The Impact of COVID-19 on Cardiac Surgeries in MOH Hospitals

This study examines the impact of COVID-19 on cardiac surgeries in MOH hospitals. It discusses the challenges faced by healthcare systems and provides solutions to minimize the impact.

The Impact of COVID-19
on cardiac Surgeries in
MOH Hospitals

PLEASE YOU MUST FOLLOW THESE:
1- INTRODUCTION: SHOULD TALK ABOUT THE TOPIC IN
GENERAL, THE STORY OF COVID-19 WHEN AND HOW, AND
ITS IMPACT ON THE HEALTHCARE SERVICES AND ONE OF
THEM IS CARDIAC SURGERIS ....ETC.
THEN WE TALK ABOUT OUR STUDY THAT WE WANT TO
CONDUCT THE IMPACT OF COVID-19 ON SURGERIES
IN SAUDI ARABIA.
EVERY SENTENCE MUST BE CLEAR AND HAS ITS OWN
REFERENCE IN THE PROPER WAY.
2- LITERATURE REVIEW:
- COVID FROM PUBLIC HEALTH PERSPECTIVE:
1- DEFINITION.
2- WHEN STRATED AND WHERE.
3- NUMBER OF INJURIES BASED ON WHO, IN THE
WORLD IN GENERAL AND SAUDI ARABIA
PARTICULARLY.
4- MORTALITY RATE, IN THE WORLD IN GENERAL AND
SAUDI ARABIA IN PARTICULAR.
- IMPACT OF COVID-19 ON HEALTHCARE SYSTEM IN
GENERAL AND SAUDI ARABIA PARTICULARLY:
1- HOW
2- BED CAPACITY
3- EQUIPMENTS
4- PPE’S KITS
5- POSTPONE OR DELAY OF PROCEDURES AND
APPOINTMENTS.
6- BACKLOG OF CARDIAC SURGERIES.
- SOLUTIONS TO OVERCOME THE DELAY OF CARDIAC
SURGERIES.

(PLEASE FOLLOW THE ABOVE TO FINISH THIS WORK SOON,
HOWEVER I WILL NOT LOOK TO THE NUMER OF PAGES MY
FOCUS WILL BE ON THE CONTENT. IF YOU NEED ANY
CALRIFICATION PLEASE ASK)

Table of Contents
INTRODUCTION...........................................................................................................................5
LITERATURE REVIEW................................................................................................................5
Origin of COVID-19..............................................................................................................5
Before COVID-19 ................................................................................................................5
After COVID-19 ....................................................................................................................6
Impact on morbidities and mortalities globally......................................................................8
Impact of COVID-19 in Saudi Arabia....................................................................................9
Impact on healthcare system in countries.............................................................................10
Impact on health care services..............................................................................................11
Impact on cardiac surgeries .................................................................................................12
Solution to minimize Impact of COVID-19 in health-care sector ......................................12
CONCLUSION..............................................................................................................................14
REFERENCES..............................................................................................................................15

INTRODUCTION
Topic: “The Impact of Covid-19 pandemics on cardiac Surgeries in MOH Hospitals”
The COVID-19 is on their peak at that time and it is difficult to provide same service in
healthcare. The pandemic spread curve of COVID-19 disease in 2019. Due to outbreak of newly
introduced coronavirus, this is an infectious disease which is caused by newly introduced
coronavirus. In this, person who gets in contact with this disease are unable to breath properly.
During this year the outbreak is critical in order to get time so for the healthcare sector they also
face number of risk and not as much time for serving the people who face the issue which is
associated with cardiac surgery. The term risk is an inclusion of finding an individual at the
worst of its health conduction or in the worts situations, it could also lead to causing death of an
individual. In this according to Mariell Jessup, 2020, the healthcare provider and
anaesthesiologist in particular at high risk of tracheal intubation. Various general surgeries are
available for ensuring betterment of life conditions of an individual person. There are number of
patient who is facing various complication and making delayed in their cardiac surgery. As per
this, the cardiac disease are come under critical disease which is called as life threatening
disease. In addition, corona disease considered as a time pausing events which is usually caused
by their rate of infection, Bagiella, Bhatt & Gaudino, (2020). The patient who is schedule for the
cardiac surgery are being reschedules because of this disease. According to John M Toomasian,
2020 MOH hospital faces number of issue during this time period and before that their function
are smooth and they provide best service to several cardiac patients. There were many
differences in surgery of cardiac before and during the COVID situation which have various
effect on the process to deal with it. In relation to this, there are some of highly required changes
are described further, Bagiella, Bhatt & Gaudino, (2020).
Crisis of COVID-19 has resulted in economic shut down of entire global economy. Due
to outbreak of this pandemic situation of COVID-19, it had impacted various healthcare systems
across various nation of the world. One of the main reason behind this was due to lack of proper
healthcare system designing to deal with such pandemic situations which includes unpredictable
healthcare issues, high health challenges which involves urgent moving of resources and results
in affecting overall population of various nations. Due to this pandemic, economy was entire
world was being stuck and all focus was being made towards finding a cure of this virus.

