Impact of Pandemic on Start-up Ventures in London 2020
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This dissertation explores the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on start-up ventures in London in 2020. It discusses the issues faced by start-ups and the strategies adopted to deal with the pandemic situation. The research aims to analyze the impact, identify the issues, and examine the strategies adopted by start-up ventures in London.
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Business and Management
Dissertation
( The impact of pandemic on start-up ventures in London 2020)
Dissertation
( The impact of pandemic on start-up ventures in London 2020)
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Table of Contents
INTRODUCTION...........................................................................................................................3
Theoretical background and research focus.....................................................................................3
Theme 1: Impact of COVID-19 on start-up ventures of London...................................3
Theme 2: Issues faced by start-up ventures of London due to COVID-19....................3
Theme 3: Strategies adopted by start-up ventures of London to deal with pandemic
situation.................................................................................................................................4
C) Justification and contextualization..............................................................................................4
Why is your research important?............................................................................................4
Why is it important to find what you are trying to find?........................................................5
How will it build on the existing body of evidence?..............................................................5
Is it timely? Does it respond to an existing need? What makes it so?....................................5
D) Methodology...............................................................................................................................5
Research Paradigm..............................................................................................................5
REFERENCES................................................................................................................................8
INTRODUCTION...........................................................................................................................3
Theoretical background and research focus.....................................................................................3
Theme 1: Impact of COVID-19 on start-up ventures of London...................................3
Theme 2: Issues faced by start-up ventures of London due to COVID-19....................3
Theme 3: Strategies adopted by start-up ventures of London to deal with pandemic
situation.................................................................................................................................4
C) Justification and contextualization..............................................................................................4
Why is your research important?............................................................................................4
Why is it important to find what you are trying to find?........................................................5
How will it build on the existing body of evidence?..............................................................5
Is it timely? Does it respond to an existing need? What makes it so?....................................5
D) Methodology...............................................................................................................................5
Research Paradigm..............................................................................................................5
REFERENCES................................................................................................................................8
INTRODUCTION
COVID-19 has adversely affected the overall investment sector and start-ups have
specifically been one of most vulnerable and is facing major issues from both business and
operations perspective. In addition to this, most of the start-ups has been closed in London as due
to this pandemic they are not able to survive at marketplace (Akpan, Udoh and Adebisi, 2020).
Due to COVID-19, many of the Start-ups is not gaining profits and do have attain string financial
results in order to secure loan taken by financial institutions. 40% of the overall global start-ups
has been close down as they are not able to survive and to retain they needs funds which is not
easy available to them from market or either government as well. It is stated that any of the small
companies lay-off staff members as they have no capability to pay them nominal wages and
salary which in tur affect on their performance in a negative manner and also decline the
activities of Start-up ventures. There are lot of Start-up ventures in London, UK which has the
direct contribution on the growth of economy such as they provide employment in market, bring
innovations, new concepts and so on. For dealing with this pandemic, Start-up ventures adopt
various strategies with an objective to come on track and sustain at marketplace such as adoption
of technologies, offering online services, declining cost and so on. It is vital for small companies
and ventures to adopt effective strategies and implement them in order retain at marketplace and
deal with this issue in a proper manner.
Theoretical background and research focus
Theme 1: Impact of COVID-19 on start-up ventures of London.
As per the view point of Ute Stephan (2020), it is stated that start-up ventures has
adversely affected by COVID-19 pandemic, payment delays by customer and decline in trading
activities is the major frequent challenge faced by them. Some of the ventures lay-ff employees
and some are managed to retain its employees. Economic-driven demands and social-distancing
restrictions are shutter down many businesses permanently and some are temporarily and focuses
on sustaining at marketplace. In addition to this, it is analysed that many of the ventures wind up
their business and lay-off employees as they did not have the potential to deal with this
pandemic. COVID-19 impact adversely on the economy and because of this government is not
able to support start-up ventures to expand their business and financially as well (Bas and
Sivaprasad, 2020). Moreover, it is determined that there number of Ventures in London that
COVID-19 has adversely affected the overall investment sector and start-ups have
specifically been one of most vulnerable and is facing major issues from both business and
operations perspective. In addition to this, most of the start-ups has been closed in London as due
to this pandemic they are not able to survive at marketplace (Akpan, Udoh and Adebisi, 2020).
