Immune system

Running Head: IMMUNE SYSTEM 1
Immune system
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IMMUNE SYSTEM 2
The Immune System
The immune system is a structured system of cells, tissues and molecules which help
fight disease-causing microorganisms (pathogens), these pathogens include bacteria, fungi and
viruses. The pathogens are hazardous to the host system whereby they weaken their body.
Without the immune system, the human body could not withstand an attack of illness. A small
attack of any disease could lead to death. Not only death but also people could be getting sick
very quickly. More than half of the human body is made up of a fluid known as plasma, this is
what entails the defensive mechanism, and the rest of the body is made up of different functional
cells (Klerneman, 2017). The immune cells are always ready to be used to get rid of any
pathogen that tries to invade the cell.
The body blood is made up of the white blood cells, also known as the immune cells that
act as the body defense. There are different types of white blood cells and each has its leading
role. Just like armies of a given country have different roles, the white cells are made just for
specific functions. A constitution of these functions is what creates a complete immune system.
All the blood cells are made in the bone marrow which is a hollow bone (Xiong &
Xu, 2015). In case the bone marrow fails to produce enough blood cells, the body will be at risk.
It will cause a disease known as anemia (which results from a deficiency of red blood cells in the
body) or cytopenia (which results from a low number of cells. The conditions result in immune-
deficiency meaning the agency won't be able to fight pathogens making one perceptible to
illness. Overproduction of the red and white blood cells is a disorder too. Overproduction of the
red blood cell causes myeloproliferative which for instance creates blood pressure. High level of
blood cells can lead to leukemia.

IMMUNE SYSTEM 3
Just right after the immune cells are produced in the bone marrow they enter the
bloodstream, then tissues. Those that enter tissue are responsible for the lining of the skin, guts,
and lungs. They maneuver there to wait for pathogens (Devlin & Craven, 2018). Most of them
circulate within the body looking for the pathogen. After detecting a pathogen, they send an
alarm call for more immune cells to the location of invasion in the blood. The innate immune
response is associated with signs of heat, pain, swelling, and redness. In case the cells respond to
signals that are less harmful the effect will be causing hay fever. Since the entire system is
engineered by the white cells, knowing how the cells fight pathogens explain how the immune
system works.
The blood has more than one type of white cells (Devlin & Craven, 2018). They are
responsible for killing and production of antibodies to protect the body from infection. They
include:
Neutrophils- More than half of white blood cells are made up of neutrophils. Whenever bacteria
enter the body, they are the first cells that will detect. After they discover, they respond to this by
sending signals to other cells to inform them about the pathogen. The body produces more than
1000 million neutrophils daily. They can easily be observed in pus as they are primary cells to
appear.
Eosinophils-They plays a vital role in the protection of the body from an attack of
pathogens. They respond to parasitic infections such as worms and are believed to be the best in
allergy signs. They are estimated to be approximately one percent of the entire white blood cells.
Basophils- Just like Eosinophils they are estimated to be about one percent of white blood
cells. Their primary function is mounting an immune response to disease-causing
microorganisms which are not specific. Whenever there is an asthmatic disorder in the body,