COVID-19 has resulted in economic shut down of entire global economy. Due to
outbreak of this pandemic situation of COVID-19, it had impacted various healthcare systems
across various nation of the world. One of the main reason behind this was due to lack of proper
healthcare system designing to deal with such pandemic situations which includes unpredictable
healthcare issues, high health challenges which involves urgent moving of resources and results
in affecting overall population of various nations. Due to this pandemic, economy was entire
world was being stuck and all focus was being made towards finding a cure of this virus.
LITERATURE REVIEW
Origin of COVID-19
COVID-19 is a newly introduced infectious disease which is originated mainly from
country China. It is being said that the origination of this disease was due to experimental failure
in the region of main laboratories of testing new medicines and genetic fusion between various
breeds of insects in the region. Overview of COVID-19 and evaluation of before and after is
being mentioned below.
Before COVID-19
The healthcare system of the MOH hospital in Saudi Arabia was going well and
systematically. As per the report that was being published by WHO, before pandemic the heart
surgery or cardiac surgery is becoming evident for the most of doctor which have limited
resource to supply in healthcare for any population. The cardiac surgery is reliably high
expensive in nature and required patience and long process. in term to get more attention. There
is many reason which is expense in nature of cardiac surgery which is basic cost of disposable
required for each and every case. In past, there is no any firm which is manufacture cheaper and
reliable version of cardiac surgery, as per this MOH initiated to do cardiac surgery with respect
to patient compliance. Boyarsky and et. al. (2020). Firstly the cardiac surgery is related with
heart related problem which do not require surgery all the time. As per this there are various
changes occur which is based on life style, medication or non-surgical procedure which is useful
for considering the heart tissue as per diagnose and the overall scenario of heart surgery like this
diagnose treatment and medication is depend on single hospital and they take all responsibilities
of that particular patient. All the required care of nursing is provided properly to patients.

As per this, these surgery which is taken in process before the COVID-19 in MOH
hospitals. In relation to this there are usually creation of positive impact. The service provider
taking care of the patient before and after surgery, Grossman and et. al. (2020) . The MOH
hospital play various role in the development of better services in order to provide patient
compliance and comfortability. In addition to this, before COVID-19 a pandemic the regulation
of maximum healthcare are going well and defined. They have proper set of management and
they manage the flow of patient and provide good service in context to their care. The hospital
taking care of their patient which is facing issue related with surgery and they try to diminished
issue by providing quality of health and quality of care. This all are managed by nursing care
(Killerb and et. al., 2020).
After COVID-19
The corona virus disease which is create pandemic in 2019 which is caused by sever
acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus. Which represents the third human affliction which is
high contaminated in nature and create life threatening condition in all around the world. The
property of the coronavirus is highly contagious in nature and they make global spread.
According to WHO, recent approach is now fully managed but at initial stage there are various
complication which is associated with this, Jones, (2020). This strain has specific in nature. It
creates various complication in body. This also make impact in various sector which is
associated with risk with patient safety and their treatment process. As due to various difficulties
in regards with COVID-19 safety precautions, this virus has lead to increase in formalities as
because of various social distancing measures and as the virus is communicable, this adds up to
difficulties to various staff members of the hospital. There are various intervention which is held
during the coronavirus in term with resource and government also used to provide maximum
awareness program that help people to understand the condition and take step according to that.
As per this, the MOH hospital is high affected through this pandemic and due to having virus
which is there highly effective to heart or cardiac which needs high mode of alertness and safety
from virus. In this the procedure and overall scenario which is affected by this disease. This
create various complication for patient such as delayed in cardiac surgery, diagnose and
treatment. The proper inspection of patient and service provider taking delay to provide
medication and personal management in order to make the condition of patient healthy. The
algorithm of testing coronavirus disease in 2019 where the personal protective equipment are