Due to COVID-19, many of the Start-ups is not gaining profits and do have attain string financial
results in order to secure loan taken by financial institutions. 40% of the overall global start-ups
has been close down as they are not able to survive and to retain they needs funds which is not
easy available to them from market or either government as well. It is stated that any of the small
companies lay-off staff members as they have no capability to pay them nominal wages and
salary which in tur affect on their performance in a negative manner and also decline the
activities of Start-up ventures. There are lot of Start-up ventures in London, UK which has the
direct contribution on the growth of economy such as they provide employment in market, bring
innovations, new concepts and so on. For dealing with this pandemic, Start-up ventures adopt
various strategies with an objective to come on track and sustain at marketplace such as adoption
of technologies, offering online services, declining cost and so on. It is vital for small companies
and ventures to adopt effective strategies and implement them in order retain at marketplace and
deal with this issue in a proper manner.
Theoretical background and research focus
Theme 1: Impact of COVID-19 on start-up ventures of London.
As per the view point of Ute Stephan (2020), it is stated that start-up ventures has
adversely affected by COVID-19 pandemic, payment delays by customer and decline in trading
activities is the major frequent challenge faced by them. Some of the ventures lay-ff employees
and some are managed to retain its employees. Economic-driven demands and social-distancing
restrictions are shutter down many businesses permanently and some are temporarily and focuses
on sustaining at marketplace. In addition to this, it is analysed that many of the ventures wind up
their business and lay-off employees as they did not have the potential to deal with this
pandemic. COVID-19 impact adversely on the economy and because of this government is not
able to support start-up ventures to expand their business and financially as well (Bas and
Sivaprasad, 2020). Moreover, it is determined that there number of Ventures in London that
brings innovation, new concepts, provide employment opportunity. This all has been completely
diminished and the growth of start-up ventures is decline properly. It is important for Start-up
ventures to make use of effective strategies in order to retain at marketplace and to gain growth.
Because of decline in number of small companies and ventures, government is also facing issues
and the growth development rate of country is decline which is not easy to recover in years.
Therefore, it is stated that there is negative or adverse impact of COVID-19 on the start-up
ventures of London.
Theme 2: Issues faced by start-up ventures of London due to COVID-19.
As per the view point of Ian Selby, (2020), it is analysed that Start-ups are the lifeblood of
a dynamic economy. The COVID-19 pandemic has had a severe impact on start-up ventures in
UK. It is because of the pandemic that 41% of global the start-up firms have less than three
months of cash runway left. Access to funding is the main impact of pandemic on startup
businesses. Due to the current situation many start-ups do not have strong financial results to
secure loan from financial institutions (COVID-19 What are the key issues for UK start-ups
today, 2020). Raising funds from venture capitalists is long process and government funding
from enterprises from sectors other than healthcare requires certain application rules to be
completed. This makes access to funding highly scarce to start-up ventures. The uncertainty
related to recovery from the pandemic and emergence of new variants of the virus has created
difficult conditions for business start-ups. Another issue affecting business start-ups is lack of
consumer confidence. Consumers confidence in UK is lowered along with consumer spending
due to COVID-19. This not only impact the current revenue of startup ventures situated in UK
but also affects their future growth plans. Another impact of COVID-19 which affects business
startup is expenses related to employees remuneration. In order to survive this pandemic, start-
ups have to lay-off employees. This has resulted in start-up firms recruiting hgih skilled workers
only. This is because the cost related to training low skilled workers is an expense which cannot
be handled by employees (Grandy, Cukier and Gagnon, 2020). Start-ups are looking to cost
reduction so that they can survive this pandemic.
Theme 3: Strategies adopted by start-up ventures of London to deal with pandemic
situation.
According to Shahzad Bhatti, (2020), It is analyzed that small businesses is the hardest hit
from the current pandemic. The large organization have a better opportunity of surviving
diminished and the growth of start-up ventures is decline properly. It is important for Start-up
ventures to make use of effective strategies in order to retain at marketplace and to gain growth.
Because of decline in number of small companies and ventures, government is also facing issues
and the growth development rate of country is decline which is not easy to recover in years.
Therefore, it is stated that there is negative or adverse impact of COVID-19 on the start-up
ventures of London.
Theme 2: Issues faced by start-up ventures of London due to COVID-19.
