maintaining the credit rating level which
is required for growing and expanding business operations.
2. Profit Margin – It is one of the most important indicator for every business organisation
which helps in assessing and interpreting the financial performance correctly. Main objective of
every company like Carnival Corporation & PLC after customer satisfaction and minimization of
cost is to maximize the profit level. The profit margin which are used for measuring business
profitability can be classified into Net profit, Gross profit margin and Net profit margin.
The Net profit margin indicates that how much net revenue or income Carnival
Corporation & PLC is making with the total amount of sales made.
While gross profit margin defines whether the pricing strategy made by the company for
its goods and services is appropriate or not. The amount of gross profit should be remaining after
covering all the fixed operating expenses of business.
Net profit margin is that amount which is earned by the company after meeting all the
working expenses of the business organisation (Garrido – Moreno and et.al.,2015).
For Carnival Corporation & PLC, the monitoring and managing of financial performance
on a regular basis helps in creating certainty and confidence in short and long term decisions
making process related to the business operations and processes. This will help in improving the
business performance and growth.
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ACTIVITY 3
Different phase of human resources cycle that is applicable to the hospitality job role.
Human resource's life cycle involves the details of the different phases where workers
undergoes at the time of employment. It also refers to the roles of human resource's manger and
also each phase of the life cycle, the human resource's manger has to deal with the variety of
issues. Human resource's management in the company has playing an important role for the
motivation and retention of the employees. The main aim and role of the human resource manger
is an enterprise for developing the team with highly competent workforce in order to achieving
the success. There are different stages of human resource cycle such as(Conway and et.al., 2016.
);
Selection and recruitment:- In this human resource manger in carnival UK for hiring the right
candidate for the positions and also it conducts interview for that and select the person according
to the plan of staffing in carnival UK. It required following consistent procedures for hiring the
and selecting the candidates.
Induction-on boarding:- Human resource manager of the carnival UK makes familiar to the
new employees with the business environment, procedures, business policies, code of conducts
etc. its important that new employees adjust with the environment of the company.
Training development:- In this the HR manger provides training to the employees for
understanding the work(Noe, and et.al., 2017).
Motivation:- After the training and development its important that employees get motivated by
the environment of the Carnival UK. Recognition of the performance is a type of strategy which
is currently adopted by the HR manger in Carnival UK.
ACTIVITY 4
Performance management plan for resolving both the negative behavior and retention issues.
The plan of the performance management is refereed to the documents which consist of the
details and tactics which has been implemented for helping the individuals as well as the
company for improving the performance. The management of the Carnival UK is required for
developing the strategic plans for managing and directing the performance and behavior.
Area where
the
performance
Concern
which is
related to
The
standards of
the
It brings
improvemen
ts in the
supportive Review of
the date
Achieving
the
performance
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which has
been
improved.
the
performance
performance
is expected.
action plans standards of
the date.
management From the
pending of
high work it
overlaps the
activities of
confusion
which is
related to
the roles and
responsibilit
y among the
employees.
From the
systematic
Procedures
and proper
management
.
Operations
rule will be
set by the
broad of
directors in
carnival
UK. The
structure of
the
governing
has been
adopted.
Supporting
teams and
broads of
directors.
Every
month
Within 2 to
3 months.
Production
and
operational
department
Loss in the
productivity
and it also
delays in the
delivery of
the goods
and
services.
Raises in the
productivity
and also
timely
delivery of
the goods
and
services(Lai
,Saridakis
and
Johnstone,
2017.).
Training has
been
provided to
the
employees.
New
technology
has been
implemente
d and also
other
essential
resources
which has
Leaders and
mangers
Each and
every
months.
Within a 4
months.
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been
provided by
the leaders.
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Techniques of managing negative behaviour
Negative behaviour may be referred to as the actions performed by a person which are
not according to the set standards or against the rules and norms. To improve the performance of
the Carnival and corporation Plc it needs to employs some techniques with which the negative
behaviour of the employees can be converted into optimistic approach. For this there are a
variety of techniques which can be adopted by the HR manager and HR department to reduce the
negative behaviour (Rogers, 2015). The major technique to promote positive behaviour is to give
rewards for the better performance. This will encourage the employees to work better to earn
rewards and appraisal. So with help of performance appraisal technique the negative behaviour
of the employees can be eliminated. Also for avoiding the negativity from the employees and the
workplace the manager before implementing any policy or any change in the organisation should
consult the employees. This practice of manger will ensure and satisfy the employees that there
opinion and advices are taken before implementing any change.
ACTIVITY 5
Different types of laws governing the Carnival corporation Plc
The Carnival Corporation Plc is a British American cruise operator which is the world's
largest leisure travel company. As the working of the organisation is at world level so it has to
follow and comply to many laws and rules and regulations. Some of the laws governing the
Carnival corporation Plc are as follows-
Equality act, 2010 - this is the act made by the act of Parliament of the UK with the aim of
removal of the discrimination among the employees, on the basis of many factors like religion,
caste, gender, status, colour etc. The equality act has a direct impact on the as well as a
significant effect on the provisions of carnival corporation plc 's products and services and its
employees. The main aim or purpose of this law is to provide help to the people for fighting with
harassment, discrimination on basis of gender, cast, religion, money status, at the organisation.