used with several recommendations and classification system to categorize and prioritize
common cardiac surgery process and follow standard operating procedure (Grossman, S. N. and
et. al. 2020).
For a cardiac patient, during outbreak the service at their A class is not possible which is
due to highly requirement of so, major of hospital start intervention that help patient for service
safety.
As per this, the American college of surgeons has provided recommendations for cases
that should be delayed and postponed or prioritize for general surgery of cardiac during the
COVID-19-19. The minor trauma and several subspecialists including thoracic surgery. In
addition, there are limited recommendations are used in such a way which help to overcome
from this situation. For a cardiac surgery the extensive care and resource are required to
accompanied the objective which is set by hospital during this period. The cardiac surgery
including anaesthesia staff and blood product, ventilators, ICU care and need of various
procedure. This help to provide a construct range of classification system to likewise it help in
cardiac surgery during the COVID-19 time. Moreover, there are various principle which is
provided herein may also be useful for major surgical specialities, Mayeur, Berthoumieu &
Charbonneau, (2020).
Surgery is performed in safe method and procedure, as per this, the cardiac surgery need
appropriate safety and procurement method while conducting the cardiac surgery which may be
any type of surgery, Leira and et. al. (2020). During the current pandemic, clinicians must be
aware of the epidemiological characteristic of COVID-19 and there is limit in and benefits which
is occur for the patient with transmission rate. As notified by various source that the growing
population of patient in time of COVID-19 is more which is minimally symptomatic and
presymptomatic or asymptomatic and this all are estimated up to 60 percent which is according
to WHO in formation. There are growing rate of patient which is associated with surgery and
they are present with the symptoms of COVID-19. In this case doctor of MOH must take care of
himself while conducting surgery, they used to cover their body through PPE kit and mask to
avoid infection. As per this, the patient who is schedule for the surgery is unaware from that
because they are never tested for COVID-19. For those with SARS infection facing symptom
and issue with their respiratory and gastrointestinal tract for longer period of time may be from
one month. According to this there is no any relevant data which specify the benefits of

screening for SARS. Patient who are undergoing in cardiac surgery are unique population
situation and condition which is there according to WHO.
In this COVID-19 pandemic is involve to create negative impact because of the risk of
exposure in highly aerosol generating procedure, they are potentially taking the prolong
hospitalisation or ICU and the overall intense healthcare. In addition, patient who are undergoing
in a operating room may be more hypersensitive for pneumonia and ARDS respectively. In this,
cardiac surgery is important in term of care for the patient, Turolla and et. al. (2020). The cardiac
situation of nay individual lead to create and the person is also associated with various
medication and treatment process, so if individual is facing issue with COVID-19 then it will
difficult to manage because it create critical condition for the patient.
Coronavirus is defined as a disease which is contagious in nature and caused by severe
acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2. this is also called as SARS-CoV-2. The first case was
identified in Wuhan china, the reported case is originated from Wuhan and spread all over the
world. The first case in reported in December 2019 in china. In addition, the symptom is
beginning one of the fourteen days after the exposure to virus. There are several people who do
not know about that they facing issue of COVID. As per this, it is creating more chance of spread
because they usually meet number of people in order to unawareness. The moderate symptoms
which is linked with this is develop sever symptoms like dyspnoea, hypoxia or more than 50 of
the lungs involvement on virtual diagnose which is called as imaging and 5 percent of the critical
symptoms which is associated with respiratory failure, shocks or multi organ dysfunction. The
people who are infected with the virus is remain symptomatic and do not develop noticeable
symptoms at any point in time but there is a circumstance which allow them to still spread the
disease. There are some people who experience a range of effects known as long COVID for
month after recovery and damage to organs which is observed during the studies and survey
(Adams, 2021).
Impact on morbidities and mortalities globally
According to Marois, Muttarak and Scherbov, (2020), due to rise in COVID-19
pandemic, it has caused significant number of death overall the world. It is being analysed that if
the spread of virus is not being controlled it would lead to huge impact on life expectancy of
various people in different regions. As per data released on 22 January, 2020, it was bring to
light that due to outbreak of COVID-19, people life expectancy has being decreased and caused