As per the view point of Ian Selby, (2020), it is analysed that Start-ups are the lifeblood of
a dynamic economy. The COVID-19 pandemic has had a severe impact on start-up ventures in
UK. It is because of the pandemic that 41% of global the start-up firms have less than three
months of cash runway left. Access to funding is the main impact of pandemic on startup
businesses. Due to the current situation many start-ups do not have strong financial results to
secure loan from financial institutions (COVID-19 What are the key issues for UK start-ups
today, 2020). Raising funds from venture capitalists is long process and government funding
from enterprises from sectors other than healthcare requires certain application rules to be
completed. This makes access to funding highly scarce to start-up ventures. The uncertainty
related to recovery from the pandemic and emergence of new variants of the virus has created
difficult conditions for business start-ups. Another issue affecting business start-ups is lack of
consumer confidence. Consumers confidence in UK is lowered along with consumer spending
due to COVID-19. This not only impact the current revenue of startup ventures situated in UK
but also affects their future growth plans. Another impact of COVID-19 which affects business
startup is expenses related to employees remuneration. In order to survive this pandemic, start-
ups have to lay-off employees. This has resulted in start-up firms recruiting hgih skilled workers
only. This is because the cost related to training low skilled workers is an expense which cannot
be handled by employees (Grandy, Cukier and Gagnon, 2020). Start-ups are looking to cost
reduction so that they can survive this pandemic.
Theme 3: Strategies adopted by start-up ventures of London to deal with pandemic
situation.
According to Shahzad Bhatti, (2020), It is analyzed that small businesses is the hardest hit
from the current pandemic. The large organization have a better opportunity of surviving
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whereas small businesses tend to live only a few months of cash flow. It is determined that it is
not only devastating for small business owners but also for staff members that they support. In
order to deal with such situation of COVID-19, small companies adopt various strategies. One
of the strategy is to tap into resources given by financial institutions and government. It is
analyzed that government all around the world putting initiatives in order to support small
business owners and is something which is evolving on a daily basis. It is important for small
business owners to up to date with how government can assist to cut cost and how are the
institutions like banks give response. Another strategy is to find opportunities, it is analyzed that
business model of small business help to survive and deal with the changes that will come from
COVID-19 pandemic. Using of digital technology and providing services online help small
companies to reach maximum number of people and to connect with them so that their
performance level is maintained at marketplace (How small business survive in pandemic, 2020).
Developing a website is also one of strategy as it directly signifies that brand is committed to
create an experience which is unique that leads to growth and success at marketplace. It also help
company to increase customer base level and to gain profit by which they can cover their
expenses. Moreover, start up ventures can expand its business to other countries where
government support them and help small companies to sustain at marketplace. It is analyzed that
UK has well established and leading capabilities to deal with disease outbreaks as well as
Pandemic. Furthermore, it is determined that government of UK is also supporting startup
ventures as they are the reason of economic growth and successful. There are many small
ventures in UK and to sustain, it is vital for small business owners to bring something new and
innovative after analyzing the market situation and trends in a proper and effective manner.
Research aim:
To analyse the impact of pandemic on start-up ventures in London 2020.
Research Objectives:
ï‚· To identify the impact of COVID-19 on start-up ventures of London.
ï‚· To determine the issues faced by start-up ventures of London due to COVID-19.
ï‚· To examine strategies adopted by start-up ventures of London to deal with pandemic
situation.
Research Question:
ï‚· What is the impact of COVID-19 on start-up ventures of London?
not only devastating for small business owners but also for staff members that they support. In
order to deal with such situation of COVID-19, small companies adopt various strategies. One
of the strategy is to tap into resources given by financial institutions and government. It is
analyzed that government all around the world putting initiatives in order to support small
business owners and is something which is evolving on a daily basis. It is important for small
business owners to up to date with how government can assist to cut cost and how are the
institutions like banks give response. Another strategy is to find opportunities, it is analyzed that
business model of small business help to survive and deal with the changes that will come from
COVID-19 pandemic. Using of digital technology and providing services online help small
companies to reach maximum number of people and to connect with them so that their
performance level is maintained at marketplace (How small business survive in pandemic, 2020).
Developing a website is also one of strategy as it directly signifies that brand is committed to
create an experience which is unique that leads to growth and success at marketplace. It also help
company to increase customer base level and to gain profit by which they can cover their
expenses. Moreover, start up ventures can expand its business to other countries where
government support them and help small companies to sustain at marketplace. It is analyzed that
UK has well established and leading capabilities to deal with disease outbreaks as well as
Pandemic. Furthermore, it is determined that government of UK is also supporting startup
ventures as they are the reason of economic growth and successful. There are many small
ventures in UK and to sustain, it is vital for small business owners to bring something new and
innovative after analyzing the market situation and trends in a proper and effective manner.