Licensing act, 2001- this is an act passed by the parliament of the United Kingdom to integrate a
single scheme for licensing premises (Singal, 2014). The responsibility of issuing the licences
rests with the local authorities. The licence is issued with four objectives which the carnival
corporation plc has to adhere and abide by are protection of children from harm, prevention of
crime, public safety and prevention of public nuisance.

Health and safety act, 1974- The health and safety act 1974 lays down a wide variety of duties
for the employers to maintain the health and safety at the workplace. This act covers every single
person who is connected with the organisation in some or the other way. It includes employees,
casual workers, visitors to the organisation, clients of the organisation, etc. According to this act
it is the duty of the human resource manager of carnival corporation plc to make sure that it
maintains and promotes the safe and healthy environment in the organisation so that employees
can work easily and efficiently.
ACTIVITY 6.
Brief on Legal and Ethical Considerations.
For conducting successful business operations, every business organisation should
follows legal and ethical principles which are applicable on it. Carnival Corporation & PLC
should follow all the regulations, legislations and ethical principles which is creating impact on
its decision making process.
Legal Considerations – A company should considers many laws, rules, regulations and
guidelines before conducting a specific business operations. In this case, Carnival Corporation &
PLC is a British American cruise operator which is offering hotel style accommodation, food,
bars, entertainment and tourism services to its customers across the world. The act and
regulations which abides Carnival Corporation & PLC are as follows:
1. Hotels Law UK – It focuses on considering the compliance of licensing rules to food
hygiene and fire regulations. Ignorance or non compliance of applicable rules is
considered as no excuse in the eyes of the law (O’Neill, Sohal and Teng, 2016). As a
result the cost to remedy breaches of law ranges from the criminal and civil actions
including fines and imprisonment in case of serious breaches.
2. Protective Equipment Act - The Personal Protective Equipment at Work Regulations
1992 cover all those equipment which are intended to be used by every person or
employee at their workplace for protection against health and safety risks. This includes
protective clothing like weatherproof clothing, gloves, safety footwear as well as
equipment such as eye wear and safety harnesses.
3. Equality Act – The Equality Act 2010 covers the provisions related to legally protecting
people from discrimination taking place in the workplace and society. It has replaced the
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previous anti-discrimination laws with a single Act thus making the law much easier to
understand. It also provides protection to employees or person for certain illnesses or
diseases when they are established as disability personality. Equality act helps in bringing
equality of income and wealth so as to improve the level of living standards.
4. Health and Safety Act - This Act emphasizes on the general duty and responsibility by
ensuring that reasonable practice related to health, safety and welfare measures should be
followed at work place for all the employees. It is very important for employers to
comply with the Act & provide all safety equipment and safe systems required during
work and its timely maintenance.
Ethical Considerations – Ethics are considered as the code, norms and standards which is
required to be followed for conducting the comparison between the right and wrong business
concepts. It helps in determining the difference between acceptable and unacceptable behaviours
which is shown by employees at work place. It is a form of applied ethics or professional norms
which helps in examining the ethical principles and problems that can be arises in business
environment (Sarkar, Raghavendra and Ruparelia, 2015). These norms, values, ethical as well as
unethical practices are the principles which guides Carnival Corporation & PLC in smooth
functioning of its business operations.
ACTIVITY 7.
Exploring different functional roles within the hospitality sector and how they
interrelate.
Different sectors of the hospitality industry ensures that all the needs and requirements of
traveller or its customers are catered to in a holistic manner and thus yield satisfaction to them.
The different functional roles within the hospitality sector of Carnival Corporation & PLC
includes:
1. House keeping Manager – Every hospitality sector company should provide a high quality
house keeping services to its customers and clients. It is the duty of house keeping manager to
ensure whether each and every room and area of hotel, lounge, cruises are neat and clean. The
manager should ensure that services of house keeping is delivered to customer on daily basis for
maintaining hygiene (Lashley, 2016).
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2. Store Manager – In hospitality sector, the role of store manager is to ensure that all the basic
necessities and requirements items, products such as toiletry, bedsheets etc. are fully stock in.
Timely delivery of these necessities to customers is essential for making them satisfied.
3. Finance Manager – The treasurers and finance manager role is to direct and control the
budgets of their business organization so as to meet the financial goals and objective with
the available funds. Carrying out strategies and plans to raise capital and funds along with
development of financial plans for mergers and acquisitions is rest with finance manager
of the company (Köseoglu and et.al., 2016).
4. Receptionist – One of the most important role in hospitality sector is of Receptionist.
The main duty of receptionist is to attend customer by greeting and listening them first
properly. Addressing them with correct and accurate information related to their query is
considered as another important responsibility of receptionist.