significant number of death in various regions of the world. According to data of CSSE, at Johns
Hopkins University, global death count was calculates as totals of 819,612 which was a
constitute of one-quarter death due to coronavirus in Europe and another quarter at USA alone. It
was being analysed that impact of this virus was more on adults above 70 years of age and also
was quite dangerous for children below 10 year. If mortality from coronavirus tends to increase it
would can impact on existing life expectancy of various people from different regions. As by
analysing data of previous epidemics such as Ebola 2014 and Influenza pandemic 1918, due to
outbreak of these, it resulted in huge drop in life expectancy of birth as many as 11.8 years and
1.6-5.6 years in country Liberia and USA respectively (Assessing the potential impact of
COVID-19 on life expectancy, 2020).
In 2019, the top major death are counted for the 55 percent of the 55 million death
worldwide in this. That is associated with the three broad topic. As per this, the cardiovascular,
respiratory which is include the chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. The lowest respiratory
infection and neonatal condition which help include the birth asphyxia and birth trauma. The
various preterm birth complication which is directed in the respected country. During the
COVID period which s death into three categories. Communicable infectious and parasitic
disease and maternal perinatal and nutritional condition. There are number of non-communicable
chronic and injuries.
There are about more then 128 million cases active in around the world which are
increasing at a constant state. The below chart shows impact of covid-19 in following regions.

Impact of COVID-19 in Saudi Arabia
According to Abolfotouh and et. al., in one of the article published in 2020, which depicts
perception of healthcare workers in Saudi Arabia with regards to breakout of coronavirus. A
survey was being conducted by taking various random workers working in respective nation. A
total of 844 HCW were being taken into consideration with their average age of 40.4 ± 9.5 years,
out of which 40.3% were nurses, 58.2% had direct patient contact and 77.3% were being living
with others. As a majority outcome of the survey, almost percent of HCW believed that
government of respective nation should isolate patients affected with coronavirus and
appreciated the step of government to shut down its economy with implementation of curfew in
various affected areas of the nation. As impact of this state of lock-down and curfew was
implemented the respective nation which includes shutting down of countries economy with
trades and also banned foreigners from various countries to visit the respective nation.

There is biggest killer which is identified is ischaemic heart disease and as per this,
responsible for the 20 percent. There are various matter which is used to address in the
enhancement of largest increase. As per this, they are more than 8.9 million of death in 2019.
stroke and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease are the 2nd of 3rd leading death cause during the
COVID time and as per this, they are used to create the various stroke and chronic factor for the
death of of 11 percent to 6 percent of death respectively.
Impact on healthcare system in countries
According to Deloitte SAS, (2021), for the first time in history across different nations,
crisis of COVID-19 has resulted in economic shut down of entire global economy. Due to
outbreak of this pandemic situation of COVID-19, it had impacted various healthcare systems
across various nation of the world. One of the main reason behind this was due to lack of proper
healthcare system designing to deal with such pandemic situations which includes unpredictable
healthcare issues, high health challenges which involves urgent moving of resources and results
in affecting overall population of various nations. Due to this pandemic, economy was entire
world was being stuck and all focus was being made towards finding a cure of this virus. Various
government of various countries invested huge financial resource and also provided them to
operate medication activities across friendly neighbour nations, in order to find a quick solution
and prevent spread of coronavirus (What will be the impact of the Covid-19 pandemic on
healthcare systems, 2020). The COVID is now going down as per the present time by proper
medication which is based on vaccination. As per this vaccination it help to provide the
immunity that is using by number of people. The survey of the countries are used to taken and
provide the beneficial access to the mental and heath services and this must be go through the
underscore which help to provide the urgent need for increase economic and funding of factor.
Health system is develop in such a way which help to take the activities in order to
improve the or maintain the health system. These action are take place in the context with other
and this help to influence by political, cultural and social and this is also associated with various
institutional factor. As per this, when they are access to the health system which they are
required to obtain in the term of care which help to maintain or improve health condition and
their situations in various countries. As the institute of medicine defines the care which is
provided to the next one is more flexible and appropriate as per this, the degree a at which they
are equipped with the health services for the individual and population which help to increase the