Research aim:
To analyse the impact of pandemic on start-up ventures in London 2020.
Research Objectives:
ï‚· To identify the impact of COVID-19 on start-up ventures of London.
ï‚· To determine the issues faced by start-up ventures of London due to COVID-19.
ï‚· To examine strategies adopted by start-up ventures of London to deal with pandemic
situation.
Research Question:
ï‚· What is the impact of COVID-19 on start-up ventures of London?
ï‚· What are the issues faced by start-up ventures of London due to COVID-19?
ï‚· What are the strategies adopted by start-up ventures of London to deal with pandemic
situation?
C) Justification and contextualization
Why is your research important?
This research is significant as it focuses on analysing the impact of pandemic on start-up
ventures in London 2020. It assist to understand what are the issues faced by start-up ventures of
London due to COVID-19 pandemic (Hilson and et. al., 2021). This investigation is significant
as it determine strategies adopted by start-up ventures of London to deal with pandemic situation
in a proper and effective manner. Moreover, it also assist researcher to improve its skills such as
time management, data analysis, data interpretation which further help investigator in future to
conduct studies systematically and properly.
Why is it important to find what you are trying to find?
It is significant for investigator to find the impact of COVID-19 on start-up ventures of
London as it helping gaining knowledge about present situation of UK and how companies deal
with it. This research is significant as it would focus on the impact of COVID-19 on startup
ventures of London. In addition to this, it assist to gain knowledge about the issues faced by
startup ventures because of this pandemic (Mason and Hruskova, 2021). This research clearly
mentions that how start-up ventures suffer and how they are not capable to execute or
implement activities. This research also assist in gaining insight about exact situation of startup
ventures in London which positively contributes towards the economic. Moreover, conducting
this research assist investigator to gain both professional and personal growth. In context to
professional, it help in knowing about the exact situation of COVID-19 which is very important
to gain. On the other hand, it help researcher to improve skills such as data collection, data
analysis, time management and so on. Furthermore this research shows the challenges which is
faced at the present time by small businesses. It also help to know about the strategies adopted by
start up ventures in order to deal with COVID-19 pandemic situation in a proper manner.
How will it build on the existing body of evidence?
In order to conduct the study, secondary research method is applied by researcher.
Secondary source method is basically an approach that is used for systematic investigation and
ï‚· What are the strategies adopted by start-up ventures of London to deal with pandemic
situation?
C) Justification and contextualization
Why is your research important?
This research is significant as it focuses on analysing the impact of pandemic on start-up
ventures in London 2020. It assist to understand what are the issues faced by start-up ventures of
London due to COVID-19 pandemic (Hilson and et. al., 2021). This investigation is significant
as it determine strategies adopted by start-up ventures of London to deal with pandemic situation
in a proper and effective manner. Moreover, it also assist researcher to improve its skills such as
time management, data analysis, data interpretation which further help investigator in future to
conduct studies systematically and properly.
Why is it important to find what you are trying to find?
It is significant for investigator to find the impact of COVID-19 on start-up ventures of
London as it helping gaining knowledge about present situation of UK and how companies deal
with it. This research is significant as it would focus on the impact of COVID-19 on startup
ventures of London. In addition to this, it assist to gain knowledge about the issues faced by
startup ventures because of this pandemic (Mason and Hruskova, 2021). This research clearly
mentions that how start-up ventures suffer and how they are not capable to execute or
implement activities. This research also assist in gaining insight about exact situation of startup
ventures in London which positively contributes towards the economic. Moreover, conducting
this research assist investigator to gain both professional and personal growth. In context to
professional, it help in knowing about the exact situation of COVID-19 which is very important
to gain. On the other hand, it help researcher to improve skills such as data collection, data
analysis, time management and so on. Furthermore this research shows the challenges which is
faced at the present time by small businesses. It also help to know about the strategies adopted by
start up ventures in order to deal with COVID-19 pandemic situation in a proper manner.
How will it build on the existing body of evidence?
In order to conduct the study, secondary research method is applied by researcher.