ACTIVITY 8
The department of the food and Beverage of the corporation includes several kinds of the
activities for facilitating the best services to their customers. Harmony and effective
communication at the workplace results in attaining the objectives with proficiency. For
satisfying the customers Carnival uses different methods of communication, monitoring and
coordination.
Communication methods- Communication plays an important role in the overall working
and functioning of the organization which leads to perform the task as per the strategies set.
Specifically, there are two main methods of communication that verbal and the non-verbal
communication. Verbal communication means exchanging the ideas and views with direct
connection with the workers but it lacks the evidence and chances of misunderstanding are more
in this method. The routine information in the organization are communicated through this
method so that delay in delivering the instructions get avoided which leads to timely
accomplishment of the goals (Meacham and et.al., 2019). On the other hand, Written
communication is counted as the beast method as it involves various sources like Email, reports
etc. through this method clear understanding can be created and proof of communicating the
information can also be develop which helps the Carnival Cruise line in recording the details of
the communication. Social media communication method is most widely used by the company
for matching with the trends and communication becomes very easy and low cost through this
3

method. This enables the firm in capturing the wide audience and creating the global presence in
the market.
Coordination methods- Techniques of coordination adopted by the Carnival Cruise line
are Establishing the structure by assigning the roles and responsibilities to the workers as per
their departments so that clarity in performing the task could be achieved. Proper planning of the
tasks develops the coordination between the company and its staff and this created unity among
the employees which results in unity of direction which in turn helps in achieving the goals with
shared values (Mariani, 2016).
Monitoring methods- Various methods are used by the Carnival cruise line in monitoring
the performance of the activities and the employees so that controlling function can be managed
effectively. Such methods include Balance scorecard, Bench-marking etc. Balanced Scorecard is
the metric that is used in identifying and management of the internal functions of the business. It
helps in strategic performance management in the enterprise (Tajeddini, Altinay and Ratten,
2017). It helps in viewing different perspectives of the business that are financial, internal
process, customer and growth. Bench-marking is used to measure the processes, products and
services of the competitor of Carnival so that competitive advantage can be gained by knowing
the strategies of the rivalry.
Thus, this helps in achieving the goals with proper monitoring and harmony in the work
environment so that value can be strengthen.
CONCLUSION
From the above report it is concluded that, In the industry of the hospitality various practices
need to be followed by the HR analysing the financial performance of the business by using the
tool like Key performance index for evaluating the performance. Carnival Corporation Plc uses
the life cycle of the Human resource for managing the talent and the skilled workforce in the
work environment. Performance planning is also an important aspect in the hospitality business
which helps in overcoming the issue of negative behaviour of the staff and the issue of the
retention of the staff. Legal and the ethical practices also plays a crucial role for maintaining the
sustainability of the business and operating the business with respect and corporate social
responsibility. The functional role within the business of the hospitality is also discussed in the
4

above study. Various methods of the communication, monitoring and coordination is followed
by the Carnival Corporation Plc for strengthening the value chain so that objectives of the
organization can be achieved effectively and efficiently.
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REFERENCES
Books and Journals
Conway, E. and et.al., 2016. Demands or resources? The relationship between HR practices,
employee engagement, and emotional exhaustion within a hybrid model of employment
relations. Human Resource Management. 55(5). pp.901-917.
Garrido - Moreno, A., Lockett, N. and Garcia - Morales, V., 2015. Exploring the role of
knowledge management practices in fostering customer relationship management as a
catalyst of marketing innovation. Baltic Journal of Management. 10(4). pp.393-412.
Köseoglu, M. A. and et.al., 2016. The evolution of business ethics research in the realm of
tourism and hospitality: A bibliometric analysis. International Journal of Contemporary
Hospitality Management. 28(8). pp.1598-1621.
Lai, Y., Saridakis, G. and Johnstone, S., 2017. Human resource practices, employee attitudes
and small firm performance. International Small Business Journal. 35(4). pp.470-494.
Lashley, C., 2016. Business ethics and sustainability. Research in Hospitality Management, 6(1),
pp.1-7.
Mariani, M. M., 2016. Coordination in inter-network co-opetitition: Evidence from the tourism
sector. Industrial Marketing Management. 53. pp.103-123.
Meacham, H. and et.al., 2019. Ethical management in the hotel sector: Creating an authentic
work experience for workers with intellectual disabilities. Journal of Business Ethics. 155(3).
pp.823-835.
Noe, R.A. and et.al., 2017. Human resource management: Gaining a competitive advantage.
New York, NY: McGraw-Hill Education.
O’Neill, P., Sohal, A. and Teng, C. W., 2016. Quality management approaches and their impact
on firms׳ financial performance–An Australian study. International Journal of Production
Economics. 171. pp.381-393.
Rogers, B., 2015. Classroom behaviour: A practical guide to effective teaching, behaviour
management and colleague support. Sage.
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