desired health and outcome and are in proper manner for the current professional knowledge and
behaviour.
The COVID-19 pandemic has led to a dramatic loss of human life worldwide and
presents an unprecedented challenge to public health, food systems and the world of work. The
economic and social disruption caused by the pandemic is devastating: tens of millions of people
are at risk of falling into extreme poverty, while the number of undernourished people, currently
estimated at nearly 690 million, could increase by up to 132 million by the end of the year. The
number is at that increasing stage that, there is a shortage of PPE kits and Oxygen tanks in
various hospitals.
Impact on health care services
According to an article published by WHO on 1 June, 2020., prevention as well as
treatment of various non communicable disease has become a difficult task in medical field since
the outbreak of coronavirus. A survey was being conducted by taking 155 countries around the
world and was completed in duration of 3 weeks period in month May. As per the analyses of
survey, respective health service available for patient has being completely or partially disrupted
in various nations across the global. As per data being analysed , more than half i.e. 53%,
countries noticed that there was a partially or completely disrupted services of healthcare relating
to hypertension treatment, 42% for treatment of cancer, 49% for diabetes and related diabetes
complications and also 31% for emergency of cardiovascular. With light to the fact that
rehabilitation centres has a image to fight with special complications and unidentified diseases in
medication field, they were also being disrupted with a count of almost 2/3rd of countries
analysed in the survey (COVID-19 significantly impacts health services for non-communicable
diseases, 2020).
In context with this the service factor are presented against the dimension which is access
the framework which is need proper supplier. As per this they used to experienced various factor
in the covid time that make the service delivery difficult and not appropriate in healthcare sector.
This covid phase also create the losses of financial because this is persist for the longer period of
time. This is great fall of depression for the health-care unit because they used to invest higher
number of investment in order for the patient. As per this, the proper provocative and especially
the financial crises are became the thing more vulnerable. On the other hand, the novel infectious
illness has enhance the demand of health service and this need high investment. As per this, they

are overtaxed some of the hospital and imposed demand for specialised. The office based
practice that used in such a manner which reduce up to the 60 percent in the volume in the first
month of the crises and as per this hospital lose up to the estimated 323 billion dollar in 2020. In
this, the employment in the health care sector is down by more than 1 million and this create the
more hurdle in the field of medical. Due to this, it had lead to cancellation of appointments of
various patients in the region. It could be due to increasing number of patients then the facilities
which are available in the given region.
Impact on cardiac surgeries
As per article published on 2 Oct. 2020 which was presented by Keizman and et.al. The
pandemic of COVID-19 lead to disaster among various nation in the world. Israel was the first
country amongst all nation of world to implement various precautions for dealing with this
pandemic situation. Due to this various cardiac surgeries had been required to scale down their
regular routine practises which resulted in proportionate reduction in number of cardiac surgeries
in Israel. It was being analysed that number of cardiac surgery patients compared with previous
year data tends to decrease, however, the actual; impact of this cant be blamed on pandemic of
COVID-19 and is kept for yet to research category. Moreover, current developed countries of the
world is facing issues relating to scarcity of knowledge and experience while dealing with such
types of medical issues. Because of outbreak of this pandemic cardiac surgery seems to fading
away. Therefore, it is abjuratory that cardiac surgery teams should be vigilant and for delivering
the best to various patience, it should build its own experience and also from others experience.
For arranging better medical condition to patience, a surgeon should be aware of probable and
possible impact of COVID-19 an non COVID-19 patients (The impact of COVID-19 pandemic
on cardiac surgery in Israel, 2020).
There is no any doubts and no disagreement which is arise between international cardiac
surgical communities for those who present or in hospital with the cardiac pathology, in the
intervention is necessary for the emergency which is used to create the intervention that will
undergo in the session of surgery. Patient which is facing the issue that is involve in the acute
type of A aortic dissection, acute heart failure due to the severe coronary artery or valvular heart
disease and as per this, they are not eligible for conservative or interventional treatment should
be operated and going on.