Secondary source method is basically an approach that is used for systematic investigation and
herein investigator rely on the information that is already exist. There are various sources to
collect secondary information that is journals, Internet, websites, articles, textbooks, publications
and many more. This information is already collected by professionals and other researchers due
which it is easy to gain information about a particular topic. Investigator first studies as well as
analyze information and then apply it to the particular investigation. It is analyzed that secondary
research mainly depends on the information which has given by primary research. It help
investigator in systematic investigation and also assist to use their knowledge in order to give
right direction to researcher. Moreover, it also aid in attaining valid and reliable conclusion in a
timely and effective manner.
Is it timely? Does it respond to an existing need? What makes it so?
Yes, time is one of the significant aspect for investigator in order to complete dissertation
within a provided time period. In addition to this, it is vital for investigator to conduct every
activity associated to research on time period, Because every research is conducted in order to
satisfy the requirement of situation and is only be fulfilled then investigator has implemented it
on time frame. Therefore, it is important to work as per the time management. For this, Gantt
chart which is a time management tool will be used by researcher in order to schedule each and
every activity of investigation (McKay, Bastian and Lindberg, 2021). It is basically a bar chart
that is used to plan project of various sizes and to show every activity initial and ending time.
Moreover, it gives a simple chart where starting date as well as ending date of project is properly
mentioned. This chart also shows task of project, people working on task, starting date of project,
duration to complete task, finishing date of project and many more. Using of such kind of time
management tool will assist researcher to achieve objectives timely and properly.
D) Methodology
Research Paradigm
It is a form of research philosophy that is basically a common agreement among
investigators to find out issues & how it should be addressed and understood. In addition to this,
it is a method that is practice by investigators for longer time frame. There are mainly two forms
of research paradigm that is interpretivist and positivists. In context to Positivist, it is basically a
finding of one study to another of same nature and is also a quantitative method. On the other
collect secondary information that is journals, Internet, websites, articles, textbooks, publications
and many more. This information is already collected by professionals and other researchers due
which it is easy to gain information about a particular topic. Investigator first studies as well as
analyze information and then apply it to the particular investigation. It is analyzed that secondary
research mainly depends on the information which has given by primary research. It help
investigator in systematic investigation and also assist to use their knowledge in order to give
right direction to researcher. Moreover, it also aid in attaining valid and reliable conclusion in a
timely and effective manner.
Is it timely? Does it respond to an existing need? What makes it so?
Yes, time is one of the significant aspect for investigator in order to complete dissertation
within a provided time period. In addition to this, it is vital for investigator to conduct every
activity associated to research on time period, Because every research is conducted in order to
satisfy the requirement of situation and is only be fulfilled then investigator has implemented it
on time frame. Therefore, it is important to work as per the time management. For this, Gantt
chart which is a time management tool will be used by researcher in order to schedule each and
every activity of investigation (McKay, Bastian and Lindberg, 2021). It is basically a bar chart
that is used to plan project of various sizes and to show every activity initial and ending time.
Moreover, it gives a simple chart where starting date as well as ending date of project is properly
mentioned. This chart also shows task of project, people working on task, starting date of project,
duration to complete task, finishing date of project and many more. Using of such kind of time
management tool will assist researcher to achieve objectives timely and properly.
D) Methodology
Research Paradigm
It is a form of research philosophy that is basically a common agreement among
investigators to find out issues & how it should be addressed and understood. In addition to this,
it is a method that is practice by investigators for longer time frame. There are mainly two forms
of research paradigm that is interpretivist and positivists. In context to Positivist, it is basically a
finding of one study to another of same nature and is also a quantitative method. On the other
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hand, Interpretivist is a qualitative method and is not the findings attained from one study
(Namatovu and Larsen, 2021). For the present research, Positivist research paradigm is used by
investigator as it assist in collection as well as evaluation of information in quantitative manner.
Along with this, it also save time and cost of researcher.
Methodological approach: It is referred as an approach which is used by investigator in
order to evaluate as well as investigate the data associated with research topic. Inductive and
deductive and the two methods which are effective for data analysis and collection. It is stated
that both this methodological approaches is valuable and effective but as per the research topic,
deductive methodological approach is appropriate. One of the main reason to use deductive
method is it is quantitative in nature and also allow researcher to evaluate data in numerical
form. Moreover, it also assists in acquiring more reliable and relevant information in less cost
and time as well (Nhamo, Dube and Chikodzi, 2020). On contrary, inductive approach is not
appropriate as it collects data which is in qualitative form and also consume high resources and
time. Therefore, deductive approach is more beneficial and useful in this dissertation for
attainment of objective timely.