Solution to minimize Impact of COVID-19 in health-care sector
For better bringing up of a nation, various experts in medication field adopted modern
techniques to counter with negative impact that coronavirus has caused among various residents
of respective nations. The researches and experts by deeply researching on the subject matter
founded an alternative by ensuring effective precautions and delivering medication to various
patient ensuring good health of both of them. By conducting deep research on current situation,
telemedicine which refers to practise of delivering care and medication to various patient
avoiding physical contact with them. By using technique of HIPAA complaint video-
conferencing tools various doctors of the nation were able to deliver their advise about the
treatment digitally (Perception and attitude of healthcare workers in Saudi Arabia with regard to
Covid-19 pandemic and potential associated predictors, 2021).
As per this, in Saudi Arabia and in many countries this is well identified that the cases of
the covid patient are emerge in the WHO European region. In this, the health-care sector are also
affected from this, but as per the various region they are used to protect themselves by home
isolation and follow the regulation of government such as home quarantine and self quarantine
when any type of symptoms is observed. The covid is now stoppable by using proper vaccination
and this help to formulate the plan and strategies in order to prevent the cope of covid in the
respected workplace. As per this, the healthcare sector must use to create the intervention or
approach which is used to reduce the risk covid in the workplace especially this
recommendations is adopted by MOH hospital in order to minimise the risk factor. Some of the
common method which is used in this are:
Clean hand regular and hour: This is common approach which is circulated by government
and non government sector to reduce the risk that is used to making the concern for individual
health. This prevention method is useful in order to to create the safety because in hospital there
are number of source to spread of virus so regular and immediate hand wash reduce the risk and
chances of covid in the particular workplace.
Cough or sneeze in bent elbow not in hand: As per this, they are usually taken in the part of
consideration which allow individual as a responsibilities to stop the spreading of virus. In
context with this, this approach is useful for the measurement of various factor and minimise the
factor which create risk chances in the workplace.

Avoiding touching eyes, nose and mouth: This approach is useful in term of curing of virus
because the major path of getting infected are eyes, nose and mouth. In this, avoid from touching
and all help individual and other medical staff is to reduce the chance of covid.
Limit social gathering and take limited appointments: To reduce the chances and risk which is
associated with virus are very crucial now day. The virus have highest communicable range and
this is spreading from one to another in rapid mode. So as per this, the proper use of sanitizer is
used in order to minimise the risk. In context with this, they cause more risk when the number of
people are gather then this cause more and more chance of risk and create the threat of life. In
this case, the health-care sector must go through proper precautions such as by using PPE kit and
take limited appointments in this case.
Avoid close contact with someone who is sick: In the health-care sector it is difficult to manage
the patient but as per this, they service provider must create the proper gap and distance while
delivering service to any patient.
CONCLUSION
From the above meta-analysis, it can be analysed that spread of coronavirus impacted
various dimension of various nations across the world. It resulted in closer of economy of
various nations across the global. With addition to that, this document also- highlight impact of
COVID-19 on economy of Saudi Arabia. It resulted in disruption of various healthcare centres
and lock-down situation in various infected areas of respective nation. Moreover this report
includes various literature review no respective subject matters relating to COVID-19 and it
impact on mortalities, healthcare systems, health care services including surgery and relevant
solution to minimize its negative impact.

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