Methods: There are mainly two types of methods for carrying out research that is
qualitative and quantitative. It is stated that both methods is used for collection, analysis,
selection and identification of data on particular topic. For the present study, quantitative
method is adopted by research. The main reason to select quantitative method is it assist in
gathering data which is in numerical form and also help in attaining valid and reliable results
within less time frame. If it is talking about qualitative method, it required more cost and time
and also sometimes is not able to develop valid results for the study.
Techniques: There are various forms of techniques available to investigator in order to
carry out research. The different type of techniques is interview, questionnaire, focus group and
so on. For the present study, researcher uses questionnaire as a technique as it assists to reach
large number of population in less time frame. Along with this, questionnaire assist investigator
to gain in depth knowledge about topic on also the viewpoint of others due to which valid and
reliable conclusion can be drawn.
Sampling: It is referred as the procedure of selecting participants for conducting the
study from the whole population (Prah and Sibiri, 2020). Probability and non probability
sampling are two significant techniques of sampling. Both these methods of sampling is a
(Namatovu and Larsen, 2021). For the present research, Positivist research paradigm is used by
investigator as it assist in collection as well as evaluation of information in quantitative manner.
Along with this, it also save time and cost of researcher.
Methodological approach: It is referred as an approach which is used by investigator in
order to evaluate as well as investigate the data associated with research topic. Inductive and
deductive and the two methods which are effective for data analysis and collection. It is stated
that both this methodological approaches is valuable and effective but as per the research topic,
deductive methodological approach is appropriate. One of the main reason to use deductive
method is it is quantitative in nature and also allow researcher to evaluate data in numerical
form. Moreover, it also assists in acquiring more reliable and relevant information in less cost
and time as well (Nhamo, Dube and Chikodzi, 2020). On contrary, inductive approach is not
appropriate as it collects data which is in qualitative form and also consume high resources and
time. Therefore, deductive approach is more beneficial and useful in this dissertation for
attainment of objective timely.
Methods: There are mainly two types of methods for carrying out research that is
qualitative and quantitative. It is stated that both methods is used for collection, analysis,
selection and identification of data on particular topic. For the present study, quantitative
method is adopted by research. The main reason to select quantitative method is it assist in
gathering data which is in numerical form and also help in attaining valid and reliable results
within less time frame. If it is talking about qualitative method, it required more cost and time
and also sometimes is not able to develop valid results for the study.
Techniques: There are various forms of techniques available to investigator in order to
carry out research. The different type of techniques is interview, questionnaire, focus group and
so on. For the present study, researcher uses questionnaire as a technique as it assists to reach
large number of population in less time frame. Along with this, questionnaire assist investigator
to gain in depth knowledge about topic on also the viewpoint of others due to which valid and
reliable conclusion can be drawn.
Sampling: It is referred as the procedure of selecting participants for conducting the
study from the whole population (Prah and Sibiri, 2020). Probability and non probability
sampling are two significant techniques of sampling. Both these methods of sampling is a
essential but as per the study, probability sampling is appropriate as it enable researcher to
choose large sample size in less time frame. Moreover, random sampling which is a type of
probability sampling is used by investigator as it helps in selecting respondents without any
biasness. By using this sampling methods, 40 employees of start of ventures is selected. On
contrary, non probability sampling is not appropriate in it does not support researcher in
selecting large number of sample size.
Data analysis: It is undertaken as a procedure by which investigator analyze collected
information by qualitative and quantitative method. For the present study, data is gathered by
questionnaire which is a quantitative method (Rogerson and Baum, 2020). In order to evaluate
such kind of information, frequency distribution analysis is used by researcher as it is effective
as well as valuable technique. Along with this, it is stated as an analytical technique help in
analysis of information that is in quantitative form and in less time period as well.
Access and ethics: For conducting the research, investigator should have access to
information and is required to follow all the parameters of ethics so that the study is carried out
systematically and properly. In addition to this, in order to assess primary information
investigator has to take permission from the company so that it can gain information from the
staff members. It is stated that staff members are the one who is directly linked with the
organization an can provide effective data (Sahay and et. al., 2020). In context to secondary data,
investigator collect it from various journals, articles, publications, Internet and many more.
Ethics are basically principles which has to be followed by investigator at the time of conducting
study. The principle of ethics involved justice, anonymity, informed consent, integrity, veracity
and so on. These principles are used by researchers in completion of every activity of dissertation
in a proper as well as ethical manner.
Advantages and limitations: For carrying out this investigation, the research strategy
which is used by investigator is survey and for this questionnaire is developed that has many
advantages. One of the main advantages it help in gathering information in quantitative form and
in less time. Another advantage is, it help in reaching large number of participants and to gain in-
depth information which leads to development of valid and reliable conclusion (Gregory, 2019).
On the other hand, researchers face many limitations at the time of conducting study such as
ineffective coordination, lack of resources and many more. Questionnaire as a research
instrument is also associated with some limitations that is it involves various questions and
choose large sample size in less time frame. Moreover, random sampling which is a type of
probability sampling is used by investigator as it helps in selecting respondents without any
biasness. By using this sampling methods, 40 employees of start of ventures is selected. On
contrary, non probability sampling is not appropriate in it does not support researcher in
selecting large number of sample size.
Data analysis: It is undertaken as a procedure by which investigator analyze collected
information by qualitative and quantitative method. For the present study, data is gathered by
questionnaire which is a quantitative method (Rogerson and Baum, 2020). In order to evaluate
such kind of information, frequency distribution analysis is used by researcher as it is effective
as well as valuable technique. Along with this, it is stated as an analytical technique help in
analysis of information that is in quantitative form and in less time period as well.
Access and ethics: For conducting the research, investigator should have access to
information and is required to follow all the parameters of ethics so that the study is carried out
systematically and properly. In addition to this, in order to assess primary information
investigator has to take permission from the company so that it can gain information from the
staff members. It is stated that staff members are the one who is directly linked with the
organization an can provide effective data (Sahay and et. al., 2020). In context to secondary data,
investigator collect it from various journals, articles, publications, Internet and many more.
Ethics are basically principles which has to be followed by investigator at the time of conducting
study. The principle of ethics involved justice, anonymity, informed consent, integrity, veracity
and so on. These principles are used by researchers in completion of every activity of dissertation
in a proper as well as ethical manner.
Advantages and limitations: For carrying out this investigation, the research strategy
which is used by investigator is survey and for this questionnaire is developed that has many
advantages. One of the main advantages it help in gathering information in quantitative form and
in less time. Another advantage is, it help in reaching large number of participants and to gain in-
depth information which leads to development of valid and reliable conclusion (Gregory, 2019).
On the other hand, researchers face many limitations at the time of conducting study such as
ineffective coordination, lack of resources and many more. Questionnaire as a research
instrument is also associated with some limitations that is it involves various questions and
sometimes such questions is difficult to analyze and understand that make participant confused.
Another disadvantage is it lack personalization. It is analyzed that sometimes respondents did not
take active participation in filling the questionnaire due to which appropriate data is not collected
(Shields, 2019). All such disadvantages of questionnaire develop invalid and non- reliable
outcome of study.
Another disadvantage is it lack personalization. It is analyzed that sometimes respondents did not
take active participation in filling the questionnaire due to which appropriate data is not collected
(Shields, 2019). All such disadvantages of questionnaire develop invalid and non- reliable
outcome of study.
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REFERENCES
Books & Journal
Akpan, I.J., Udoh, E.A.P. and Adebisi, B., 2020. Small business awareness and adoption of state-
of-the-art technologies in emerging and developing markets, and lessons from the
COVID-19 pandemic. Journal of Small Business & Entrepreneurship, pp.1-18.
Bas, T. and Sivaprasad, S., 2020. The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic crisis on the travel and
tourism sector: UK evidence. Available at SSRN 3623404.
Grandy, G., Cukier, W. and Gagnon, S., 2020. (In) visibility in the margins: COVID-19, women
entrepreneurs and the need for inclusive recovery. Gender in Management: An
International Journal.
Hilson and et. al., 2021. Artisanal and small-scale mining, and COVID-19 in sub-Saharan Africa:
A preliminary analysis. World Development, 139, p.105315.
Mason, C. and Hruskova, M., 2021. The impact of Covid-19 on entrepreneurial ecosystems.
In Productivity and the Pandemic. Edward Elgar Publishing.
McKay, F.H., Bastian, A. and Lindberg, R., 2021. Exploring The Response Of The Victorian
Emergency And Community Food Sector To The COVID-19 Pandemic. Journal of
Hunger & Environmental Nutrition, pp.1-15.
Namatovu, R. and Larsen, M.M., 2021. Responding to COVID-19: Insights from African
firms. Africa Journal of Management, 7(1), pp.104-120.
Nhamo, G., Dube, K. and Chikodzi, D., 2020. Counting the cost of COVID-19 on the global
tourism industry. Springer Nature.
Prah, D. and Sibiri, H., 2020. The resilience of African migrant entrepreneurs in China under
COVID-19. Journal of Entrepreneurship in Emerging Economies.
Rogerson, C.M. and Baum, T., 2020. COVID-19 and African tourism research
agendas. Development Southern Africa, 37(5), pp.727-741.
Sahay and et. al., 2020. The promise of fintech: Financial inclusion in the post COVID-19 era.
International Monetary Fund.
Gregory, R., 2019. A roadmap for research methodology. European Political Science, 18(4),
pp.733-735.
Shields, M., 2019. Research Methodology and Statistical Methods. Scientific e-Resources.
Books & Journal
Akpan, I.J., Udoh, E.A.P. and Adebisi, B., 2020. Small business awareness and adoption of state-
of-the-art technologies in emerging and developing markets, and lessons from the
COVID-19 pandemic. Journal of Small Business & Entrepreneurship, pp.1-18.
Bas, T. and Sivaprasad, S., 2020. The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic crisis on the travel and
tourism sector: UK evidence. Available at SSRN 3623404.
Grandy, G., Cukier, W. and Gagnon, S., 2020. (In) visibility in the margins: COVID-19, women
entrepreneurs and the need for inclusive recovery. Gender in Management: An
International Journal.
Hilson and et. al., 2021. Artisanal and small-scale mining, and COVID-19 in sub-Saharan Africa:
A preliminary analysis. World Development, 139, p.105315.
Mason, C. and Hruskova, M., 2021. The impact of Covid-19 on entrepreneurial ecosystems.
In Productivity and the Pandemic. Edward Elgar Publishing.
McKay, F.H., Bastian, A. and Lindberg, R., 2021. Exploring The Response Of The Victorian
Emergency And Community Food Sector To The COVID-19 Pandemic. Journal of
Hunger & Environmental Nutrition, pp.1-15.
Namatovu, R. and Larsen, M.M., 2021. Responding to COVID-19: Insights from African
firms. Africa Journal of Management, 7(1), pp.104-120.
Nhamo, G., Dube, K. and Chikodzi, D., 2020. Counting the cost of COVID-19 on the global
tourism industry. Springer Nature.
Prah, D. and Sibiri, H., 2020. The resilience of African migrant entrepreneurs in China under
COVID-19. Journal of Entrepreneurship in Emerging Economies.
Rogerson, C.M. and Baum, T., 2020. COVID-19 and African tourism research
agendas. Development Southern Africa, 37(5), pp.727-741.
Sahay and et. al., 2020. The promise of fintech: Financial inclusion in the post COVID-19 era.
International Monetary Fund.
Gregory, R., 2019. A roadmap for research methodology. European Political Science, 18(4),
pp.733-735.
Shields, M., 2019. Research Methodology and Statistical Methods. Scientific e-Resources.
Entrepreneurship and Covid-19: Challenges and opportunities, (2020) [online] Available
through; <https://www.kcl.ac.uk/business/assets/PDF/research-papers/country-report-
uk-entrepreneurship-and-covid-19-challenges-and-opportunities-an-assessment-of-the-
short-and-long-term-consequences-for-uk-small-businesses.pdf>
COVID-19 What are the key issues for UK start-ups today?, 2020. [Online] Available through <
https://www.fm-magazine.com/news/2020/jul/key-coronavirus-issues-for-uk-
startups.html>
How small business survive in pandemic, 2020 [online] Available through;<
https://www.entrepreneur.com/article/348365>
through; <https://www.kcl.ac.uk/business/assets/PDF/research-papers/country-report-
uk-entrepreneurship-and-covid-19-challenges-and-opportunities-an-assessment-of-the-
short-and-long-term-consequences-for-uk-small-businesses.pdf>
COVID-19 What are the key issues for UK start-ups today?, 2020. [Online] Available through <
https://www.fm-magazine.com/news/2020/jul/key-coronavirus-issues-for-uk-
startups.html>
How small business survive in pandemic, 2020 [online] Available through;<
https://www.entrepreneur.com/article/348365>
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